Dynamics of urinary tract infections: a comprehensive study on antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence profiling and molecular epidemiology of uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Pakistan.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), primarily caused by Escherichia coli, pose a global health challenge owing to rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly carbapenem-resistant (Carb-RT) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). This study analyzed AMR trends, virulence determinants, and molecular epidemiology of UPEC isolates from community and hospital settings in Pakistan.

Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiling of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in community and hospital settings in Pakistan.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose escalating challenges in resource-limited settings. This cross-sectional study addresses critical gaps in molecular surveillance by directly comparing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genotypes, virulence factors, and resistance phenotypes of K. pneumoniae isolates from community (CA-UTI) and hospital-acquired (HA) UTI.

Carbapenem-Resistant Complex Isolates Carrying and in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients and Contaminated Ventilator Tubing.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) represents an important nosocomial infection, frequently encountered in intensive care unit (ICU) settings which results in prolonged hospitals stays. The nosocomial infections caused by complex (BCC) bacteria pose a significant challenge in healthcare settings owing to their intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. This study investigates the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance among BCC bacteria from VAP patients and the ventilator tubing.

Distribution of multidrug-resistant in poultry, livestock, fish, and the related environment: One Health heed.

Background And Aim: The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) in food-producing animals and their associated environments is a growing public health concern. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry exacerbates resistance development, posing significant threats to food safety and sustainability. This study investigates the distribution, antibiotic resistance patterns, and virulence-associated genes (VAGs) of isolated from poultry, livestock, fish, and their environments in Pakistan under a One Health perspective.

Characterizing the bacteriophage PKp-V1 as a potential treatment for ESBL-producing hypervirulent K1 ST258 isolated from veterinary specimens.

Background And Aim: The dearth of new antibiotics necessitates alternative approaches for managing infections caused by resistant superbugs. This study aimed to evaluate the lytic potential of the purified bacteriophage PKp-V1 against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) harboring hypervirulent (hvKp)-K1 recovered from veterinary specimens.

Materials And Methods: A total of 50 samples were collected from various veterinary specimens to isolate , followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular detection of various virulence and ESBL genes.

AMR and Sustainable Development Goals: at a crossroads.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, primarily stemming from its misuse and overuse in both veterinary and public healthcare systems. The consequences of AMR are severe, leading to more severe infections, increased health protection costs, prolonged hospital stays, unresponsive treatments, and elevated fatality rates. The impact of AMR is direct and far-reaching, particularly affecting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), underscoring the urgency for concerted global actions to achieve these objectives.

A Health Threat from Farm to Fork: Shiga Toxin-Producing Co-Harboring and in Various Sources of the Food Supply Chain.

The dissemination of resistant pathogens through food supply chains poses a significant public health risk, spanning from farm to fork. This study analyzed the distribution of Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) across various sources within the animal-based food supply chain. A total of 500 samples were collected from livestock, poultry, the environment, fisheries, and dairy.

Exploring the antimicrobial efficacy of Manuka honey against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Typhi causing septicemia in Pakistan.

To determine the efficacy of manuka honey against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) clinical strains of Typhi. Clinical isolates were processed using the Bactec blood culture system, identification and antibiogram by Vitek 2 and antibiotic resistance genes through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microbroth dilution assays evaluated the antibacterial activity of manuka honey.

Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus infected cervical biopsies samples by immunohistochemical expression of the p16 tumor marker.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women worldwide. It is widely accepted that the main cause of cervical cancer, especially in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, is the infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The current screening and diagnostic methods face several challenges in accurately detecting the various types of lesions caused by HPV.

Co-Occurrence of and Carbapenem Resistance in Avian Pathogenic Serogroup O78 ST95 from Colibacillosis-Infected Broiler Chickens.

Avian pathogenic (APEC) is responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry. This study aimed to molecularly detect carbapenem-resistant co-harboring mcr-1 avian pathogenic in broiler chickens infected with colibacillosis. A total of 750 samples were collected from colibacillosis-infected broilers, and conventional microbiological techniques were used to isolate and identify APEC.

