Dynamic trend analysis of global psoriasis burden from 1990 to 2021: a study of gender, age, and regional differences based on GBD 2021 data.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease associated with systemic comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and depression. While genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors are known contributors, the precise etiology remains uncertain. This study uses data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2021) database to examine global and regional trends in psoriasis incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), analyzing differences by gender, age, and region to guide public health planning.

High expression of SOX9 is a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of glioma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) originates from neuroepithelial tissue and is one of the most common intracranial malignant tumors in adults, with high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. In recent years, SOX9 has been reported to play an important role in many diseases and cancers, and is a promising target, but it has been rarely reported in GBM.

Methods: RNA sequencing data of GBM were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database for analysis of SOX9 expression and differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

Global trends and heterogeneity in the burden of brain and central nervous system cancers among children and adolescents: An analysis based on GBD 2021 data.

Background: Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers are among the most challenging pediatric malignancies, with significant impacts on neurodevelopment, quality of life, and long-term outcomes. However, comprehensive global assessments across demographic and socio-economic strata remain limited.

Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), we analyzed trends in incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for pediatric brain and CNS cancers from 1990 to 2021.

Rewiring photosynthetic carbon flow: Engineered cyanobacterial factories for sustainable carbohydrate production and carbon-negative biomanufacturing.

Cyanobacteria are promising platforms for light-driven carbon fixation and carbohydrate biosynthesis. However, optimization strategies that focus solely on carbon allocation are insufficient to achieve substantial improvements in yield and sustainability. Here, Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 was engineered to enhance sucrose production by simultaneously increasing total carbon input and reinforcing the artificial sink.

Clinical validation of a deep learning model for low-count PET image enhancement.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of the deep learning model RaDynPET on fourfold reduced-count whole-body PET examinations.

Methods: A total of 120 patients (84 internal cohorts and 36 external cohorts) undergoing F-FDG PET/CT examinations were enrolled. PET images were reconstructed using OSEM algorithm with 120-s (G120) and 30-s (G30) list-mode data.

Global incidence trends and projections of Alzheimer disease and other dementias: an age-period-cohort analysis 2021.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a growing global health issue, with incidence varying by gender, age, and region. Understanding these trends is essential for developing effective prevention strategies as the population ages. Unlike previous Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies that primarily focussed on prevalence and mortality, we offer a novel perspective by examining historical incidence trends and projecting future patterns of AD and other dementias using advanced analytical approaches.

Investigation of deformation of existing tunnel due to above excavation unloading considering tunnel lateral response.

The safety of underlying metro tunnels is significantly compromised when the excavation of the overlying foundation pit is not properly conducted. Currently, research on the longitudinal deformation of tunnels induced by upper excavation typically relies on the Pasternak model, which assumes the tunnel behaves as a slender beam with a circular cross-section. However, due to the complexity in characterizing convergence deformation under lateral loading conditions, few studies have systematically explored its influence on the tunnel deformation.

Global trends and projections of Parkinson's disease incidence: a 30-year analysis using GBD 2021 data.

Background And Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor dysfunction and non-motor symptoms like cognitive decline and depression. With the aging global population, PD incidence is anticipated to rise, especially in regions with rapidly growing elderly populations. This study leverages Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data to analyze the burden of PD by region, sex, and age group, examining trends from 1992 to 2021 and projecting the future burden to 2030.

Global trends and burden of idiopathic epilepsy: regional and gender differences from 1990 to 2021 and future outlook.

Background: Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) remains a significant neurological disorder, contributing to substantial global morbidity and mortality. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the global burden of IE from 1990 to 2021, focusing on trends in incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across different geographic regions. Additionally, the study projects IE burden trends through 2036, providing insights for future public health interventions.

Deep learning-based image domain reconstruction enhances image quality and pulmonary nodule detection in ultralow-dose CT with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V.

Objectives: To evaluate the image quality and lung nodule detectability of ultralow-dose CT (ULDCT) with adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (ASiR-V) post-processed using a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR)-based image domain compared to low-dose CT (LDCT) and ULDCT without DLIR.

Materials And Methods: A total of 210 patients undergoing lung cancer screening underwent LDCT (mean ± SD, 0.81 ± 0.

Sandstorms contribute to the atmospheric microplastic pollution: Transport and accumulation from degraded lands to a megacity.

Surface dust from degraded lands is a major global aerosol source, mobilized by meteorological events like sandstorms. Microplastics (MPs) in dust can be enriched in the atmosphere and transported over long distances to sensitive regions during sandstorms. This study was conducted in a megacity frequently impacted by sandstorms in spring, exploring the influx, characteristics, enrichment mechanism, and transport pathway of sandstorm-derived MPs.

