Global variation in antibiotic prescribing guidelines and the implications for decreasing AMR in the future.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global burden, with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing being an important contributing factor. Antibiotic prescribing guidelines play an important role in improving the quality of antibiotic use, provided they are evidence-based and regularly updated. As a result, they help reduce AMR, which is a critical challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Progress on the Global Research Agenda for Antimicrobial Resistance in Human Health in Pakistan: Findings and Implications.

Background And Objective: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a formidable challenge to global public health, with low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) including Pakistan being particularly vulnerable. This study assesses the progress made in Pakistan following the Global Research Agenda for AMR, which builds on the key activities and goals of its national action plan to reduce AMR. The intention is to identify key gaps, achievements, and future areas of focus to help reduce rising AMR rates in Pakistan.

Facile synthesis of aminobiphenyl sulfonamides via Chan-Lam coupling and their biological evaluation as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Inhibition of carbonic anhydrases (EC 4.2.1.

Surge of branded generics and antimicrobial resistance: analyzing the antibiotic market dynamics in Pakistan through the WHO essential medicines and AWaRe lens.

Background: Access to safe and effective antibiotics is crucial in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) coupled with reducing their overuse to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We sought to systematically analyze the extent of branded generic antibiotics in Pakistan, particularly Watch antibiotics, given concerns with AMR in Pakistan.

Research Design And Methods: Data on registered antibiotics was collected from the Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) and the Pharmaguides.

Genomic characterization of plasmids harboring and carbapenemase alleles in clinical in Pakistan.

Unlabelled: is notorious for causing healthcare-associated infections, which become more complicated by the acquisition of genes via mobile genetic elements. Although Pakistan is a well-established hot spot of -positive , detailed molecular descriptions of -carrying plasmids are scarce. Seven isolates harboring were recovered from clinical sample sources during a 6 month period and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.

Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a major global health threat, driven in part by the inappropriate use of antibiotics including in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Improving the quality of antibiotic use is a key rationale for the development of the WHO's AWaRe (Access, Watch and Reserve) system. There is a need to review the uptake of the AWaRe system since its launch to guide future practice.

Identifying targets for antibiotic stewardship interventions in pediatric patients in Punjab, Pakistan: point prevalence surveys using AWaRe guidance.

Introduction: Surveillance of antibiotic use is crucial for identifying targets for antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs), particularly in pediatric populations within countries like Pakistan, where antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is escalating. This point prevalence survey (PPS) seeks to assess the patterns of antibiotic use in pediatric patients across Punjab, Pakistan, employing the WHO AWaRe classification to pinpoint targets for intervention and encourage rational antibiotic usage.

Methods: A PPS was conducted across 23 pediatric wards of 14 hospitals in the Punjab Province of Pakistan using the standardized Global-PPS methodology developed by the University of Antwerp.

Food Safety Concerns in Pakistan: Monitoring of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria and Residue Contamination in Commercially Available Fish and Poultry Meat Samples.

Food safety is a critical issue in the 21st century due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing harmful foodborne diseases. This comprehensive study meticulously examined the presence of bacterial isolates, quinolone residue, and antimicrobial resistance genes in samples of broiler and fish meat. Forty samples were collected from various locations in the Faisalabad metropolis.

Uncovering Antiviral Potential of Cistus Ladanifer Extracts Against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by In Vitro and In Silico Analysis.

Infectious diseases remain a major global health concern, leading to widespread complications and fatalities worldwide. Exploring the bioavailability of therapeutic compounds in traditional healing medicinal plants presents a promising approach to preventing and treating infectious diseases. Cistus ladanifer, a plant commonly employed in Moroccan traditional medicine, has been identified as a potential antiviral candidate.

SLNP-based CDK4- targeted nanotherapy against glioblastoma.

Introduction: Glioblastoma is a grade IV solid brain tumor and has a 15-month survival rate even after treatment. Glioblastoma development is heavily influenced by retinoblastoma protein (pRB) pathway changes. The blood-brain barrier, drug resistance, and severe toxicity of Temozolamide are key obstacles in treating glioblastoma.

Facile Synthesis of -(4-Bromo-3-methylphenyl)pyrazine-2-carboxamide Derivatives, Their Antibacterial Activities against Clinically Isolated XDR , Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitor Activities, and Docking Studies.

The emergence of extensively drug-resistant Typhi (XDR-) poses a grave public health threat due to its resistance to fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins. This resistance significantly complicates treatment options, underscoring the urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we synthesized pyrazine carboxamides (-) in good yields through the Suzuki reaction.

Exploring the antimicrobial efficacy of Manuka honey against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Typhi causing septicemia in Pakistan.

