Anthropometric Cadaveric Analysis of the Quadrangular Space and Deltoid Region: Anatomical Perspectives for Clinical Applications in the Indian Population.

Background: Neurovascular structures beneath the deltoid, particularly the axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery, are vulnerable to injury from intramuscular injections or compression in the quadrangular space, especially in overhead athletes. Studies by Kakati et al (2013) and Desai et al (2019) report intramuscular injection-related nerve injury rates of 1.5% to 15% and 82.

Ankle-Foot Musculoskeletal Pathologies and Age-Related Arthro-Kinematic Changes: a Case-Control Study.

Background: The aging process profoundly influences the health of foot and ankle joints, impairing stride and range of motion and resulting in several musculoskeletal disorders. Despite extensive research on ankle arthrokinematics in Western and East Asian populations, India has yet to witness any such studies. We conducted a two-phased research study to evaluate the arthrokinematics of the ankle joint-foot complex.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Environmental Monitoring: A Paradigm Shift in Data-Driven Sustainability.

Environmental monitoring is essential for understanding and minimizing human impact on ecosystems. Traditional methods like manual sampling and laboratory testing, while accurate, are often costly, time-consuming, and difficult to scale, especially in low-resource settings. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly addressing these limitations by enabling automated data collection, real-time analysis, and predictive modeling.

Deletion of PTP1B in cardiomyocytes alters cardiac metabolic signaling to protect against cardiomyopathy induced by a high-fat diet.

Cardiomyocytes (CMs) normally use fatty acid oxidation (FAO) as their primary energy source. In response to pathological stress, the substrate preference of CMs switches from FAO to glucose metabolism, leading to the development of heart failure. Obesity increases this pathological risk of cardiovascular disease.

Anatomical Mechanisms of Femoroacetabular Impingement and Its Role in the Progression to Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) causes hip pain because of unusual bone shapes at the area where the femur connects to the hip (cam-type) or at the hip socket (pincer-type). Due to the rarity of hip osteoarthritis, people in India often overlook FAI. Significant knowledge gaps exist in the underlying pathophysiology of FAI, impacting its progression.

Molecular Determinants of A9 Dopaminergic Neurons.

In the human brain, the nigrostriatal pathway regulates motor functions, and its selective deterioration leads to the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction and significant disability. The A9 neurons, a subgroup of ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic (DA) neurons, form the nigrostriatal pathway that emerges from the nigral region and innervates into the striatum. These DA neurons exhibit extensive and arborized axonal terminals projecting into the dorsal striatum.

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study.

High mechanical strength, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and tunable properties make two-dimensional (2D) materials attractive for various applications. However, the metallic nature of these materials restricts their applications in specific domains. Strain engineering is a versatile technique to tailor the distribution of energy levels, including bandgap opening between the energy bands.

The Recommended Deltoid Intramuscular Injection Sites in the Adult Population: A Cadaveric Pilot Study With an Orthopedic Perspective.

Background and aim The deltoid is a common site for intramuscular injections, but guidelines for administration lack standardization. Global researchers propose various techniques, and recent study reports indicate a 1.5-15% incidence of nerve palsies due to injections.

Neurons Specialize in Presynaptic Autophagy: A Perspective to Ameliorate Neurodegeneration.

The efficient and prolonged neurotransmission is reliant on the coordinated action of numerous synaptic proteins in the presynaptic compartment that remodels synaptic vesicles for neurotransmitter packaging and facilitates their exocytosis. Once a cycle of neurotransmission is completed, membranes and associated proteins are endocytosed into the cytoplasm for recycling or degradation. Both exocytosis and endocytosis are closely regulated in a timely and spatially constrained manner.

Transformer-based decoder of melanoma classification using hand-crafted texture feature fusion and Gray Wolf Optimization algorithm.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that poses significant health risks and requires early detection for effective treatment. This study proposing a novel approach that integrates a transformer-based model with hand-crafted texture features and Gray Wolf Optimization, aiming to enhance efficiency of melanoma classification. Preprocessing involves standardizing image dimensions and enhancing image quality through median filtering techniques.

Regioselective Brønsted acid catalyzed ring opening of aziridines by phenols and thiophenols; a gateway to access functionalized indolines, indoles, benzothiazines, dihydrobenzo-thiazines, benzo-oxazines and benzochromenes.

Brønsted acid catalyzed regioselective ring opening of aziridines by phenols and thiophenols have been reported. Involvement of a series of aziridines with a range of phenols and thiophenols offer the generality of the reported protocol. Completion of the reaction at room temperature within very short time brings the uniqueness of the developed technique.

Causal Relationships Between Physical Activity and Arthrokinematic Integrity of the Ankle Joint-Foot Complex Across Normal and Pathological Phenomena: A Case-Control Analysis.

Introduction Muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones, and cartilage undergo age-related changes, affecting the foot-ankle joint complex biomechanics in both genders. While international studies have extensively researched these dynamics, Indian studies are limited. Our study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the anthropometric and biomechanical function of the foot-ankle joint complex in normal individuals and those with painful pathologies at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rajkot's OPD.

investigations of the structure-stability, mechanical, electronic, thermodynamic and optical properties of TiFeAs Heusler alloy.

