Preparation and immunogenicity studies of NvIBDV VP2-ferritin nanoparticles.

Background: Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), is a highly contagious disease that is prevalent worldwide and poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. While commercially available vaccines are used for prevention, IBD outbreaks remain frequent.

Objective: The continuous mutation of virulent strains and their ability to evade traditional vaccine protection complicate IBD control, which necessitates the development of novel vaccines and a deeper understanding of viral mutation mechanisms.

GmSop20 Functions as a Key Coordinator of the Oil-To-Protein Ratio in Soybean Seeds.

The seed oil-to-protein ratio has increased remarkably during soybean domestication; however, the principal genetic determinants governing this critical agronomic trait remain elusive. Integrated genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association studies (GWAS/TWAS) are conducted and identified GmSop20 on chromosome 20 as a pivotal regulator of soybean seed oil and its protein content. Genetic diversity analysis reveals a domestication-selected allele, GmSop20, which has undergone intense artificial selection and is dominant in cultivars across northern China and the USA.

Influence of Recycled Tire Steel Fibers on the Mechanical Properties and Carbon Emissions of High-Performance Cement-Based Materials.

To address the issues of high carbon emissions from concrete and high energy consumption in the manufacturing of traditional steel fibers, this study investigates the feasibility of replacing industrial steel fibers (ISF) with recycled tire steel fibers (RSF) in high-performance cement-based materials. The study examines the effects of fiber type and dosage on the mechanical properties within the systems of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) and slurry-infiltrated fiber concrete (SIFCON) and analyzes the carbon emission levels using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. Research results indicate that the compressive and tensile strengths of SIFCON are significantly higher than those of UHPC.

Metabolic gatekeeper ACAD9 coordinates linoleic acid metabolism and redox homeostasis via mitochondrial complex I to drive ovarian cancer progression.

Balancing high metabolic activity with redox homeostasis is crucial for cancer progression, particularly in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which thrives in a lipid-rich environment abundance in free fatty acids, yet the key molecular regulators of this balance remain undefined. Through an in vivo genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in an orthotopic ovarian cancer (OC) mouse model, we identify ACAD9 as a pivotal driver of OC progression, with its elevated expression correlating with poor patient prognosis. Multi-omics integration analysis and mechanism studies reveal ACAD9's dual role in maintaining OC metabolic homeostasis.

Adipocyte-specific Zeb1 downregulation remodels the tumor-associated adipose microenvironment to facilitate female breast cancer progression.

Upon penetrating the basement membrane, breast cancer cells directly interact with their surrounding adipose tissue, which forms a unique tumor-associated adipose microenvironment (TAME). However, the underlying mechanism of lipid metabolic remodeling in the TAME remains elusive. Herein, we report a Zeb1-orchestrated bidirectional communication between breast cancer cells and their adjacent cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs).

Dapagliflozin improves cardiac function and reduces adverse events in myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis in diabetic and non-diabetic populations.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, frequently driven by acute coronary occlusion resulting from atherosclerosis and arrhythmias. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic progression and is associated with worsened cardiovascular outcomes in post-MI patients. Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has emerged as a novel antidiabetic agent with additional cardiovascular benefits.

Complex regulatory network of programmed death-ligand 1 in cancer: Cancer immunomodulation from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications.

Immune checkpoint therapy targeting PD-L1/PD-1 represents a key cancer treatment strategy. PD-L1 binds PD-1 on T cells, suppressing activation and enabling tumor immune escape. Although the blockade of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway has demonstrated significant anti-tumor effects, the overall response rate remains suboptimal in solid tumors.

Recyclable Li-Metal Battery Electrolytes via In Situ Cyclic Carbonate Polymerization.

Enabling recycling and improving performance are key challenges for next-generation electrolytes for rechargeable batteries. Here, an equilibrium polymerization: trimethylene carbonate (TMC) ring-opening polymerization, in the presence of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate salt, is utilized to form an electrolyte in situ during coin cell fabrication for lithium batteries. This process creates a semi-solid poly(trimethylene carbonate) electrolyte with high ambient ionic conductivity (0.

Cellulase activity and age-based variation of intestinal microbiota in Hezuo pigs.

Introduction: To examine the fiber-degrading enzyme activity and the changes of intestinal microbiota in Hezuo pigs across different age stages.

Methods: Fecal samples from 36 semi-grazed Hezuo pigs across five growth stages were collected for cellulase activity and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis.

Results: The results showed that the cellobiase activity in adult Hezuo pigs was markedly higher than in other groups ( < 0.

Evolutionary adaptation and asymmetric inheritance of polyploid giant cancer cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells (PGCCs) play a critical role in tumor progression due to their distinctive biological behaviors. However, the mechanisms by which PGCCs regulate their composition and structure to adapt to dynamic environments during their formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we used multicolour labeling of major organelles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells combined with high- and super-resolution time-lapse imaging to monitor induced PGCCs in three dimensions.

Plant glutamyl-tRNA reductases coordinate plant and rhizobial heme biosynthesis in nitrogen-fixing nodules.

Heme is biosynthesized in legume root nodules to meet the demand for leghemoglobins (Lbs) and other heme-binding proteins. However, the main source of nodule heme remains unknown. Both the plant host and rhizobia possess a complete heme biosynthetic pathway, differing slightly in the production of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a key regulatory step catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA reductase (GluTR) in the plant and by HemA in the rhizobia.

Truncated flagellin lacking the hypervariable region: A structural basis for improved immune responses and adjuvanticity.

