Summary of taxonomy changes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses from the Plant Viruses Subcommittee, 2025.

In March 2025, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote, newly proposed taxa were added to those under the mandate of the Plant Viruses Subcommittee. In brief, 1 new order, 3 new families, 6 new genera, 2 new subgenera and 206 new species were created. Some taxa were reorganized.

Virus taxonomy proposal summaries: a searchable and citable resource to disseminate virus taxonomy advances.

Taxonomic classification of cellular organisms requires the publication of descriptions and proposed names of species and the deposition of specimens. Virus taxonomy is developed through a different system of annual submission of formal taxonomy proposals (TPs) that can be submitted by anyone but are typically prepared by a study group appointed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and consisting of experts on a particular group of viruses. These are initially evaluated by an expert subcommittee and by the executive committee (EC) of the ICTV.

Phragmivirus, a new genus within the family Potyviridae.

The plant-infecting virus family Potyviridae was previously formed by 12 genera, consisting of 249 virus species, with the majority of these classified in the largest genus, Potyvirus. Potyvirids are viruses with a ssRNA genome packaged in long filamentous particles. While members of the genus Bymovirus have bipartite genomes, members of the remaining genera have monopartite genomes.

Annual (2024) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm : kingdom : phylum ).

In April 2024, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum was expanded by 1 new order, 1 new family, 6 new subfamilies, 34 new genera and 270 new species. One class, two orders and six species were renamed. Seven families and 12 genera were moved; ten species were renamed and moved; and nine species were abolished.

Virus species names have been standardized; virus names remain unchanged.

Virus taxonomy, comprising classification and nomenclature, is regulated by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Taxon names are standardized to facilitate recognition and communication, with defined suffixes for each rank (e.g.

Carnation Italian Ringspot Virus p36 Expression Induces Mitochondrial Fission and Respiratory Chain Complex Impairment in Yeast.

Positive-strand RNA virus replication invariably occurs in association with host cell membranes, which are induced to proliferate and rearrange to form vesicular structures where the virus replication complex is assembled. In particular, carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) replication takes place on the mitochondrial outer membrane in plant and yeast cells. In this work, the model host was used to investigate the effects of CIRV p36 expression on the mitochondrial structure and function through the determination of mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial respiratory parameters, and respiratory chain complex activities in p36-expressing cells.

Exogenous and endogenous dsRNAs perceived by plant Dicer-like 4 protein in the RNAi-depleted cellular context.

Background: In plants, RNase III Dicer-like proteins (DCLs) act as sensors of dsRNAs and process them into short 21- to 24-nucleotide (nt) (s)RNAs. Plant DCL4 is involved in the biogenesis of either functional endogenous or exogenous (i.e.

Changes to virus taxonomy and the ICTV Statutes ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2023).

This article reports changes to virus taxonomy and taxon nomenclature that were approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2023. The entire ICTV membership was invited to vote on 174 taxonomic proposals that had been approved by the ICTV Executive Committee in July 2022, as well as a proposed revision of the ICTV Statutes. All proposals and the revised ICTV Statutes were approved by a majority of the voting membership.

Pest categorisation of coconut cadang-cadang viroid.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health updated its 2017 pest categorisation of coconut cadang cadang viroid (CCCVd) for the EU territory due to new data on its host range. The identity of CCCVd, a member of the genus (family Pospiviroidae), is established and detection and identification methods are available. It is included as a quarantine pest for the EU in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072.

Virus taxonomy and the role of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

The taxonomy of viruses is developed and overseen by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which scrutinizes, approves and ratifies taxonomic proposals, and maintains a list of virus taxa with approved names (https://ictv.global). The ICTV has approximately 180 members who vote by simple majority.

Pest categorisation of cowpea mosaic virus.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest categorisation of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) for the EU territory. The identity of CPMV, a member of the genus (family ), is established and detection and identification methods are available. The pathogen is not included in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072.

Four principles to establish a universal virus taxonomy.

A universal taxonomy of viruses is essential for a comprehensive view of the virus world and for communicating the complicated evolutionary relationships among viruses. However, there are major differences in the conceptualisation and approaches to virus classification and nomenclature among virologists, clinicians, agronomists, and other interested parties. Here, we provide recommendations to guide the construction of a coherent and comprehensive virus taxonomy, based on expert scientific consensus.

Guidance for creating individual and batch latinized binomial virus species names.

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recently adopted, and is gradually implementing, a binomial naming format for virus species. Although full Latinization of these names remains optional, a standardized nomenclature based on Latinized binomials has the advantage of comparability with all other biological taxonomies. As a language without living native speakers, Latin is more culturally neutral than many contemporary languages, and words built from Latin roots are already widely used in the language of science across the world.

The Fine Legacy of Giovanni P. Martelli (1935-2020), a Preeminent Plant Virologist and the Founder of Modern Grapevine Virology.

Giovanni Paolo Martelli passed away on 8 January 2020 [...

Pest categorisation of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest categorisation of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) for the EU territory. The identity of CpCDV, a member of the genus (family ) is established. Reliable detection and identification methods are available.

Pest categorisation of Capsicum chlorosis virus.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest categorisation of Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) for the EU territory. The identity of CaCV, a member of the genus (family ), is established and reliable detection and identification methods are available. The pathogen is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072.

Pest categorisation of High Plains wheat mosaic virus.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest categorisation of High Plains wheat mosaic virus (HPWMoV) for the EU territory. The identity of HPWMoV, a member of the genus (family ), is well established and reliable identification methods are available. The pathogen is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072.

Pest categorisation of Apium virus Y.

Following a request from the EU Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest categorisation of Apium virus Y (ApVY) for the EU territory. The identity of the ApVY, a member of the genus (family ), is well established and reliable detection methods are available. The pathogen is not included in EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072.