A global aerosol model based on the analysis of 30-year ground measurements from AERONET (AEROEX model): Implications for satellite-derived aerosol retrievals.

The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET), established in 1993, now spreads across 900 global sites, has about three decades of ground-based aerosol measurements. An aerosol model characterizes the physical and optical properties of atmospheric particles used in satellite and ground-based retrievals and climate simulations. Earlier aerosol models, developed using limited data (∼10-12 years, ∼250 sites), could not capture recent environmental shifts and associated changes in aerosol emissions driven by industrialization, land use changes, intensified wildfires, and dust storms.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Environmental Monitoring: A Paradigm Shift in Data-Driven Sustainability.

Environmental monitoring is essential for understanding and minimizing human impact on ecosystems. Traditional methods like manual sampling and laboratory testing, while accurate, are often costly, time-consuming, and difficult to scale, especially in low-resource settings. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly addressing these limitations by enabling automated data collection, real-time analysis, and predictive modeling.

Innovative Nanocarriers: Magnetosomes in the Fight against Cancer.

Recent advancements in medication formulations and drug delivery systems over the past two decades have improved patient adherence and pharmacological responses. Efficient, target-specific medication delivery remains challenging, with many current systems designed to minimize drug loss and degradation. Magnetosomes, as nanocarriers, show promise for delivering antibodies, vaccine DNA, and siRNA, enhancing the stability of chemotherapeutics, and enabling targeted delivery to malignant tumors.

Chromatin interaction maps of human arterioles reveal mechanisms for the genetic regulation of blood pressure.

Arterioles are small blood vessels located just upstream of capillaries in nearly all tissues. Despite the broad and essential role of arterioles in physiology and disease, current knowledge of the functional genomics of arterioles is largely absent. Here, we report extensive maps of chromatin interactions, single-cell expression, and other molecular features in human arterioles and uncover mechanisms linking human genetic variants to gene expression in vascular cells and the development of hypertension.

Physiological role and mechanisms of action for a long noncoding haplotype region.

Direct targeting of noncoding genomic regions harboring common sequence variants associated with human traits through in vivo animal model studies and precise genome editing in human cells is essential for closing the critical gap between genetic discoveries and physiological understanding. However, such investigation has been impractical for many of these variants as they are in haplotypes containing multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning thousands of base pairs and have small effect sizes. We developed an integrated approach to address this challenge, combining an efficient two-step technique to precisely edit large haplotypes in human induced pluripotent stem cells and orthologous region deletion in phenotypically permissive animal models.

Transforming Pharmacogenomics and CRISPR Gene Editing with the Power of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicine.

: Advancements in pharmacogenomics, artificial intelligence (AI), and CRISPR gene-editing technology are revolutionizing precision medicine by enabling highly individualized therapeutic strategies. Artificial intelligence-driven computational techniques improve biomarker discovery and drug optimization while pharmacogenomics helps to identify genetic polymorphisms affecting medicine metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity. Genetically editing based on CRISPR presents a precise method for changing gene expression and repairing damaging mutations.

Integrating AI/ML and multi-omics approaches to investigate the role of TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1 and its potential targets in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival of under 10 % despite current therapies. Aggressive tumor biology, a desmoplastic stroma that limits drug delivery and immune cell infiltration, and profound resistance to apoptosis make it more complex to treat. Here, we describe a multi-layered system biology and drug discovery pipeline that integrates bulk genomics, single-cell spatial transcriptomics, proteomics, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis, and deep learning-driven quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling.

A comprehensive review on structural insights through molecular visualization: tools, applications, and limitations.

Context: Biomolecules serve as intrinsic repositories of information related to function, binding interactions, molecular motion, and structural conformations. With the rapid accumulation of structural data from fields such as structural biology and cheminformatics, the ability to visualize biomolecular architecture has become essential for researchers in biology, pharmacology, and related disciplines. Molecular visualization represents a foundational step in accessing and interpreting this data, enabling its application in diverse scientific and therapeutic contexts.

Recent Advances on the Gas-Sensing Properties and Mechanism of Perovskite Oxide Materials - A Review.

Perovskite oxide-based materials (ABO) have gained much attention as promising candidates for advanced gas-sensing applications due to their versatile structures, tunable properties, and excellent stability. This review discusses recent developments in the synthesis, structural optimization, and functionalization of perovskites to enhance their gas-sensing performance. Strategies such as doping, creating oxygen vacancies, tuning morphology, and forming heterojunctions have significantly improved their sensitivity, selectivity, response, and recovery times.

Enhancing convolutional neural networks in electroencephalogram driver drowsiness detection using human inspired optimizers.

Driver drowsiness is a significant safety concern, contributing to numerous traffic accidents. To address this issue, researchers have explored electroencephalogram (EEG)-based detection systems. Due to the high-dimensional nature of EEG signals and the subtle temporal patterns of drowsiness, there is increasing recognition of the need for deep neural networks (DNNs) to capture the dynamics of drowsy driving better.

Thermal conductivity of high latitude lunar regolith measured by Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) onboard Chandrayaan 3 lander.

The thermal conductivity of the lunar regolith is an essential parameter in studying the thermal behavior of the Moon and in planning future lunar exploration. The Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) aboard Vikram lander of the Indian Moon mission Chandrayaan 3 made the first in situ measurement of thermal conductivity of lunar regolith at southern high latitude using a thermal probe with ten temperature sensors at uneven intervals within 10 cm and a foil-type heater wound around the probe close to the nose tip. The ChaSTE thermal probe was inserted into the lunar regolith by a controlled motorized penetration in 29 hours.