Distribution of Harboring Hypervirulent in Clinical Specimens and Lytic Activity of Bacteriophage Against Isolates.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the multi-drug resistant (MDR) as one of the critical bacterial pathogens. The dearth of new antibiotics and inadequate therapeutic options necessitate finding alternative options. Bacteriophages are known as enemies of bacteria and are well-recognized to fight MDR pathogens.

Distribution and genetic diversity of multi-drug-resistant at the human-animal-environment interface in Pakistan.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is ubiquitous and known to be a notorious pathogen of humans, animals, and plant-based foods. is a recognized trafficker of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) between and from different ecological niches. A total of 775 samples ( = 775) were collected from September 2017 to August 2019 from humans, animals, and environmental sources by applying the random convenient sampling technique.

Multilocus Sequence Typing of Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates Harboring and in Cattle from Punjab, Pakistan.

is a notorious bacterial pathogen that can cause an array of nosocomial infections in clinical settings. However, the data from the veterinary settings is limited and especially in Pakistan, no such study is conducted so far. To investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and distribution of specific sequence types of in cattle, a total of 1,960 samples were collected from cattle over 18 months from Punjab, Pakistan.

The occurrence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. The resource constraints make it difficult to diagnose and monitor the cases of MDR-TB. GeneXpert is a recognized tool used to diagnose the patients of pulmonary tuberculosis in clinical settings across the globe.

Isolates Harboring Variants and 16S Methylases Belonging to Clonal Complex 131 in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant (CREC) especially harboring the New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase () variants are increasingly being reported from many countries, however, the data from Pakistan is limited. In the present study, 109 CREC isolates were obtained from 4,091 isolates in five tertiary care hospitals in southern Punjab, Pakistan. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and screening for the resistance determinants were performed followed by typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to characterize the CREC strains.

Antibiotic Resistance: One Health One World Outlook.

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a growing public health concern worldwide, and it is now regarded as a critical One Health issue. One Health's interconnected domains contribute to the emergence, evolution, and spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms on a local and global scale, which is a significant risk factor for global health. The persistence and spread of resistant microbial species, and the association of determinants at the human-animal-environment interface can alter microbial genomes, resulting in resistant superbugs in various niches.

Transcriptional Response of Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates to Ciprofloxacin Stress.

Background: The term "persisters" refers to a small bacterial population that persists during treatment with high antibiotic concentration or dose in the absence of genetic resistance. The present study was designed to investigate the transcriptional response in indigenous under the ciprofloxacin stress.

Methods: Isolation and identification of were carried out through standard microbiological protocols.

Isolation, Characterization of Zn Solubilizing Bacterium ( RY2) and its Contribution in Growth of Chickpea ( L) as Deciphered by Improved Growth Parameters and Zn Content.

Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for optimum plant growth. Zinc-solubilizing bacteria convert applied inorganic zinc to available forms that could be used by plants. In present study, experiments were conducted to isolate, characterize, and evaluate Zn solubilization potential of different bacteria.

The prospects of antimicrobial coated medical implants.

The implants are increasingly being a part of modern medicine in various surgical procedures for functional or cosmetic purposes. The progressive use of implants is associated with increased infectious complications and prevention of such infections always remains precedence in the clinical settings. The preventive approaches include the systemic administration of antimicrobial agents before and after the surgical procedures as well as the local application of antibiotics.

Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles against metallo-β-lactamase (blaNDM, blaVIM, blaOXA) producing clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major concern in the public health sector, primarily in developing countries such as Pakistan. Therefore, novel approaches such as Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used to address emerging concerns. Clinical isolates (n=200) were reconfirmed using selective media and API 20NE kit.

Molecular detection of extensively drug-resistant Typhi and carbapenem-resistant pathogens in pediatric septicemia patients in Pakistan - a public health concern.

To determine the prevalence of multidrug (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens from pediatric blood samples In total, 4543 children's blood samples were processed in the BacT/ALERT system. Confirmation of the isolates and MIC was determined in VITEK 2 system. Molecular identification of , and was done by PCR.