Correlation of fecal calprotectin levels with the detection of treatable enteric pathogens in children with severe acute diarrheal disease in Botswana.

Diarrheal disease is a leading cause of death among young children globally. Current guidelines recommend supportive treatment of acute diarrhea and using antimicrobials only with presence of blood in the stool. Select enteric pathogens, including Shigella, commonly cause disease in high-burden settings; targeted treatment of these pathogens could decrease morbidity and mortality.

Survey, taxonomy, and emerging paradigms of societal digital twins for public health preparedness.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has demonstrated the severe impact of infectious diseases on global society, politics, and economies. To mitigate future pandemics, preemptive measures for effectively managing infection outbreaks are essential. In this context, Societal Digital Twin (SDT) technology offers a promising solution.

Mortality trends related to cardiogenic shock in heart failure patients aged 25 and older across the United States: A study utilizing the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2023.

Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) remains crucial in mortality rates for heart failure (HF) patients. However, contemporary data on long-term mortality trends related to CS are limited. This study investigates demographic patterns and trends in CS mortality among HF patients over 25 years.

Evolving Trends and Health Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease in the United States (1999-2024).

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common progressive atherosclerotic condition that significantly affects morbidity and mortality in the United States. However, data on PAD-related mortality trends are limited. This study investigates contemporary mortality trends across various sociodemographic and regional factor groups.

Investigation of nanotexture fabrication by magnetic field assisted ultra-precision diamond cutting.

Ultra-precision machining (UPM) is crucial for producing parts with functional surfaces featuring nano textures, yet it faces challenges in generating such textures. This paper explores the potential of magnetic field-assisted UPM to overcome these challenges by leveraging magnetophoresis to generate nanotextures and thoroughly investigating the importance of cutting velocity on magnetophoresis in diamond cutting. Experimental results from cutting force, surface profile, surface topography, and atomic force microscopy images demonstrate that magnetic fields enable nanotexture generation on aluminum alloys surfaces in diamond cutting.

Stochastic optimization for minimizing operational costs in smart hybrid energy networks considering electric vehicle.

The residential energy hub (REH) effectively satisfies power demands, but the incorporation of renewable energy sources (RES) and the increasing use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), with their unpredictable nature, complicates its optimal functionality and challenges the accurate modeling and optimization of REH. This work proposed a stochastic model for REH using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) to optimally handle the associated uncertainties of RES and PEHVs, which was then solved using GAMS software. Four case studies with varying conditions were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed scheme, and the results indicate that the approach is superior in optimally handling the system's associated limitations.

Trends in coronary artery disease mortality among hyperlipidemic patients: Geographic, gender, and racial insights from CDC WONDER data (1999-2020).

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) in hyperlipidemia is a significant cause of mortality among adults in the United States. This study investigates trends in CAD-related mortality in hyperlipidemia among adults aged 25 and older, focusing on geographic, gender, and racial/ethnic disparities from 1999 to 2020.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the CDC WONDER database from 1999 to 2020.

Mechanistic insights into the visible light photocatalytic activity of g-CN/BiOCO-BiO composites for rhodamine B degradation and hexavalent chromium reduction.

The two-dimensional layered structure of g-CN (GCN) has drawn a lot of attention in the field of photocatalysis due to its good thermochemical stability, large surface area, and environmental friendliness. A wide bandgap of GCN restricts its absorption to UV light and a limited portion of visible light; therefore, its bandgap engineering by coupling it with a suitable semiconductor can offer the utilization of a wider spectrum of incident light and a lower electron-hole recombination rate. In this study, GCN is coupled with mixed-phase BiOCO-BiO (BO) in different weight percentages (wt%) to find the optimal loading of BO for maximum photocatalytic degradation.

Development of sulfonated polystyrene resin-supported tungsten oxide for Pb ion sequestration.

A sulfonated polystyrene resin-supported tungsten oxide (SO-PSWO) was synthesized and evaluated for its efficiency in removing lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. Morphology, phase purity, structural properties, thermal stability, and elemental composition of SO-PSWO, are evaluated using SEM, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and CHNS analyzers. The ICP-OES technique was utilized for quantitative measurements of the Pb ions.

Longitudinal trends in heart failure mortality linked to coronary artery disease among adults 65 years and older.

Background: Heart failure (HF) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality among older adults in the United States. This study examines trends in HF with CAD-related mortality among adults aged 65 and older.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using the CDC WONDER database death certificates from 1999 to 2020.

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome (JLNS) in a 13-Year-Old Girl: A Rare Case Report.

JLNS is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and a prolonged QTc interval, leading to life-threatening arrhythmias. Early diagnosis, beta-blocker therapy, lifestyle modifications, and consideration of ICD surgery are critical in managing sudden cardiac death risk.

Acute myocardial infarction-related mortality among older adults (≥65 years) with malignancy in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020.

Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in malignancy is a global threat, causing significant mortality and economic burden. They share common risk factors, highlighting the urgency of addressing this critical issue.

Objective: This study analyzed demographic trends and disparities in mortality rates due to AMI in malignancy among adults aged 65 and older from 1999 to 2020.