Numerical analysis of bioconvective heat transport through Casson nanofluid over a thin needle.

Bioconvective flows over a thin needle hold significant importance in various fields, particularly in biomedical engineering, microfluidics, and environmental science. This paper examines the bioconvective flow properties of a copper and blood-based Casson nanofluid over a thin needle, accounting for gyrotactic microorganisms in the presence of a magnetic field. The two-phase nanofluid model is applied to formulate the flow problem.

Chromatin interaction maps of human arterioles reveal new mechanisms for the genetic regulation of blood pressure.

Arterioles are small blood vessels located just upstream of capillaries in nearly all tissues. The constriction and dilation of arterioles regulate tissue perfusion and are primary determinants of systemic blood pressure (BP). Abnormalities in arterioles are central to the development of major diseases such as hypertension, stroke, and microvascular complications of diabetes.

Targeted therapy approaches for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in triple negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is distinguished by negative expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), making it an aggressive subtype of breast cancer and contributes to 15-20% of the total incidence. TNBC is a diverse disease with various genetic variations and molecular subtypes. The tumor microenvironment involves multiple cells, including immune cells, fibroblast cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and blood vessels that constantly interact with tumor cells and influence each other.

Harnessing Brainwave Entrainment: A Non-invasive Strategy To Alleviate Neurological Disorder Symptoms.

From 1990-2019, the burden of neurological disorders varied considerably across countries and regions. Psychiatric disorders, often emerging in early to mid-adulthood, are linked to late-life neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Individuals with conditions such as Major Depressive Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder face up to four times higher risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders.

Nanotechnology for boosting ovarian cancer immunotherapy.

Ovarian cancer, often referred to as the "silent killer," is notoriously difficult to detect in its early stages, leading to a poor prognosis for many patients. Diagnosis is often delayed until the cancer has advanced, primarily due to its ambiguous and frequently occurring clinical symptoms. Ovarian cancer leads to more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system.

Therapeutic overview of sudachitin.

Citrus fruits are extensively cultivated and eaten both raw and in refined forms. Citrus fruit peels are highly concentrated in polyphenolic substances. This makes them useful resources.

Physiological role and mechanisms of action for a long noncoding haplotype region.

Most common sequence variants associated with human traits are in noncoding regions of the genome, form haplotypes with other noncoding variants, and exhibit small effect sizes in the general population. Determining the physiological roles and mechanisms of action for these noncoding variants, particularly large haplotypes containing multiple variants, is both critical and challenging. To address this challenge, we developed an approach that integrates physiological studies in genetically engineered and phenotypically permissive animal models, precise editing of large haplotypes in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and targeted chromatin conformation analysis.

Lateral flow assays: Progress and evolution of recent trends in point-of-care applications.

Paper based point-of-care (PoC) detection platforms applying lateral flow assays (LFAs) have gained paramount approval in the diagnostic domain as well as in environmental applications owing to their ease of utility, low cost, and rapid signal readout. It has centralized the aspect of self-evaluation exhibiting promising potential in the last global pandemic era of Covid-19 implementing rapid management of public health in remote areas. In this perspective, the present review is focused towards landscaping the current framework of LFAs along with integration of components and characteristics for improving the assay by pushing the detection limits.

Promising Combinatorial Therapeutic Strategies against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a complex and diverse disease, exhibiting variations at individuals' cellular and histological levels. This complexity gives rise to different subtypes and genetic mutations, posing challenges for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Nevertheless, continuous progress in medical research and therapies is continually shaping the landscape of NSCLC diagnosis and management.

Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology for Endometriosis: Diagnosis to Therapy.

Endometriosis, an incurable gynecological disease that causes abnormal growth of uterine-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, leads to pelvic pain and infertility in millions of individuals. Endometriosis can be treated with medicine and surgery, but recurrence and comorbidities impair quality of life. In recent years, nanoparticle (NP)-based therapy has drawn global attention, notably in medicine.

Nanodiamonds: Next generation nano-theranostics for cancer therapy.

Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality, demanding early diagnosis and effective treatment. Traditional therapeutic methods often fall short due to their need for more specificity and systemic toxicity. In this challenging landscape, nanodiamonds (ND) emerge as a potential solution, mitigating the limitations of conventional approaches.

Advancements in Nanotechnology for Enhanced Antifungal Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review.

Infections caused by fungi can be mildly bothersome or fatal, causing life-threatening conditions or even death. Antifungal drugs have used synthetic chemicals, organic compounds, and phytoconstituents in their formulations to treat fungal infections. Research into novel antifungal drugs has progressed more rapidly than into antibacterial treatments.

A Review on Osteoarthritis and its Eradication Approaches: An Update.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by degeneration of cartilage or wear and tear. OA is a cause of disability and health issues. It is a disease that affects more than 500 million adults annually worldwide, of which India accounts for about 22 to 39% of OA patients.

Epinephrine facilitates the growth of T cell lymphoma by altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism.

In recent years, studies have reported the role of stress-regulatory hormones, including epinephrine, in regulating the progression of a few cancers. However, the tumor-promoting action of epinephrine is not yet investigated in T cell malignancy, a rare and complicated neoplastic disorder. More so, very little is known regarding the implication of epinephrine in the glucose metabolic rewiring in tumor cells.