Nanoengineered electrochemical biosensors: a next-gen technology in cancer biomarker detection.

Cancer remains a critical global health concern, affecting individuals across all age groups and claiming millions of lives annually. Early detection is essential, as it significantly improves prognosis and enhances survival rates. However, conventional diagnostic techniques, despite their accuracy, are often expensive, time-consuming, and inaccessible in remote or resource-limited areas.

Current approaches in CRISPR-Cas systems for hereditary diseases.

CRISPR-Cas technologies have drastically revolutionized genetic engineering and also dramatically changed the potential for treating inherited disorders. The potential to correct genetic mutations responsible for numerous hereditary disorders from single-gene disorders to complex polygenic diseases through precise DNA editing is feasible. The tactic now employed in CRISPR-Cas systems for treating inherited disorders is the usage of particular guide RNAs to target and edit disease-causing mutations in the patient's genome.

Gold-Graphene Quantum Dot Hybrid Nanoparticle for Smart Diagnostics of Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers afflicting men worldwide, often detected at advanced stages, leading to increased mortality rates. Addressing this challenge, we present an innovative approach employing electrochemical biosensing for early-stage prostate cancer detection. This study used Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) as a substrate and a deposited gold-graphene quantum dot (Au-GQD) nanohybrid to establish electrochemical sensing platforms for DNA-hybridization assays.

Plasmonic nanoparticle sensors: current progress, challenges, and future prospects.

Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have played a significant role in the evolution of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology in terms of colloidal synthesis, general understanding of nanocrystal growth mechanisms, and their impact in a wide range of applications. They exhibit strong visible colors due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that depends on their size, shape, composition, and the surrounding dielectric environment. Under resonant excitation, the LSPR of plasmonic NPs leads to a strong field enhancement near their surfaces and thus enhances various light-matter interactions.

Lateral flow assays: Progress and evolution of recent trends in point-of-care applications.

Paper based point-of-care (PoC) detection platforms applying lateral flow assays (LFAs) have gained paramount approval in the diagnostic domain as well as in environmental applications owing to their ease of utility, low cost, and rapid signal readout. It has centralized the aspect of self-evaluation exhibiting promising potential in the last global pandemic era of Covid-19 implementing rapid management of public health in remote areas. In this perspective, the present review is focused towards landscaping the current framework of LFAs along with integration of components and characteristics for improving the assay by pushing the detection limits.

Lockdown of mitochondrial Ca extrusion and subsequent resveratrol treatment kill HeLa cells by Ca overload.

Anticancer effect of resveratrol and the role of sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger in context with calcium ions are studied in human cervical cancer cell line. This therapeutic approach using siNCLX mediated gene silencing and drug therapy with resveratrol indicates the disruption of calcium homeostasis, increase in caspase (-3, 8, 9) mRNA expressions and DNA damage leading to apoptotic cell death. Monitoring the intracellular Ca changes using fluo-4AM indicates highest rise in [Ca] level in sodium/lithium/calcium exchanger silenced group with five different stages, that is distinguishable based on the fluorescence intensity.