Treatment Duration of Adjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients at High Risk of Recurrence after Resection: A Prospective, Multicentric Cohort Study.

Introduction: Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may improve recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study evaluated the effects of adjuvant ICI treatment duration on RFS and overall survival (OS) among patients with HCC at high risk of recurrence.

Methods: The RFS and OS of patients from three centers who received either adjuvant ICI therapy or active surveillance after curative hepatic resection between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023, were analyzed.

Tertiary lymphoid structures in HCC: Influence on immune cell profiles in tumors and on efficacy of adjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy after hepatectomy.

Background And Aims: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) may promote immune responses to HCC and thereby potentiate PD-1 inhibitor therapy; whether the structures are associated with a better prognosis for patients who receive adjuvant PD-1 inhibitors after curative hepatectomy is unclear.

Approach And Results: We analyzed the prevalence and maturity of TLS in tumors, the associations of such structures with survival after hepatectomy that was followed or not by adjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy, and the associations of the structures with the extent and profile of immune cells infiltrating tumors. Of 195 patients in prospective cohort who underwent hepatectomy followed by adjuvant PD-1 inhibitor therapy, the tumors in 109 (56%) contained TLS, and those patients showed significantly better recurrence-free (HR 0.

Fluorination-Assisted Interfacial Dipole for CsPbI Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 22% Efficiency.

Inorganic CsPbI perovskite attracts widespread attention in photovoltaic applications due to its superior thermal stability and optoelectronic properties. However, CsPbI perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still suffer from severe energy losses due to interface nonradiative recombination and undesirable charge carrier transfer, predominantly limiting their photovoltaic performance. Herein, an interfacial dipole engineering is introduced for CsPbI PSCs, in which azetidinium chloride (Az) and its fluorinated derivative 3,3-difluoroazetidinium chloride (DFAz) are employed to manipulate the interface properties of PSCs and thus diminish energy losses.

Identification of a liver fibrosis and disease progression-related transcriptome signature in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related liver fibrosis is closely associated with long-term outcomes of patients. This study aimed to establish a transcriptome signature to distinguish NAFLD patients with mild or advanced fibrosis and to monitor disease progression. Using least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression, we identified a signature of 11 hub genes by performing differential gene expression analysis in six bulk transcriptome profiles in the Gene Expression Omnibus database from liver fibrosis patients with different etiologies.

ICAM-1 may promote the loss of dopaminergic neurons by regulating inflammation in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mouse models.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with unclear pathogenesis that involves neuroinflammation and intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an inflammatory marker, participates in neuroinflammation during dopaminergic neuronal damage. However, the explicit mechanisms of action of ICAM-1 in PD have not been elucidated.

Adjuvant Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Treatment: Several Unanswered Questions.

Most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a poor prognosis. Hepatectomy and local ablation are the main curative treatments for HCC. Nevertheless, the recurrence rate after hepatectomy or ablation is up to 70%, which seriously affects patient prognosis.

Human extracellular matrix (ECM)-like collagen and its bioactivity.

Collagen, the most abundant structural protein in the human extracellular matrix (ECM), provides essential support for tissues and guides tissue development. Despite its widespread use in tissue engineering, there remains uncertainty regarding the optimal selection of collagen sources. Animal-derived sources pose challenges such as immunogenicity, while the recombinant system is hindered by diminished bioactivity.

Identification and validation of an H2AZ1-based index model: a novel prognostic tool for hepatocellular carcinoma.

The H2A.Z variant histone 1 (H2AZ1) is aberrantly expressed in various tumors, correlating with an unfavorable prognosis. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.

Prognostic value of aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy.

Background: The prognostic significance of the aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma remains uncertain. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between the AST/ALT ratio and prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy, and to explore the role of underlying liver diseases as mediators.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatectomy between January 2014 and January 2018 at two Chinese hospitals.

Entecavir versus tenofovir for prevention of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection: study protocol for a randomized, open-label trial.

Background: Entecavir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are standard first-line treatments to prevent viral reactivation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), but the long-term efficacy of the two drugs remains controversial. Also unclear is whether the drugs are effective at preventing viral reactivation or HCC recurrence after hepatectomy to treat HBV-associated HCC. This trial will compare recurrence-free survival, overall survival, viral indicators and adverse events in the long term between patients with HBV-associated HCC who receive entecavir or TDF after curative resection.

Research progress on pathogenic and therapeutic mechanisms of Enterovirus A71.

