Using apparent isotope enrichment factor to mitigate disturbances in isotopic fractionation analysis and leakage tracing by background groundwater at landfill sites across different regions.

Leaking point investigation remains a pervasive challenge. In this study, an apparent isotope enrichment factor (ε) was proposed to mitigate disturbances on isotopic fractionation within leachate and groundwater by background waters at landfill sites across different regions. Furthermore, a leaking point tracing method was developed based on the combination of εH and εC-difference in dissolved carbon (εC), and data points from landfill sites across different regions can be used comprehensively in this method.

Time-space patterns of groundwater contamination in a closed MSW landfill: Insights from long-term monitoring and SOM-based clustering analysis.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachates contain a high load of pollutants, which pose a significant threat to water resources. Evaluating the factors influencing the long-term environmental impacts of MSW landfills, especially the geological and hydrogeological factors, is crucial for the effective risk management of landfill sites. This study investigates the time-space patterns of groundwater contamination at a closed MSW landfill in China, utilizing one and a half years of monitoring datasets and SOM-based clustering analysis.

Mixture effects on the tracing significance of carbon and hydrogen isotopes for identifying leaking points at landfills: Insights from theoretical analysis and field investigation.

Quantitative technologies for identifying leaking points at landfills remain a pervasive challenge. This study aimed to elucidate the mixture effects on tracing significance of carbon and hydrogen isotopes in leachate plumes caused by leachate leakage. Theoretical analysis based on isotopic mass balance, along with field investigation, were conducted.

A Comparative Study on the Melt Crystallization of Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate--terephthalate) and Poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate) Copolyesters.

As an important biodegradable and partially biobased copolyester, poly(butylene succinate--terephthalate) (PBST) possesses comparable thermal and mechanical properties and superior gas barrier performance when compared with poly(butylene adipate--terephthalate) (PBAT), but it was found to display poorer melt processability during pelletizing and injection molding. To make clear its melt crystallization behavior under rapid cooling, PBST and PBST were synthesized, and their melt crystallization was investigated comparatively with PBAT. PBST showed a PBAT-comparable melt crystallization performance at a cooling rate of 10 °C/min or at isothermal conditions, but it showed a melt crystallization ability at a cooling rate of 40 °C/min which was clearly poorer.

The role of ascorbate redox turnover in iron toxicity tolerance.

Iron (Fe) toxicity is a major abiotic stress in lowland rice production. Breeding tolerant varieties has proven challenging due to the complex genetic architecture of Fe toxicity tolerance and the strong genotype-by-environment interactions. Additionally, conventional methods for phenotyping visible stress symptoms are often inaccurate, inconsistent, and lack reproducibility.

Using a combination of δC-difference in dissolved inorganic and organic carbon, δH, and δO to localize leachate leaks at landfill sites in China.

The investigation of leachate leakage at numerous landfill sites is urgently needed. This study presents an exploration of environmental tracing methods using δH and δC-difference in dissolved carbon (δC) to localize leachate leak points at landfill sites. δH, δC, δC, δO, and an array of physicochemical indices (e.

Tracking groundwater pollution plumes at landfill sites using borehole hydrochemical and hydrodynamic profile (BHHP) method.

Groundwater pollution at landfill sites poses a significant risk to human health and ecological security. However, efficiently tracking pollution plumes in a polluted aquifer with variable pollutants remains challenging. In order to track groundwater pollution plumes at landfill sites, an in-situ borehole hydrochemical and hydrodynamic profile (BHHP) method was developed.

Differential effects of arsenite and arsenate on rice (Oryza sativa) plants differing in glutathione S-transferase gene expression.

Contamination of paddy soils with arsenic (As) can cause phytotoxicity in rice and increase the accumulation of arsenic in grains. The uptake and accumulation of As in rice depends on the different As species present in the soil. Plants detoxify As by conjugating and sequestering xenobiotic compounds into vacuoles using various enzymes.

A passive sink-zeolite permeable reactive barrier to control NH-N pollution plume within groundwater: Conceptual design and numerical modeling.

Ammonium nitrogen (NH-N) is a typical inorganic pollutant in the groundwater at landfill sites, and high-concentration NH-N is toxic to humans and organisms. Zeolite can effectively remove NH-N in water by adsorption, and it is suitable to be used as a type of reactive materials for permeable reactive barriers (PRBs). A passive sink-zeolite PRB (PS-zPRB) with higher capture efficiency than a continuous permeable reactive barrier (C-PRB) was proposed.

Survey of malaria vectors on the Cambodia, Thailand and China-Laos Borders.

Background: Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles minimus and Anopheles dirus are the major vectors of malaria transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). The malaria burden in this region has decreased significantly in recent years as all GMS countries progress towards malaria elimination. It is necessary to investigate the Anopheles diversity and abundance status and assess the Plasmodium infection rates to understand the malaria transmission potential of these vector species in GMS countries to guide the development of up-to-date vector control strategies and interventions.

Population genetic structure and evolutionary genetics of Anopheles sinensis based on knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and mtDNA-COII gene in China-Laos, Thailand-Laos, and Cambodia-Laos borders.

Background: Vector control is still a pivotal method for preventing malaria, and its potency is weakened by the increasing resistance of vectors to chemical insecticides. As the most abundant and vital malaria vector in Southeast Asia, the chemical insecticide resistance status in Anopheles sinensis remains elusive in Laos, which makes it imperative to evaluate the true nature of chemical insecticide resistance-associated genetic mutations in An. sinensis in Laos.

OsSWEET11b, a potential sixth leaf blight susceptibility gene involved in sugar transport-dependent male fertility.