To determine the efficacy of manuka honey against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) clinical strains of Typhi. Clinical isolates were processed using the Bactec blood culture system, identification and antibiogram by Vitek 2 and antibiotic resistance genes through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microbroth dilution assays evaluated the antibacterial activity of manuka honey.

Facile Synthesis of 5-Bromo--Alkylthiophene-2-Sulfonamides and Its Activities Against Clinically Isolated New Delhi Metallo--Lactamase Producing ST147.

Introduction: New Delhi Metallo--lactamase producing (NDM-1-KP) sequence type (ST) 147 poses a significant threat in clinical settings due to its evolution into two distinct directions: hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance. Hypervirulence results from a range of virulence factors, while carbapenem resistance stems from complex biological mechanisms. The NDM-1-KP ST147 clone has emerged as a recent addition to the family of successful clones within the species.

Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl 5-Bromothiophene-2-Carboxylates; Antibacterial Activities against Typhi, Validation via Docking Studies, Pharmacokinetics, and Structural Features Determination through DFT.

A new class of thiophene-based molecules of 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid () have been synthesized in current research work. All analogs - were synthesized with optimized conditions by coupling reactions of 2-ethylhexyl 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylate () with various arylboronic acids. The results indicated that the majority of compounds showed promising effective in vitro antibacterial activity.

Apolipoprotein E Gene Variation in Pakistani Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Cardiovascular Complications.

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern worldwide, including in Pakistan. Cardiovascular problems linked with T2DM have a significant impact on individuals and society.

The Rising Tide of Antibiotic Resistance: A Study on Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: The global spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) poses a significant concern. Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes leads to resistance against several antibiotics, limiting treatment options. We aimed to study ESBL-producing and CRE transmission in clinical settings.

-Heterocycles as Promising Antiviral Agents: A Comprehensive Overview.

Viruses are a real threat to every organism at any stage of life leading to extensive infections and casualties. -heterocycles can affect the viral life cycle at many points, including viral entrance into host cells, viral genome replication, and the production of novel viral species. Certain -heterocycles can also stimulate the host's immune system, producing antiviral cytokines and chemokines that can stop the reproduction of viruses.

Anti-ulcerative colitis effects of chemically characterized extracts from C in acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease that involves inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum. To date, no definite cure for this disease is available. The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of on inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress markers for the exploration of its anti-ulcerative colitis activity in rat models of acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis.

Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus infected cervical biopsies samples by immunohistochemical expression of the p16 tumor marker.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women worldwide. It is widely accepted that the main cause of cervical cancer, especially in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, is the infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The current screening and diagnostic methods face several challenges in accurately detecting the various types of lesions caused by HPV.

Tackling antimicrobial resistance in primary care facilities across Pakistan: Current challenges and implications for the future.

Antibiotics are gradually becoming less effective against bacteria worldwide, and this issue is of particular concern in economically-developing nations like Pakistan. We undertook a scoping review in order to review the literature on antimicrobial use, prescribing, dispensing and the challenges associated with antimicrobial resistance in primary care (PC) settings in Pakistan. Furthermore, this review aims to identify potential solutions to promote appropriate use of antimicrobials in Pakistan.

Antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical characteristics of multidrug-resistant polymicrobial infections in Pakistan, a retrospective study 2019-2021.

We determined the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in polymicrobial pathogens in Pakistan. A total of 70,518 clinical samples were collected aseptically and confirmation of isolates and antibiogram were performed by the VITEK 2 system. Of 70,518 samples, 441 (0.

Outbreak investigation of NDM-producing causing neonatal sepsis in Pakistan.

To investigate the outbreak of complex (BCC), mortality, antimicrobial resistance and associated risk factors in the neonatal intensive care unit. Eighteen blood culture samples from neonates and twenty swab samples from different neonatal intensive care unit surfaces were collected. The VITEK 2 was used to confirm the isolates and generate the antibiogram.

Co-existence of NDM-, aminoglycoside- and fluoroquinolone-resistant genes in carbapenem-resistant clinical isolates from Pakistan.

To determine the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant genes in carbapenem-resistant (CRECO). A total of 290 carbapenem-resistant bacteria were collected from tertiary care hospitals in Lahore (Pakistan). These isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight.

Synthesis, Anti-Bacterial and Molecular Docking Studies of Arylated Butyl 2-Bromoisonicotinate Against Clinical Isolates of ESBL-Producing ST405 and Methicillin-Resistant .

Introduction: Global public health concerns include the emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-). These pathogens cause infections that are difficult to treat, which can have fatal outcomes and require lengthy hospital stays. As a result, we created butyl 2-bromoisonicotinate and tested its antibacterial effectiveness against the ESBL- ST 405 and MRSA pathogens.