Global, regional, and national burden of intracerebral hemorrhage and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: results from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results from the rupture of blood vessels causing bleeding within the brain and is one of the major causes of death and long-term disability globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite having a lower incidence than ischemic stroke, ICH imposes a greater social and economic burden. To our knowledge, since the release of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) report, there has been no comprehensive update on the epidemiology and trends of ICH.

Human Exposure to Ambient Atmospheric Microplastics in a Megacity: Spatiotemporal Variation and Associated Microorganism-Related Health Risk.

Microplastics are found in various human tissues and are considered harmful, raising concerns about human exposure to microplastics in the environment. Existing research has analyzed indoor and occupational scenarios, but long-term monitoring of ambient atmospheric microplastics (AMPs), especially in highly polluted urban regions, needs to be further investigated. This study estimated human environmental exposure to AMPs by considering inhalation, dust ingestion, and dermal exposure in three urban functional zones within a megacity.

Halide Anions Tuning of Lead-Free Perovskite-Type Ferroelectric Semiconductors with Inverse High-Temperature Symmetry Breaking.

There is a noticeable gap in the literature regarding research on halogen-substitution-regulated ferroelectric semiconductors featuring multiple phase transitions. Here, a new category of 1D perovskite ferroelectrics (DFP)SbX (DFP = 3,3-difluoropyrrolidium, X = I, Br, abbreviated as I-1 and Br-2) with twophase transitions (PTs) is reported. The first low-temperature PT is a mmmFmm2 ferroelectric PT, while the high-temperature PT is a counterintuitive inverse temperature symmetry-breaking PT.

Potential environmental risks of field bio/non-degradable microplastic from mulching residues in farmland: Evidence from metagenomic analysis of plastisphere.

The plastisphere may act as reservoir of antibiotic resistome, accelerating global antimicrobial resistance dissemination. However, the environmental risks in the plastisphere of field microplastics (MPs) in farmland remain largely unknown. Here, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) on polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) and polybutylene adipate terephthalate and polylactic acid microplastics (PBAT/PLA-MPs) from residues were investigated using metagenomic analysis.

Taxifolin inhibits melanoma proliferation/migration impeding USP18/Rac1/JNK/β-catenin oncogenic signaling.

Background: Metastatic melanoma is a fatal cancer. Despite the advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for patients with melanoma, drug resistance and low response rates pose a considerable challenge. Taxifolin is a multifunctional natural compound with emerging antitumor potentials.

Enhanced Electrocaloric Effect of Lead Scandium Tantalate by Zirconium Doping.

The electrocaloric effect (ECE) is a novel technology that offers high efficiency and environmental friendliness, making it suitable for solid-state refrigeration applications. Among the extensively studied ECE materials, lead scandium tantalate (PST) stands out for its excellent performance. However, its applications are restricted by its narrow working temperature range.

Microplastics in the atmosphere: Adsorb on leaves and their effects on the phyllosphere bacterial community.

Phyllosphere is the largest interface between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems and serves as a major sink for atmospheric microplastics (MPs). It is also a unique habitat for microbiota with diverse ecological functions. This field study investigated the characteristics of atmospheric MPs adsorbed on leaves with automatic technology, and found their abundance was 3.

Differential fungal assemblages and functions between the plastisphere of biodegradable and conventional microplastics in farmland.

The heterogeneity of plastisphere and soil can lead to variation in microbiome, potentially impacting soil functions. Current studies of the plastisphere have mainly focused on bacterial communities, and fungal communities are poorly understood. Biodegradable and conventional microplastics may recruit specific microbial taxa due to their different biodegradability.

Plastic substrate and residual time of microplastics in the urban river shape the composition and structure of bacterial communities in plastisphere.

The widespread secondary microplastics (MPs) in urban freshwater, originating from plastic wastes, have created a new habitat called plastisphere for microorganisms. The factors influencing the structure and ecological risks of the microbial community within the plastisphere are not yet fully understood. We conducted an in-site incubation experiment in an urban river, using MPs from garbage bags (GB), shopping bags (SB), and plastic bottles (PB).

Efficacy and safety of innate and adaptive immunotherapy combined with standard of care in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Malignant glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor with the highest mortality. In the era of immunotherapy, it is important to determine what type of immunotherapy provides the best chance of survival.

Method: Here, the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma (HGG) were evaluated by systematic review and meta-analysis.

The oil price-macroeconomy dependence.

This paper investigates the relationship between the price of oil and real output in the United States in the context of a Markov regime switching, identified, structural GARCH-in-Mean VAR model with copulas. We use the copula method to investigate the nonlinear dependence structure, as well as (upper and lower) tail dependence, between the price of oil and real output growth, and Markov regime switching to account for changing oil price dynamics over the sample period. We find an asymmetric negative dependence structure between oil price and output growth shocks and that oil price uncertainty has a negative and statistically significant effect on real output growth.