Tramadol induces hormonal imbalance, histopathology, and altered ovarian gene expression in mice.

Objective: Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with a modest opioid effect similar to morphine and codeine, but less potent; it is mainly prescribed for the treatment of mild to moderate pain. Tramadol exhibits both opioid and non-opioid properties, primarily affecting the central nervous system. Accordingly, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of tramadol on female reproductive function and ovarian toxicity, as well as to examine oocyte survival and follicular development in mice exposed to tramadol.

The protective effect of bromelain on testicular dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by REM sleep deprivation in adult male rats.

Male infertility is a significant global health concern, with sleep deprivation emerging as a potential contributing factor due to its impact on oxidative stress and reproductive function. This study investigates the protective effects of bromelain, a natural anti-inflammatory enzyme, on testicular dysfunction induced by Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation in adult male rats. Thirty-six rats were divided into control, REM sleep-deprived (REM-dep), and REM-deprived with bromelain treatment (REM-dep+Br) groups.

Vimentin as a contributing factor in SARS-CoV-2-induced orchitis on postmortem testicular autopsy of COVID-19 cases: A case-control study.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in China in late December 2019 and led to a pandemic that resulted in millions of confirmed cases and deaths. The causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), uses distinct receptors and co-receptors to enter host cells. Vimentin has emerged as a potential co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2 due to the high level of vimentin expression in testis tissue.

Elderberry diet improves sperm quality and histological parameters of testicular tissue in adult male rats exposed to methamphetamine.

Psychotropic stimulants like methamphetamine (METH) have an impact on the physiology, behavior, and psychology of human beings and can damage the reproductive and neuroendocrine systems in them. These deleterious impacts include a temporary drop in the relative weight of the testis along with adverse effects on spermatogenesis. Sambucus nigra, also known as elderberry (EB) or sweet elder, is a source of bioactive compounds that has drawn growing attention for its potential beneficial impact in preventing and treating several diseases.

Photobiomodulation and mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium for the repair of experimental critical-size defects.

Orthopedic surgeons face a significant challenge in treating critical-size femoral defects (CSFD) caused by osteoporosis (OP), trauma, infection, or bone tumor resections. In this study for the first time, the application of photobiomodulation (PBM) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (BM-MSC-CM) to improve the osteogenic characteristics of mineralized bone scaffold (MBS) in ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic (OVX) rats with a CSFD was tested. Five groups of OVX rats with CSFD were created: (1) Control (C); (2) MBS; (3) MBS + CM; (4) MBS + PBM; (5) MBS + CM + PBM.

Elderberry diet enhances motor performance and reduces neuroinflammation-induced cell death in cerebellar ataxia rat models.

Cerebellar ataxia (CA) is a condition in which cerebellar dysfunction results in movement disorders such as dysmetria, synergy and dysdiadochokinesia. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of elderberry (EB) diet on the 3-acetylpyridine-induced (3-AP) CA rat model. First, CA rat models were generated by 3-AP administration followed by elderberry diet treatment containing 2 % EB for 8 consecutive weeks.

The elderberry diet protection against intrahippocampal Aβ-induced memory dysfunction; the abrogated apoptosis and neuroinflammation.

This study evaluates whether elderberry (EB) effectively decreases the inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain cells to reduce Aβ toxicity. In the Aβ + EB group, EB powder was added to rats' routine diet for eight consecutive weeks. Then, spatial memory, working memory, and long-term memory, were measured using the Morris water maze, T-maze, and passive avoidance test.

Retinoic acid loaded with chitosan nanoparticles improves spermatogenesis in scrotal hyperthermia in mice.

Objective: High temperatures can trigger cellular oxidative stress and disrupt spermatogenesis, potentially leading to male infertility. We investigated the effects of retinoic acid (RA), chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs), and retinoic acid loaded with chitosan nanoparticles (RACHNPs) on spermatogenesis in mice induced by scrotal hyperthermia (Hyp).

Methods: Thirty mice (weighing 25 to 30 g) were divided into five experimental groups of six mice each.

3-acetylpyridine induced behavioral dysfunction and neuronal loss in the striatum and hippocampus of adult male rats.

3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) is a neurotoxin that is known to mainly affect the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) in the brain stem. Although several studies have explored the effect of this neurotoxin, still further investigation is required to understand the impact of this toxin on different parts of the brain. In this research, two groups of rats were studied, the 3-AP-treated and the control groups.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of elderberry diet in the rat model of seizure: a behavioral and histological investigation on the hippocampus.

The present study was designed to evaluate whether elderberry (EB) effectively reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in hippocampal cells to modify seizure damage. Seizure was induced in rats by the injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). In the Seizure + EB group, EB powder was added to the rats' routine diet for eight consecutive weeks.

Exposure to different PM extracts induces gliosis and changes behavior in male rats similar to autism spectrum disorders features.

Epidemiological studies have documented that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) could affect neurodevelopment, thereby leading to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Nevertheless, there is little laboratory data to support this epidemiological evidence. In the current study, we carried out a series of experiments to assess whether developmental exposures to different extracts of PM can result in ASD-like behavioral, biochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics in male rat offspring.

Tramadol induces apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rat choroid plexus.

Background: The choroid plexus (CP) is the principal source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It can produce and release a wide range of materials, including growth and neurotrophic factors which have a crucial role in the maintenance and proper functioning of the brain. Tramadol is a synthetic analog of codeine, mainly prescribed to alleviate mild to moderate pains.