Bacterial flagellins are recognized for their potent immunomodulatory properties and potential as vaccine adjuvants. They activate innate and adaptive immune responses by interacting with Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and the cytosolic NOD-like receptor protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome, thereby enhancing immune responses. This study investigates the impact of various truncated flagellin derivatives, derived from Escherichia coli (EHEC EDL933) and lacking specific domains, on TLR5 activation and their adjuvant properties.

The allogenic non-proteinogenic amino acid BMAA-based vaccine breaks up the immune tolerance against colorectal cancer.

The fundamental issue in immunotherapy is the lack of tumor-specific antigens in most types of tumors, leading to immune tolerance. For approximately 85% of patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC), the absence of tumor neoantigens results in poor immunotherapy efficacy. Our previous study demonstrated that the misincorporation of non-proteinogenic proline (Pro) analog azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AZE) could generate mutated proteins that significantly enhance tumor cell antigenicity and anti-tumor immune responses.

Determinative sleep traits associated with dyslipidemia in obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is recognized to increase the risk of dyslipidemia; however, the specific sleep traits in OSA that influence dyslipidemia are poorly understood. This study sought to determine which sleep traits are independently associated with dyslipidemia and serum lipid profiles in patients with OSA.

Methods: In this cohort study, 5239 participants were included from the Sleep Heart Health Study.

A new perspective on the antimicrobial mechanism of linezolid against Staphylococcus aureus revealed by proteomics and metabolomics analysis.

Understanding bacterial responses to antimicrobials is crucial for identifying tolerance mechanisms and for developing new therapies. Using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and proteomics, this study examines the response of Staphylococcus aureus to linezolid (LZD) treatment. Under LZD stress, significant fluctuations were observed in key metabolic pathways such as amino acid biosynthesis and the TCA cycle, alongside a general increase in ribosomal protein complexes.

[A study on the effects of learning on the properties of rats hippocampal-prefrontal connections in a memory task].

The transmission and interaction of neural information between the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex play an important role in learning and memory. However, the specific effects of learning memory-related tasks on the connectivity characteristics between these two brain regions remain inadequately understood. This study employed microelectrode recording to obtain local field potentials (LFPs) from the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in eight rats during the performance of a T-maze task, assessed both before and after task learning.

Efficient red-emitting carbon dots and albumin composites for precise synovial bioimaging in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that frequently leads to significant disabilities and requires complex therapeutic strategies. Early detection and accurate monitoring of synovial lesions are crucial for effective treatment; however, the development of targeted imaging probes remains a significant challenge. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is overexpressed in the synovium and the concentration of serum albumin is lower in RA patients.

Semaglutide reprograms macrophages via the GLP-1R/PPARG/ACSL1 pathway to suppress papillary thyroid carcinoma growth.

Context: The use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists such as semaglutide, a novel class of antidiabetic medications, has raised concerns about potential adverse effects, particularly a possible association with thyroid cancer (TC).

Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether semaglutide influences the progression of TC by modulating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs).

Methods: Semaglutide was administered to human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) xenograft mouse models, co-culture systems consisting of human THP-1 macrophage cells and PTC cells, and primary murine peritoneal macrophages.

Mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotics Resistance Revealed by Adaptive Laboratory Evolution.

Infection caused by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a serious public health and veterinary concern. Lack of a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the emergence of drug-resistant strains, it makes S. aureus one of the most intractable pathogenic bacteria.

Type-B response regulator RRB12 regulates nodule formation in Lotus japonicus.

Background: The mutualistic beneficial relationship between legume plants and rhizobia enables the growth of plants in nitrogen-limiting conditions. Rhizobia infect legumes through root hairs and trigger nodule organogenesis in the cortex. The plant hormone cytokinin plays a pivotal role in regulating both rhizobial infection and the initiation of nodule development.

Effect of the diet level of whole-plant corn silage on the colonic microflora of Hezuo pigs.

Background: Whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) is an important roughage source for livestock, and have critical influences on rumen or intestinal microbiota, thus affecting the growth performance and feed efficiency. Our previous studies showed that adding WPCS to the diet of Hezuo pigs could promote the growth and fiber digestibility. While the aim of this study is to understand the effect of dietary WPCS on the colonic microflora in Hezuo pigs, which is essential for improving the roughage exploitation of pigs.

Differential Adjuvant Activity by Flagellins from , Serotype Typhimurium, and .

(1) : The adjuvant properties of flagellin from various bacterial species have been extensively studied; however, a systematic comparison of the immunoadjuvant effects of flagellins from different bacterial species is lacking. This study aims to analyze the amino acid sequences and structural features of flagellins from (FliC), serotype Typhimurium (FliC), and (FliC), and to evaluate their adjuvant activities in terms of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) activation, antibody production, and cytokine responses in a murine model. (2) : Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to compare the amino acid sequences and structural domains (D0, D1, D2, and D3) of flagellins from the three bacterial species.

Cost-effective synthesis and application of Cu²⁺-doped melamine formaldehyde resin for enhanced tetracycline enrichment in environmental water.

Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are typically present at low residue levels in environmental water, necessitating enrichment prior to analysis. In this study, a Cu-doped melamine formaldehyde resin (Cu-MFR) was synthesized to enhance the adsorption efficiency for TCs, leveraging the formation of stable Cu-TC complexes on the sorbent surface. Then it was used as an adsorbent in solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the enrichment of four TCs from water samples.

Gender-Specific DNA Methylation Profiles Associated with Adult Weight in Hezuo Pigs.

The Hezuo pig, an important native Tibetan breed in China, exhibits differences in adult body weight, with females typically heavier than males. The underlying mechanisms for this disparity remain unclear. DNA methylation changes are known to influence animal growth and development and regulate Hezuo pig growth by altering gene expression related to these processes, thus differentially affecting adult body weight between genders.