Capturing the three-dimensional, nanoscale, picosecond dynamics of plasma mirrors with intense ultrashort laser wavefront measurement.

We present a direct measurement of the nanoscale dynamics of plasma mirrors using wavefront measurement techniques. This two-dimensional measurement, performed via pump-probe diagnostics, enables the reconstruction of the three-dimensional plasma mirror surface with nanometer axial, micrometer transverse, and femtosecond temporal resolution.

Dearomatization-scission-aromatization of anilines: En route to synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles with a wide range of heteroatom nucleophiles.

Herein, we report a catalytic, redox-neutral method for the difunctionalization of oxindoles using ketimines derived from anilines and heteronucleophiles. The reaction proceeds through a dearomatization-aromatization strategy a tetra-substituted alkene intermediate stabilized by extended resonance, facilitating the selective formation of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles with a wide chemical space in good-to-high yields.

Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Insights into Environmental Toxicant Exposures: The TaRGET II Resource.

Environmental exposures to toxic chemicals can profoundly alter the transcriptome and epigenome in both humans and animals, contributing to disease development across the lifespan. To elucidate how early-life exposure to toxicants exerts such persistent effects, the Consortium generated a landmark resource comprising 2,564 epigenomes and 1,043 transcriptomes from longitudinal studies in mice. All data are publicly available through the TaRGET II data portal and the WashU Epigenome Browser.

ToxiTaRGET: a multi-omics resource for toxicant-responsive molecular targets.

Environmental toxicant exposures can induce widespread alterations in both the transcriptome and epigenome of mammals, and directly contribute to the increased risk of various diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurological disorders. To evaluate how early-life toxicants produce long-term impacts on the transcriptome and epigenome in mice, the Toxicant Exposures and Responses by Genomic and Epigenomic Regulators of Transcription II (TaRGET II) Consortium generated a landmark resource comprising 3,607 multi-omics from longitudinal studies in mice. The molecular changes in responding to distinct environmental toxicants, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), bisphenol A (BPA), tributyltin (TBT), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dioxin (TCDD), and fine particulate matter (PM2.

miRNA in Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Tuberculosis: Importance in Latent and Brain Associated Pathologies.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the regulators of gene expression and several cellular processes related to the immune system. miRNAs during tuberculosis (TB) infection are considered regulatory factors for the host immune system. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a great ability to survive and multiply in phagocytic cells, which makes it difficult to treat.

Neonatal Esophageal Stenosis: A Case Series.

Esophageal stenosis is a very rare entity. Most cases of esophageal stenosis are asymptomatic in neonatal life. This is a case series of 2 babies with esophageal stenosis presenting in neonatal period with same clinical sign but different etiology.

A Comprehensive Study of Circulating Blood Linear RNA nominates and as novel causal genes and early-stage biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease.

We leveraged transcriptomic data from 4,343 participants from four independent datasets to robustly identify and annotate circulating PD-associated transcripts. We identified 296 differentially expressed transcripts, 28 of which were transcribed from known PD-associated loci. Further, we found a significant overlap between our findings and transcripts dysregulated in brain, as well as proteins differentially accumulated in CSF.

Socioeconomic health and impact of sickle cell disease and vaso-occlusive crises in India: results from B-VOCAL study.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) with vaso-occlusive pain crisis (VOC) has a major impact on healthcare resource utilisation and poses a significant financial burden for the patients. This study examines the economic implications of managing VOC in individuals with SCD in India, from the perspectives of patients, healthcare system and society.

Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study included 1000 patients with SCD across 14 centres enrolled from November 2021 to June 2022.

Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life in Children with Central Precocious Puberty: A Pragmatic Analysis.

Objectives: Variable anthropometric and pubertal outcomes are reported in children with central precocious puberty (CPP) based on treatment choices and practices. We aimed to measure growth and pubertal progression in these children and associate with quality of life in relation to therapy received.

Methods: This observational study enrolled children with CPP who were receiving/had received gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (GnRHa).

Hepatobiliary Manifestations in Thalassemia Patients: A Narrative Review.

Thalassemia is one of the most common inherited blood disorders worldwide. This defect causes a disproportionate ratio of α- and β-globin chains resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis leading to increased iron absorption. In patients where the imbalance between α and β globin chains is great they are dependent on blood transfusions for survival.

Food scarcity and decrease in income are associated with depression after COVID-19 pandemic in rural settings.

Objective: The current study is a cross-sectional survey that aims to assess an association COVID-19 on mental health in rural areas of Central India.

Methods: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) were used to evaluate the anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among families with at least one member having been affected by COVID-19 during November 2022 to December 2022 in Durg District of Chhattisgarh State.

Results: A total of 431 participants were interviewed from 18 villages of Durg district of Chhattisgarh state.

MicroRNAs in sickle cell disease: A comprehensive review.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by a high incidence of morbidity and mortality due to chronic hemolysis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating key pathophysiological processes in SCD, including high levels of fetal hemoglobin production, and reduction in inflammation and cellular adhesion. This comprehensive review discusses the current understanding of miRNAs in SCD, including their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Meta-analysis of clinical trial on the comparative efficacy and safety profiles of immunotherapeutic strategies in cervical cancer.

Over the years, there have been significant advancements in the field of cervical cancer research in developing new treatment approaches. One of the significant breakthroughs in cancer treatment is the emergence of immunotherapy that can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other cancer therapies. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in clinical trials and has become a viable strategy for treating cancer and improves the quality of life for cancer patients and overall survival rate.