SWEETs play important roles in intercellular sugar transport. Induction of SWEET sugar transporters by Transcription Activator-Like effectors (TALe) of Xanthomonas ssp. is key for virulence in rice, cassava and cotton.

Interactive effects of tropospheric ozone and blast disease (Magnaporthe oryzae) on different rice genotypes.

Rising tropospheric ozone concentrations can cause rice yield losses and necessitate the breeding of ozone-tolerant rice varieties. However, ozone tolerance should not compromise the resistance to important biotic stresses such as the rice blast disease. Therefore, we investigated the interactive effects of ozone and rice blast disease on nine different rice varieties in an experiment testing an ozone treatment, blast inoculation, and their interaction.

Identification of Promising Genotypes Through Systematic Evaluation for Arsenic Tolerance and Exclusion in Rice ( L.).

Rice remains a major staple food source for the rapidly growing world population. However, regular occurrences of carcinogenic arsenic (As) minerals in waterlogged paddy topsoil pose a great threat to rice production and consumers across the globe. Although As contamination in rice has been well recognized over the past two decades, no suitable rice germplasm had been identified to exploit in adaptive breeding programs.

High Throughput Analyses of Ascorbate-turnover Enzyme Activities in Rice ( L.) Seedlings.

Ascorbate (Vitamin C) fulfills various functions in plant photosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance. The four key enzymes involved in the ascorbate-turnover pathway are ascorbate peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase. Several reports have shown the pivotal roles of these enzymes in plant development and stress tolerance.

Digenic heterozygous mutations of KCNH2 and SCN5A induced young and early-onset long QT syndrome and sinoatrial node dysfunction.

Introduction: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a life-threatening inherited channelopathy, and prolonged QT intervals easily trigger malignant arrhythmias, especially torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation.

Materials And Methods: The proband with overlapped phenotypes of LQTS and sinoatrial node dysfunction underwent some necessary examinations, including echocardiography, electrocardiogram (ECG), and Holter monitoring. Next, whole-exome sequencing was performed, and candidate genes were validated by Sanger sequencing.

Superior Gas Barrier Properties of Biodegradable PBST vs. PBAT Copolyesters: A Comparative Study.

As a bio-based counterpart of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), the well-known commercially available biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyester, poly(butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (PBST) has comparable physical and mechanical properties, but its gas barrier properties, which are very important for packaging material and mulch film applications, have not yet been reported in literature. In this paper, the O, CO and water vapor barrier properties of PBST vs. PBAT were comparatively studied and reported for the first time.

Molecular phylogeny of the Anopheles hyrcanus group (Diptera: Culicidae) based on rDNA-ITS2 and mtDNA-COII.

Background: The Anopheles hyrcanus group, which includes 25 species, is widely distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic regions. Given the difficulty in identifying cryptic or sibling species based on their morphological characteristics, molecular identification is regarded as an important complementary approach to traditional morphological taxonomy. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Hyrcanus group using DNA barcoding markers in order to determine the phylogenetic correlations of closely related taxa and to compare these markers in terms of identification efficiency and genetic divergence among species.

Efficient -mediated Transformation of The Elite- Rice Variety Komboka.

Genetic transformation is crucial for both investigating gene functions and for engineering of crops to introduce new traits. Rice ( L.) is an important model in plant research, since it is the staple food for more than half of the world's population.

Chromosomal introgressions from Oryza meridionalis into domesticated rice Oryza sativa result in iron tolerance.

Iron (Fe) toxicity is one of the most common mineral disorders affecting rice (Oryza sativa) production in flooded lowland fields. Oryza meridionalis is indigenous to northern Australia and grows in regions with Fe-rich soils, making it a candidate for use in adaptive breeding. With the aim of understanding tolerance mechanisms in rice, we screened a population of interspecific introgression lines from a cross between O.

Stiffening, strengthening, and toughening of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) with a low nanoinclusion usage.

Simultaneous stiffening, strengthening, and toughening of biodegradable polymers, such as poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and others, is necessary for their use in packaging and agriculture applications. However, a high content of nanoinclusions is usually required, leading to a tradeoff between composite toughness and strength or stiffness in the reinforcement. Herein, we report an iterative reinforcement strategy that uses one nanocomposite to reinforce PBAT.

Development of marker-free rice with stable and high resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease through RNA interference.

The rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) disease causes severe rice yield losses in Asia. RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely applied to develop antiviral varieties in plants. So far, only a few studies reported the application of RNAi in rice against RBSDV and most of them are lack of enough data to support its breeding potential, which limited the progress on developing RBSDV-resistant variety.

Evaluation of rice wild relatives as a source of traits for adaptation to iron toxicity and enhanced grain quality.

Rice wild relatives (RWR) constitute an extended gene pool that can be tapped for the breeding of novel rice varieties adapted to abiotic stresses such as iron (Fe) toxicity. Therefore, we screened 75 Oryza genotypes including 16 domesticated O. sativa genotypes, one O.

Laboratory experiments on HMC coupling mechanisms in innovative clean foundation treatments for Zn-contaminated dredger fills.

Large-scale contaminated dredger fills have comprehensively resulted from human activities and geological deposition processes, and their disposal is a worldwide challenge. Innovative soil remediation coupling foundation treatment methods, namely, clean foundation treatment methods (CFTMs), were proposed and verified using a hydraulic-mechanical-chemical coupling triaxial testing system. The CFTM exploration triaxial tests on undisturbed clayey, silty, and sandy dredger fills showed that the critical injection significantly dilated soil volume even after the soil was vacuum pumped.