Machine learning ensemble meets clinical practice: developing a real-world risk prediction model for metabolic syndrome using super learner and scorecard approaches.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) refers to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Traditional binary definitions of MetS fall short in capturing its severity spectrum, limiting personalized risk stratification.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a super learner model and multilevel risk scorecard to improve MetS risk prediction and support early cardiovascular risk identification.

Development and evaluation of percentile curves of serum alanine aminotransferase in older adults: A multi-cohort study.

Introduction And Objectives: Age independently impacts alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. This study was conducted to develop age- and sex-specific ALT percentile curves among older adults and evaluate their diagnostic performance across two external cohorts.

Materials And Methods: We developed ALT percentile curves using data from a reference population aged 50-90 years (n = 20,039).

Household catastrophic health expenditure and depressive mood among Chinese adults, children, and adolescents: a population-based panel study.

Background: Numerous studies have suggested that catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is associated with depressive mood. However, most published studies have examined the relationship between CHE and depressive mood only among middle-aged and older people who are already susceptible to depressive mood. The objective of our analysis was to determine the associations between household CHE and depressive mood among adults and children/adolescents.

Association of the use of nonfood prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics with total and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The use of nonfood prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics has approximately tripled in the last 20 years. It is necessary to examine the associations of these substances with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large prospective cohort.

Methods: This study included 53,333 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018.

Health economic evaluation of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based rapid nutritional diagnostic system for hospitalised patients: A multicentre, randomised controlled trial.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalised patients, and increases the morbidity, mortality, and medical costs; yet nutritional assessments on admission are not routine. This study assessed the clinical and economic benefits of using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based rapid nutritional diagnostic system for routine nutritional screening of hospitalised patients.

Methods: A nationwide multicentre randomised controlled trial was conducted at 11 centres in 10 provinces.

Development and validation of prediction models for nosocomial infection and prognosis in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis.

Background: Nosocomial infections (NIs) frequently occur and adversely impact prognosis for hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. This study aims to develop and validate two machine learning models for NIs and in-hospital mortality risk prediction.

Methods: The Prediction of Nosocomial Infection and Prognosis in Cirrhotic patients (PIPC) study included hospitalized patients with cirrhosis at the Qingchun Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University.

New light on ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and diabetes debate: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and intake threshold study.

Objective: ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are a key modifiable factor in the intervention of type 2 diabetes, yet recommendations for dietary consumption of ω-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes remain ambiguous and controversial. Here, we revisit the subject in the light of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PPK-PD) modeling and propose a threshold for intake.

Research Design And Methods: Plasma levels of ω-3 PUFA and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA) were measured as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indicator, respectively.

Universal screening and treatment towards the elimination of chronic hepatitis C in China: an economic evaluation.

Objectives: China has the largest number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the world, but current levels of diagnosis and treatment are low. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of various universal HCV screening and treatment strategies in China and inform decisions on health policy.

Study Design: A cost-effectiveness analytical study.

5-FU promotes HBV replication through oxidative stress-induced autophagy dysfunction.

Background & Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a major problem that must be overcome during chemotherapy for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism underlying chemotherapy-associated HBV reactivation is still not fully understood, hindering the development of improved HBV-related HCC treatments.

Methods: A meta-analysis was performed to assess the HBV reactivation risk during transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Global variability of influenza activity and virus subtype circulation from 2011 to 2023.

Background: Although decreased influenza activity has been reported in many countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, it remains unknown how global influenza activity has changed. We described the global variability of influenza activity and virus subtype circulation from 2011 to 2023 to prepare for the potential influenza outbreak with the control of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Influenza virological surveillance data between 2011 and 2023 were obtained from the WHO-FluNet database.

Proportion of liver cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in China.

Background: Understanding the differences in the burden of liver cancer due to different risk factors across provinces is critical to informing and improving liver cancer prevention and control. In this study, we estimated the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of liver cancer in all 31 provinces of China in 2016.

Methods: Prevalence estimates of risk factors were derived from representative surveys.

Derivation and validation of a risk score to predict acute kidney injury in critically ill cirrhotic patients.

Aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill cirrhotic patients with substantial mortality. Given AKI can be prevented through early detection, it is urgent to develop an easy model to identify high-risk patients.

Methods: A total of 1149 decompensated cirrhotic (DC) patients from the eICU Collaborative Research Database were enrolled for model development and internal validation.

Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram model for ICU patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis.

Background: The prognosis of patients with alcohol-associated cirrhosis (ALC) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is poor. We developed and validated a nomogram (NIALC) for ICU patients with ALC.

Methods: Predictors of mortality were defined by a machine learning method in a cohort of 394 ICU patients with ALC from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database.

Global cirrhosis prevalence trends and attributable risk factors-an ecological study using data from 1990-2019.

Background And Aims: Cirrhosis is a major public health issue worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to explore the time series associations between varying levels of risk factors and cirrhosis prevalence and predict the cirrhosis prevalence under alternative scenarios to consolidate evidence for further intervention plans.

Methods: We collected data of cirrhosis and its risk factors from 1990 to 2019 across 178 countries and used a generalized linear mixed model to explore the time series associations between cirrhosis and risk factors.

Barriers to and Facilitators of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among People Aged 9 to 26 Years: A Systematic Review.

Background: Cervical and oropharyngeal cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which can be prevented with the vaccines. However, uptake of the HPV vaccine remains low in many countries. There is a need to better understand the barriers to and facilitators of HPV vaccination from young people's perspectives.