Image classification optimization technology based on differentiable neural architecture search improvement model.

Image classification, as the core task of computer vision, has broad application value in fields such as medical diagnosis and intelligent transportation.However, the ability of differentiable neural architecture to search (NAS) for local information is weak, which limits the accuracy and long-distance information capture capability of the algorithm. Therefore, based on this, the study introduces visual attention mechanism and proposes an improved model that replaces the original convolution operator and adds residual structure in the macro structure to enhance the model's information acquisition ability and classification accuracy.

Focus on Cell Apoptosis, Pyroptosis and Ferroptosis to Explore Strategic Breakthrough for GDM.

As an inevitable end of an organism, cell death plays a crucial role in human metabolism. In recent years, inappropriate cell death, such as cellular apoptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, has been shown to be involved in a variety of metabolic diseases. The placenta is an extremely important endocrine organ during pregnancy, which significantly influences fetal health by providing material exchange.

Charge-driven corona formation and nanoparticle cellular uptake: A microfluidic study on nanoparticle-protein interactions.

Protein corona (PC) formation on nanodrug carriers compromises drug delivery efficiency. This study examined how nanoparticle surface charge governs PC composition and cellular uptake. Specifically, the negatively charged DPE-PCL nanoparticles (DPNs), and positively charged DPE-PCL-Gly nanoparticles (DPGNs), were used as models and co-injected with serum into microfluidic channels to replicate vascular shear conditions, with static incubation serving as the control.

Study on the efficacy and safety of supramolecular salicylic acid in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea: results from a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled superiority study.

Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a complex etiology involving genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Despite various treatments, managing papulopustular lesions remains challenging. Salicylic acid, known for its anti-inflammatory properties, has been used in dermatology for decades, but its efficacy in treating rosacea needs further exploration.

ROS-scavenging hydrogen nanotherapy simultaneously targets inflammation and pain in rheumatoid arthritis.

Relieving pain while treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a pressing clinical need to improve satisfaction of patients, which has not received the due attention and solution. Herein, we propose a strategy to kill two birds with one stone, for which we emphasize synergetic therapeutic outcome of analgesia and inhibiting RA progression through introducing hydrogen nanogenerator to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) at lesion locations. This system exhibited efficient ROS scavenging and reducing apoptosis of C17.

Research Parameters in RBC Indices Shows Vital Importance in Screening α-Thalassemia.

Background: The percentage of microcytic cells (%MICRO) and the percentage of hypochromic cells (%HYPO) were very useful in differentiating microcytic anemia, and hematological parameters had significant potential as predictive markers of the degree of α-gene deletions. This study aims to evaluate the value of these research parameters in screening for α-thalassemia compared to classical indices.

Methods: We analyzed the data of 402 subjects with α-thalassemia deletions and 553 normal subjects and evaluated the performance of each parameter with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity, and specificity.

Investigating the link between COVID-19 misinformation exposure and vaccine hesitancy through perceptions of efficacy and unsafety.

Background: Misinformation has played a significant role in shaping public attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines, contributing to vaccine hesitancy. This study examines the relationship between misinformation exposure and vaccine hesitancy, focusing on the mediating roles of perceived vaccine safety and efficacy. Additionally, it explores how trust in misinformation influences these relationships.

ALKBH5 exacerbates psoriatic dermatitis in mice by promoting angiogenesis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and its pathogenesis is largely modulated by abnormal angiogenesis. Previous research has indicated that AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), an important demethylase affecting N-methyladenosine (mA) modification, plays a role in regulating angiogenesis in cardiovascular and eye diseases. Our present study found that ALKBH5 was upregulated and co-localized with cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) in the skin of IMQ group compared with control group.

Design of a metalens for beam collimation and angular amplification in optical phased array devices.

We present an analytical design for increasing the beam sharpness (collimation) and field of view (FOV) of an optical phased array (OPA) device. In this work, a cylindrical metalens is used for collimation, while a set of metalens, with both concave and convex phase profiles, are incorporated to increase the FOV. Following the generalized vector law of reflection or refraction, the trajectories of the reflected or transmitted rays corresponding to the phase profile of phase gradient metasurfaces/metalens are obtained.

Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission Is Essential for Chemical-Induced Neuronal Transdifferentiation from Human Primary Fibroblasts.

Neuronal replacement therapy recently holds promise for neurodegenerative disease treatment. Somatic cell-derived neurons are the main cell source for this therapy; however, the induction mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial architecture undergoes substantial remodeling throughout cellular reprogramming processes.

CT Quantitative Analysis in Evaluating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Interstitial Lung Abnormalities.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) is often overlooked and can progress to severe diabetesinduced pulmonary fibrosis (DiPF). Therefore, early diagnosis of T2DM complicated with ILAs is crucial. Chest computed tomography (CT) is an important method for diagnosing T2DM complicated with ILAs.

Coronavirus disease 2019-associated liver injury in pregnancy: A case report.

Liver injury is an increasingly recognized extrapulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly during pregnancy due to overlapping physiological and pathological changes. A 26-year-old primigravida at 24 weeks of gestation presented with fever, chills, weakness, and sore throat, who was later confirmed to be severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-positive. Laboratory tests revealed lymphopenia, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count, increased D-dimer level, high total bilirubin level, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels.

The Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.

Recently, the gut microbiota has been found to be associated with multiple organs and systems in the human body, playing a key role in the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as the gut-brain axis and the gut-liver axis. However, its interaction with miscarriages remains poorly understood. This article reviews the characteristics of gut microbiota and its metabolites in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), the mechanism of gut microbiota inducing RSA, and potential therapeutic strategies.

Feasibility of replacing true non-contrast images with virtual non-contrast images in quantitative analysis of emphysema.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of virtual non-contrast (VNC) images in comparison with true non-contrast (TNC) images in dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the assessment of emphysema quantification.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 57 patients who underwent three-phase chest CT. The VNC images of the arterial phase (VNC(AP)) and venous phase (VNC(VP)) were generated on an AW4.

Effect of New Generation Snapshot Freeze Combined With Deep Learning Image Reconstruction on Image Quality of Coronary Artery Calcifications and Their Quantification.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the new-generation snapshot freeze (SSF2) algorithm combined with Deep Learning Image Reconstruction (DLIR) in improving the image quality of coronary artery calcifications (CAC) and their quantification.

Methods: Coronary artery calcification score (CACS) scans were performed on 69 patients using ECG-triggered noncontrast CT. Four groups of images were reconstructed with SSF2 or without (STD), combined with ASIR-V (Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction-V) and DLIR: STDASIR-V, STDDLIR, SSF2ASIR-V, and SSF2DLIR.

Fotagliptin add-on therapy to metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: A randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Aim: Fotagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fotagliptin add-on to metformin in patients with T2D.

Materials And Methods: In this phase 3 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients with T2D who had inadequate glycaemic control using metformin alone were randomly allocated to fotagliptin or placebo at a 2:1 ratio for 24-week double-blind treatment period, followed by an open-label treatment with fotagliptin for all patients, making up a total of 52 weeks.

Improving image quality by comparing two chest MRI sequences: free-breathing T1-weighted Star-VIBE and breath-holding T1-weighted 3D VIBE Dixon.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T1-weighted free-breathing Star-VIBE sequences for improving image quality in chest examinations compared with conventional T1-weighted breath-hold VIBE (C-VIBE) sequences.

Methods: The data of 20 patients with chest MRI examinations in our hospital were prospectively collected. The scanning sequences included conventional breath-hold T1-weighted VIBE sequences (echo time [TE]: 1.

Evaluation of infrapatellar fat pad elasticity in knee osteoarthritis using IVIM-DWI-based virtual MR elastography: repeatability and reproducibility analysis.

Background: Fibrosis of the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) leads to changes in its stiffness, which may impact knee osteoarthritis. However, few studies have utilized virtual MR elastography to assess the variations of the IPFP. This study aimed to evaluate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI)-based virtual MR elastography (vMRE) in the IPFP by assessing the test-retest repeatability, as well as intra- and inter-observer reproducibility.

Impacts of Average Real Variability Parameters of Blood Pressure on Recovery Following Posterior Fixation Surgery for Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the influence of average real variability (ARV) parameters of blood pressure on the recovery following posterior fixation surgery for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 190 patients who underwent posterior fixation surgery for thoracolumbar vertebral fractures at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on their postoperative recovery: the good recovery group (n = 140) and the poor recovery group (n = 50).

Semiconductor optical amplifier-based laser system for cold-atom sensors.

Precise control of atomic systems has led to an array of emerging 'quantum' sensor concepts ranging from Rydberg-atom RF-electric probes to cold-atom interferometer gravimeters. Looking forward, the potential impact of these technologies hinges on their capability to be adapted from laboratory-scale experiments to compact and low-power field-deployable instruments. However, existing setups typically require a bulky and power-hungry laser and optics system (LOS) to prepare, control, and interrogate the relevant atomic system using a variety of frequency-referenced and rapidly reconfigurable laser beams.

Radiation and contrast dose reduction in coronary CT angiography for slender patients with 70 kV tube voltage and deep learning image reconstruction.

Objective: To evaluate the radiation and contrast dose reduction potential of combining 70 kV with deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for slender patients with body-mass-index (BMI) ≤25 kg/m2.

Methods: Sixty patients for CCTA were randomly divided into 2 groups: group A with 120 kV and contrast agent dose of 0.8 mL/kg, and group B with 70 kV and contrast agent dose of 0.

Lateral flow immunoassay using plasmonic scattering.

The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is one of the most successful sensing platforms for real-world point-of-care (POC) testing. However, achieving PCR-level sensitivity without compromising the inherent advantages of LFIA, such as rapid and robust operation, affordability, and naked-eye detection, has remained a primary challenge. In this study, a plasmonic scattering-utilising LFIA was proposed, created by transparentising a nitrocellulose membrane and placing a light-absorbing backing card under the membrane.

Emodin Decreases Tumor-Associated Macrophages Accumulation and Suppresses Bladder Cancer Development by Inhibiting CXCL1 Secretion from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cells in the bladder cancer (BC) microenvironment (TME). However, the detailed mechanisms underlying TAM-CAF communication and their contributions to BC progression remain incompletely understood. Emerging evidence shows that Emodin exerts anti-tumor effect on several tumor models by targeting TME.