Building an All Carbon Quaternary Center via Redox-Neutral Geminal Dual C-H Functionalization of Oxindoles.

Reported here is a catalytic redox-neutral geminal dual C-H functionalization of oxindoles with two distinct aromatics using anilines. The reaction proceeded through a pluripotent tetra-substituted alkene intermediate via an extended resonance stabilized carbocation. It furnished wide chemical space around oxindoles with the generation of all carbon quaternary centers (>35 examples) in good to excellent yields.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel quinoline carboxylic acid based styryl/alkyne hybrid molecule as a potent anti-adipogenic and antidyslipidemic agent via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Obesity has emerged as the root cause for various metabolic disorders worldwide and hence demands for urgent attention. In the same stride, a series of quinoline carboxylic acid-based styryl/alkyne hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-adipogenic activity. Based on the structure-activity relationship, functional groups and essential substituents to potentiate the anti-adipogenic activity were identified.

Hemoglobinopathies Among Patients Referred to Single Centre in Central India: An Observational Study.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia are the most common hereditary disorders encountered in Central India. Timely identification of these disorders is critical to reduction in severe clinical manifestations and for identifying disease burden. Present study reports spectrum of hemoglobinopathies among the referred anemia patients to single centre in central India.

Unlocking biological complexity: the role of machine learning in integrative multi-omics.

The increasing complexity of biological systems demands advanced analytical approaches to decode the underlying mechanisms of health and disease. Integrative multi-omics approaches use multi-layered datasets such as genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data to understand biological processes much more comprehensively compared to the single-omics analysis and to provide a comprehensive view of cellular and molecular processes. However, these integrative approaches have their own computational and analytical challenges due to the large volume and nature of multi-omics data.

Musculoskeletal complications in sickle cell disease: Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a mono-genic disorder causing chronic hemolysis, anemia, and vaso-occlusion, leading to musculoskeletal complications such as osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, and bone fractures affecting 50-70% SCD patients. These complications result from a complex interplay of genetic and physiological factors, including abnormal hemoglobin production, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. This review discusses the pathophysiology, pre-clinical symptoms, and clinical manifestations of musculoskeletal complications in SCD, as well as current treatment options, including pharmacological interventions, surgical procedures, and bone marrow transplantation.

Pym-18a, a novel pyrimidine derivative ameliorates glucocorticoid induced osteoblast apoptosis and promotes osteogenesis via autophagy and PINK 1/Parkin mediated mitophagy induction.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common type of secondary osteoporosis, marked by reduced bone density and impaired osteoblast function. Current treatments have serious side effects, highlighting the need for new drug candidates. Pyrimidine derivatives have been noted for their potential in suppressing osteoclastogenesis, but their effects on osteogenesis and GIOP remain underexplored.

Production of sterile trout (Triploids) by chromosome set manipulation using thermal shock treatment in rainbow trout () from Kashmir Himalayas.

Rainbow trout () is a promising cultivable fish species with significant potential for expansion. As a cold-water fish belonging to the Salmonidae family, it requires an optimal temperature range of 10-15°C for optimal growth. This study explores a method for producing sterile rainbow trout with maximum survival rates by using heat shock treatment to enhance growth characteristics and improve aquaculture practices.

Guanylate binding protein1 alters expression of the poly I: C induced cytokines/chemokines and MAP kinases in macrophages.

Guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) is critical in the host's innate immune response against viral infections and inflammation. Therefore, this study explored the role of GBP1 poly I: C, a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA that mimics viral infections-induced inflammation in macrophages. Stimulation of human macrophage THP-1 and mice macrophage RAW 264.

Circulating blood circular RNA in Parkinson's Disease; from involvement in pathology to diagnostic tools in at-risk individuals.

To identify circRNAs associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) we leveraged two of the largest publicly available studies with longitudinal clinical and blood transcriptomic data. We performed a cross-sectional study utilizing the last visit of each participant (N = 1848), and a longitudinal analysis that included 1166 participants with at least two time points. We identified 192 differentially expressed circRNAs, with effects that were sustained during disease, in mutation carriers, and diverse ancestry.

Impact of spot blotch pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana on important seed quality parameters in wheat and its management with biocontrol agents and newer fungicide molecules.

Spot blotch disease is prominent amongst several biotic stresses challenging wheat yield and quality. The impact of seed inoculation with Bipolaris sorokiniana, on important wheat seed quality of popular cultivar (cv.) DBW 187, was estimated in comparison to susceptible check WH 147.

Plasma acellular transcriptome contains Parkinson's disease signatures that can inform clinical diagnosis.

We aimed to identify plasma cell-free transcripts (cfRNA) associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) that also have a high predictive value to differentiate PD from healthy controls. Leveraging two independent populations from two different movement disorder centers we identified 2,188 differentially expressed cfRNAs after meta-analysis. The identified transcripts were enriched in PD relevant pathways, such as PD (p=9.

Recent Updates on Diverse Nanoparticles and Nanostructures in Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications with Special Focus on Smart Protein Nanoparticles: A Review.

Nanomedicine enables advanced therapeutics, diagnostics, and predictive analysis, enhancing treatment outcomes and patient care. The choices and development of high-quality organic nanoparticles with relatively lower toxicity are important for achieving advanced medical goals. Among organic molecules, proteins have been prospected as smart candidates to revolutionize nanomedicine due to their inherent fascinating features.