Carbapenem-Resistant Complex Isolates Carrying and in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Patients and Contaminated Ventilator Tubing.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) represents an important nosocomial infection, frequently encountered in intensive care unit (ICU) settings which results in prolonged hospitals stays. The nosocomial infections caused by complex (BCC) bacteria pose a significant challenge in healthcare settings owing to their intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics. This study investigates the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance among BCC bacteria from VAP patients and the ventilator tubing.

Screening for subclinical genital herpes in pregnant females - A neglected practice.

Objective: The present study was aimed to screen the Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in cervical smears of clinically suspicious to asymptomatic pregnant women of local population.

Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Histopathology, University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan from August 2021 to September 2022. A total of N=120 cervical smears were taken from the pregnant females of gestation age 18-38 weeks, visiting the outpatient department (OPD) of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Jinnah Hospital Lahore.

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases among extensively drug-resistant clinical isolates from Lahore, Pakistan.

The study determines rates of carbapenem resistance (CR) and frequency of in multidrug-resistance (MDR) or extensive drug resistance (XDR), and evaluates the potential of phenotypic tests for detecting NDM production. Singleplex PCR was used to detect . Phenotypic tests, including combination disc test (CDST) and modified Hodge test (MHT), were evaluated for NDM production.

Cervical cancer screening practices in HIV positive females - a missing link in health care delivery in Pakistan.

Objectives: To probe cervical cancer screening practices in local women positive for human immunodeficiency virus, and to determine the cervical cytological changes in them.

Methods: The serial cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jinnah Hospital and Services Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from April 2019 to October 2020, and comprised female patients aged 18-45 years who were positive for human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and were registered with the relevant programme being run by the provincial government in Punjab. Blood samples of all the patients were collected for the determination of human immunodeficiency virus viral load and cluster of differentiation 4+ count.

Prevalence of Human Papilloma virus in potentially malignant oral disorders is a risk factor for development of early dysplasia-A cytological investigation.

Objective: The proposed study was planned to screen Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) status in potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) and correlated HPV positivity with cytological changes in oral smears.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Health Sciences Lahore, Pakistan from April 2020 to April 2021. Oral smears from N=162 patients with PMODs were taken by the Cytobrush and Manual Liquid Based Cytology was performed followed by p16 antibody detection on immunohistochemistry and HPV-DNA detection by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Pharmacological Role of (Forssk.) Edgew in Preventing Cyclophosphamide-induced Myelosuppression and Modulating Innate and Adaptive Immune Response.

Background: (Forssk.) Edgew is reported to be practiced in the traditional system of medicine for the management of various immunological pathologies.

Purpose: The current study was designed to evaluate the modulatory effects of on different immune responses.

Geometry-Aware Merge Tree Comparisons for Time-Varying Data With Interleaving Distances.

Merge trees, a type of topological descriptors, serve to identify and summarize the topological characteristics associated with scalar fields. They have great potential for analyzing and visualizing time-varying data. First, they give compressed and topology-preserving representations of data instances.

GeneXpert Technology for the diagnosis of HIV-associated tuberculosis: Is scale-up worth it?

Recent evaluations of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for the simultaneous detection of and drug resistance in less than 2 h have stimulated tremendous enthusiasm. This is the breakthrough that tuberculosis (TB) control has been waiting for. In this (retrospective review) case study, sputum samples from strongly suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients were collected and assessed for the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosing TB and drug resistance in comparison with other tests, including Ziehl-Neelsen smear and Löwenstein-Jensen test.

Sequence Types Harboring Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes and 16SrRNA Methylase; a Multicenter Study from Pakistan.

Introduction: The aminoglycosides are widely used for the therapeutic management of infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, including the strains. However, the resistance to the members of the aminoglycoside family, such as amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, is increasingly being common among the clinical isolates.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the presence of 16SrRNA methylases and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) genes among aminoglycoside resistant isolates and to study the genetic diversity of the clinical population of in local hospitals.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Punjab, Pakistan.

Introduction: The multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates have been increasingly reported from the Asian and African countries. The emergence of isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins has worsened the situation. Recently, an outbreak from Sindh, Pakistan was reported caused by extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S.

Distribution of , , and genes in Extended-spectrum--lactamase-producing Clinical isolates: A three-year multi-center study from Lahore, Pakistan.

Background: Frequency of extended-spectrum--lactamase-producing clinical isolates is increasing worldwide. This is a multi-center study which was aimed to check the frequency of third-generation cephalosporin resistance and distribution of the key genetic determinants of Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Clinical isolates in Pakistan.

Methods: A total of 2372 samples were processed in three tertiary care hospitals and one diagnostic research center of Lahore, Pakistan during Aug-2014 to Sep-2017.

Acinetobacter Spp: Resistance and therapeutic decisions at the turn of the novel millennium.

This study was planned to evaluate sample wise isolation and antimicrobial resistant trends of Acinetobacter spp in different departments of a tertiary care hospital. This was a transversal descriptive study, carried out in the clinical microbiology laboratory of the Allama Iqbal Medical College/ Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, during the period of January 2015 to December 2016. Every clinical specimen was processed for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibly testing.

High frequency and molecular epidemiology of metallo-β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan.

Background: Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates have a strong impact on diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. A high frequency of MBL-producing gram-negative bacilli has been reported worldwide. The current study was based on determining the incidence of MBL-producing imipenem-resistant clinical isolates and investigating the β-lactamase gene variants in strains conferring resistance to a carbapenem drug (imipenem).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Evaluation of Pathogen Burden and Drug-Resistance Trends in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Objective: To evaluate the pathogen burden and antibiotic-resistance trends of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among hospitalised patients at a tertiary care hospital.

Study Design: Retrospective, hospital record-based, cross-sectional study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Allama Iqbal Medical College/Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, from January 2014 to December 2016.

False Negativity of Ziehl-Neelsen Smear Microscopy: Is the Scale-up the Worth It in Developing Countries?

Objective: To evaluate the false negative results of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) smear microscopy.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Mycobacteriology Laboratory, Allama Iqbal Medical College (AIMC) and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore (JHL), Pakistan, from February 2014 to August 2016.

Silent killers: Transfusion Transmissible Infections-TTI, among asymptomatic population of Pakistan.

Objective: To analyse transfusion transmissible infections in asymptomatic population.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Allama Iqbal Medical College and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from December 2014 to November 2015, and comprised healthy asymptomatic blood donors.Every sample was screened for the presence of antibodies/antigens of hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, treponemapallidum, hepatitis B virus and malaria parasite through rapid immunochromatographic technique.

Anti-diabetic and spasmolytic potential of Farsetia hamiltonii Royle from Cholistan desert.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Folk herbal practitioners of the Cholistan desert claim Farsetia hamiltonii Royle (Brassicaceae) to treat diabetes, oxidative damages, diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. The aim of this study was to scientifically find the potential of Farsetia hamiltonii in treating diabetes and gastrointestinal diseases.

Materials And Methods: In vivo anti-diabetic activity of Farsetia hamiltonii was studied on alloxan induced diabetic rats to justify its traditional use.