In recent years, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection has become a major global public health problem, especially for infants and young children. The results of epidemiological research show that EV-A71 infection can cause acute hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and complications of the nervous system in severe cases, including aseptic pediatric meningoencephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, and even death. Many studies have demonstrated that EV-A71 infection may trigger a variety of intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways, which are interconnected to form a network that leads to the innate immune response, immune escape, inflammation, and apoptosis in the host.

N-acetyl-L-leucine protects MPTP-treated Parkinson's disease mouse models by suppressing Desulfobacterota via the gut-brain axis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and communication between the gut and brain (the gut-brain axis) has been found to be essential in behavior and cognitive function. However, the exact mechanisms underlying microbiota dysbiosis in PD progression have not yet been elucidated. Our study aimed to investigate the correlation between gut microbiota disturbances and feces metabolic disorders in PD.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the deadliest cancers worldwide, and advanced HCC is difficult to treat. Identifying specific cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment and exploring interactions between the cells and their environment are crucial for understanding the development, prognosis, and treatment of tumors. In this study, we constructed a tumor ecological landscape of 14 patients with HCC from 43 tumor tissue samples and 14 adjacent control samples.

miR-17-5p slows progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating TGFβR2.

Objective: Downregulation of miR-17-5p has been reported in several cancers, but whether and how miR-17-5p is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. Here, we examined whether miR-17-5p is downregulated in HCC and whether that affects expression of its target gene encoding transforming growth factor β receptor 2 (TGFβR).

Methods: We screened for potential microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in HCC by analyzing published transcriptomes from HCC patients.

Whole-Transcriptome Sequencing Combined with High-Dimensional Proteomic Technologies Reveals the Potential Value of miR-135b-5p as a Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with great heterogeneity and a high mortality rate. It is crucial to identify reliable biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment to improve clinical outcomes in patients with HCC. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is not only a widely used biomarker in clinical practice but also plays a complicated role in HCC, and it has recently been considered to be related to immunotherapy.

-related signature for predicting prognosis and tumor microenvironment characteristics in bladder cancer: A multi-omics study.

The tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated or inactivated in bladder cancer (BLCA), which is implicated in the pathogenesis of tumor. However, the cellular mechanisms of mutations are complicated, yet well-defined, but their clinical prognostic value in the management of BLCA remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the role of mutation in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), elucidate the effects of activity on BLCA prognosis and immunotherapy response.

Current knowledge about the outbreak of acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin among children.

Background And Aim: A recent outbreak of acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology (ASHep-UA) among children 16 years old and younger has aroused global concern. Initially reported in central Scotland, the disease has been notified in 35 countries and linked to 22 deaths as of 25 September 2022. This review aimed to provide current knowledge about the outbreak of ASHep-UA.

Single-Cell Proteomic Analysis Dissects the Complexity of Tumor Microenvironment in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a malignancy with considerable heterogeneity. The MIBC tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly complex, comprising diverse phenotypes and spatial architectures. The complexity of the MIBC TME must be characterized to provide potential targets for precision therapy.

Integrative Transcriptomic, Lipidomic, and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Potential Biomarkers of Basal and Luminal Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Subtypes.

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a heterogeneous disease with a high recurrence rate and poor clinical outcomes. Molecular subtype provides a new framework for the study of MIBC heterogeneity. Clinically, MIBC can be classified as basal and luminal subtypes; they display different clinical and pathological characteristics, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear.

Transcriptomic Analysis of Gene Networks Regulated by U11 Small Nuclear RNA in Bladder Cancer.

Small nuclear RNA is a class of non-coding RNA that widely exist in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Accumulated evidences have shown that small nuclear RNAs are associated with the regulation of gene expression in various tumor types. To explore the gene expression changes and its potential effects mediated by U11 snRNA in bladder cancer cells, U11 snRNA knockout and overexpressed cell lines were constructed and further used to analyze the gene expression changes by RNA sequencing.

A combination of ssGSEA and mass cytometry identifies immune microenvironment in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical courses and responses to treatment. To improve the prognosis of patients, it is necessary to understand such heterogeneity.

Methods: We used single-sample gene set enrichment analysis to classify 35 MIBC cases into immunity-high and immunity-low groups.

[Spectrum Variance Analysis of Tree Leaves Under the Condition of Different Leaf water Content].

Leaf water content is an important factor affecting tree spectral characteristics. So Exploring the leaf spectral characteristics change rule of the same tree under the condition of different leaf water content and the spectral differences of different tree leaves under the condition of the same leaf water content are not only the keys of hyperspectral vegetation remote sensing information identification but also the theoretical support of research on vegetation spectrum change as the differences in leaf water content. The spectrometer was used to observe six species of tree leaves, and the reflectivity and first order differential spectrum of different leaf water content were obtained.