Revolutionizing electrocardiography: the role of artificial intelligence in modern cardiac diagnostics.

Electrocardiography (ECG) remains a cornerstone of non-invasive cardiac diagnostics, yet manual interpretation poses challenges due to its complexity and time consumption. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly through Deep Learning (DL) models, has revolutionized ECG analysis by enabling automated, high-precision diagnostics. This review highlights the recent advancements in AI-driven ECG applications, focusing on arrhythmia detection, abnormal beat classification, and the prediction of structural heart diseases.

Understanding Mortality Patterns in Elderly Cancer Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Comprehensive Data Analysis.

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) among patients with cancer is a significant health concern for older adults in the United States. This study analyzes trends and demographic disparities in mortality rates related to AF in patients with cancer aged 65+.

Methods: The CDC WONDER database was used to analyze Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) for to AF in patients with cancer (ICD-10 I48, C00- C97) from 1999 to 2023, stratified by sex, race, geography, and metropolitan status.

Ingestible Smart Capsules for Chemical Sensing in the Gut.

The development of novel ingestible sensors can aid physicians and patients in obtaining precise data on the health status of the gut at a local level. This in turn can facilitate earlier and more accurate disease diagnosis, improve the delivery of point-of-care medicine, and allow monitoring of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract status. This Tutorial overviews characteristics of the gut for inexpert readers and reviews emerging chemical sensing technologies for the GI tract from an analytical chemistry viewpoint.

Ideal burn resuscitation: a step toward resolving the dilemma in acute flame burn management.

Following severe burns, the predominant concern is significant fluid loss, for which balanced crystalloid solutions are widely recommended as the primary intravenous resuscitation fluids. However, current literature lacks a clear distinction among various buffered crystalloid types that might be most effective in the early resuscitation of burn patients. This retrospective study was conducted to identify the optimal resuscitation fluid for major burns and to assess the clinical outcomes associated with isotonic crystalloid solutions compared to hypotonic crystalloids, specifically in terms of urinary output, acid-base balance, and electrolyte stability.

Trends in stroke-related mortality in atrial fibrillation patients in the United States: Insights from the CDC WONDER database.

Background: Stroke associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) is a significant cause of mortality. This study analyzed demographic trends and disparities in mortality rates due to stroke in AF patients aged ≥25 years.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to acquire death data using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention database from 1999 to 2020.

An adaptive neural network approach for resilient leader-following consensus control of multi-agent systems under cyber-attacks.

This paper addresses the dynamic neural networks (DNNs) based resilient leader-following consensus control of multi-agent systems (MASs) under unidentified false data injection (FDI) attacks. We have examined generic linear leader-following agents in the context of stochastic FDI attacks on the network topology. When information is sent from one agent to another, it is altered as a result of the attacks.

A high sensitivity, low cost and fully decoupled multi-axis capacitive tactile force sensor for robotic surgical systems.

This paper presents the design of a multi-axis capacitive tactile force sensor with a fully decoupled output response for input normal and shear forces. A patterned elastomer is used as a dielectric layer between capacitive electrodes of the sensor that allows to achieve relatively higher sensitivity. The sensor is fabricated utilizing a low-cost rapid prototyping technique and is characterized for normal and shear forces in the range of 0 ~ 10 N and 0 ~ 3.

Quintuplet pregnancy: a case report from Pakistan.

Introduction And Importance: Quintuplet pregnancies are exceptionally rare outcomes of fertility treatments, that is clomiphene citrate therapy. These high-order multiple pregnancies carry significant risks for both maternal and neonatal health, necessitating specialized care to manage complications effectively.

Case Presentation: A 26-year-old woman, gravida three para two, presented with preterm labor at 32 weeks gestation following clomiphene citrate self-medication.

Towards the Development of the Clinical Decision Support System for the Identification of Respiration Diseases via Lung Sound Classification Using 1D-CNN.

Respiratory disorders are commonly regarded as complex disorders to diagnose due to their multi-factorial nature, encompassing the interplay between hereditary variables, comorbidities, environmental exposures, and therapies, among other contributing factors. This study presents a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) for the early detection of respiratory disorders using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model. The ICBHI 2017 Breathing Sound Database, which contains samples of different breathing sounds, was used in this research.

Coupling Taguchi experimental designs with deep adaptive learning enhanced AI process models for experimental cost savings in manufacturing process development.

The Aluminum alloy AA7075 workpiece material is observed under dry finishing turning operation. This work is an investigation reporting promising potential of deep adaptive learning enhanced artificial intelligence process models for L (63) Taguchi orthogonal array experiments and major cost saving potential in machining process optimization. Six different tool inserts are used as categorical parameter along with three continuous operational parameters i.

Artificial intelligence-driven transformations in diabetes care: a comprehensive literature review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in healthcare for diagnosis, treatments, disease management, and for studying underlying mechanisms and disease complications in diseases like diabetes and metabolic disorders. This review is a comprehensive overview of various applications of AI in the healthcare system for managing diabetes. A literature search was conducted on PubMed to locate studies integrating AI in the diagnosis, treatment, management and prevention of diabetes.