In this study, we employed density functional theory coupled with the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method (FP-LAPW) to investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the TiFeAs alloy adopting the HgCuTi-type structure. Our findings demonstrate that all the examined structures exhibit ferromagnetic (FM) behaviour. By conducting electronic band structure calculations, we observed an energy gap of 0.

Is antero-lateral complex of knee joint of critical importance in restoring rotational instability in patients with anterior cruciate ligament tear?

Antero-lateral ligament complex (ALC) is a vital structure for maintaining rotational stability of the knee. Evaluation of ALC radiologically (MRI) is still unpopular in setting of anterior cruciate ligament injury. A dire necessity exists for the orthopedic surgeons in outdoor patient department settings to rule out involvement of ALC.

Regioselective Transition Metal-Free Catalytic Ring Opening of 2-Azirines by Phenols and Naphthols; One-Pot Access to Benzo- and Naphthofurans.

Benzofuran and naphthofuran derivatives are synthesized from readily available phenols and naphthols. Regioselective ring openings of 2-azirine followed by in situ aromatization using a catalytic amount of Brønsted acid have established the novelty of the methodology. The involvement of a series of 2-azirines with a variety of phenols, 1-naphthols, and 2-naphthols showed the generality of the protocol.

Molecular structure, spectral analysis and chemical activity of sabizabulin: A computational study.

In this study, a detailed computational spectroscopic investigation of sabizabulin, a small molecule known as a tubulin inhibitor with potential antineoplastic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities, has been presented. Our work utilizes Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to explore molecular optimization, thermodynamic characteristics, and the analysis of normal modes with vibrational assignments. We calculate essential properties such as standard zero-point vibrational energy, entropy, dipole moment, etc.

Role of graphene in scavenging methyl cations: a DFT study.

Context: It is known that methylating agents methylate DNA by transferring a methyl cation (CH) to the nucleophilic sites in DNA bases and DNA methylation is implicated in cancer and other pathological conditions. Therefore, it is important to scavenge CH ion in order to protect DNA from methylation. Graphene is considered to be a versatile material for use in a wide variety of fields including sensors, antioxidants, drug delivery and DNA sequencing.

Catalyst-Controlled Diastereoselective Synthesis of Bridged [3.3.1] Bis(Indolyl)-Oxanes and Oxepanes via Desymmetrization of Bis(Indolyl)-Cyclohexadienones.

A catalyst-controlled divergent synthesis of bridged [3.3.1] bis(indolyl)-oxanes and -[6.

One-pot C-C, C-N, and C-S bond construction for synthesis of 3-sulfenylindoles directly from unactivated anilines involving dual palladium catalysis and mechanistic insights from DFT.

An efficient dual Pd-catalytic system was developed for one-pot synthesis of 3-sulfenylindoles C-C, C-N and C-S bond construction directly from unactivated 2-iodo()anilines under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, 3-selenyl/halo/carbon-functionalized indoles were synthesized in good yields and a short reaction time. The synthetic utility of 3-sulfenylindole was also demonstrated.

Structural dynamics of chlorpromazine (CPZ) drug with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid: a potential drug for SARS-CoV-2.

There is an urgent requirement for drug discovery and more importantly drug repositioning due to infectious new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2. As per the recent report published in the journal in May 2020, there is a planned ReCoVery Study examining the repurposing the chlorpromazine for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we apply a combined Raman microspectroscopy and DFT-MD approach to investigate the structural dynamics of the Chlorpromazine (CPZ) drug with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer, identifying the specific position of the drug in the DPPC lipid bilayer.

Nanosensors Based on a Single ZnO:Eu Nanowire for Hydrogen Gas Sensing.

Fast detection of hydrogen gas leakage or its release in different environments, especially in large electric vehicle batteries, is a major challenge for sensing applications. In this study, the morphological, structural, chemical, optical, and electronic characterizations of ZnO:Eu nanowire arrays are reported and discussed in detail. In particular, the influence of different Eu concentrations during electrochemical deposition was investigated together with the sensing properties and mechanism.

Introduction to the pathways involved in the activation and regulation of sperm motility: A review of the relevance of ion channels.

To participate in sperm-oocyte fusion, spermatozoa need to be motile. In the testes, spermatozoa are immotile, although these gametes acquire the capacity for motility during the transit through the epididymis. During the period of epididymal transport from the male genital tract to the female genital tract, spermatozoa exhibit various types of motility that are regulated by complex signalling and communication mechanisms.

AlO/ZnO Heterostructure-Based Sensors for Volatile Organic Compounds in Safety Applications.

Monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in harsh environments, especially for safety applications, is a growing field that requires specialized sensor structures. In this work, we demonstrate the sensing properties toward the most common VOCs of columnar AlO/ZnO heterolayer-based sensors. We have also developed an approach to tune the sensor selectivity by changing the thickness of the exposed amorphous AlO layer from 5 to 18 nm.