Microglia-derived exosomes modulate myelin regeneration via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway in oligodendrocyte precursor cells in MS.

Demyelination is a prominent feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), where the ability of damaged areas to regenerate myelin is limited. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) accumulate in these areas but struggle to mature into oligodendrocytes (OLGs). Microglia also gather at the lesion site, but their impact on OPCs differentiation is not well understood.

Neuropeptide Precursor VGF Promotes Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Activation in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Neuroendocrine differentiation is a prominent feature of SCLC. This study identified VGF, a secreted neuropeptide precursor, as a critical regulator of neuroendocrine differentiation in SCLC, particularly the ASCL1+ subtype.

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulation of brain network connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment.

Background: High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) enhances cognitive function, but its mechanisms and neural basis in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are unclear. This study investigated whether HD-tDCS modulates cognition in MCI patients and correlates with resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) measured changes in spontaneous brain activity.

Methods: Forty-three patients with MCI were randomized to receive 10 sessions of active HD-tDCS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or sham stimulation.

Nanostructured GelMA colloidal gels as bioinks for freeform multi-mode 3D printing: better replacement for the classical GelMA polymeric inks.

Methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels have been well-recognized as a widely-used natural polymer for biofabrications due to the adaptability for multiple crosslinking schemes, desirable biocompatibility and biodegradability, and ease of chemical functionalization. With regard to 3D bioprinting, however, GelMA has shown unsatisfactory printing stability and accuracy due to slow sol-gel transition, suboptimal mechanical strength, and strict temperature control for printing. We herein developed an innovative dual-crosslinkable colloidal inks composed of self-assembled GelMA nanospheres with 80 % self-healing efficiency, which outperform the traditional GelMA polymeric inks in terms of enhanced printability and fidelity, broader printing temperature range, adjustable mechanical strength ranging from brain analogue 2.

Molecular characterization and expression of in testes of the sterile male cattle-yak.

The male hybrid of cattle and yak is sterile, while the female is fertile. This is caused by aberrations with the process of spermatogenesis. SPATA22 plays a critical role in the pairing of homologous chromosomes, synapsis, DNA repair, and meiotic recombination; dysregulation of which can disrupt these processes, resulting in meiotic arrest and male sterility in mammals.

Higher Circulating Alpha-klotho Levels Increase All-cause Mortality Through Mediation Effects of Liver Fibrosis: A Second Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: Laboratory studies have demonstrated that mice with α-klotho gene deficiency experience a shortened lifespan, but epidemiological evidence linking circulating α-klotho levels and mortality remain inconclusive. This study aimed to examine the association between α-klotho and mortality and to explore how liver fibrosis mediates this association.

Methods: The participants were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016, who were followed up through December 31, 2019.

Computational exploration of Eucommia ulmoides flavonoids as potential RANKL inhibitors via molecular docking and dynamics simulations.

Osteoporosis, characterized by excessive osteoclast activation, is mediated through the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling axis. While flavonoids from Eucommia ulmoides (EU) have demonstrated anti-osteoclastogenic activity, their atomic-level mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we investigated six EU-derived flavonoids (cyrtominetin, quercetin, syringetin, genistein, ombuin, and kaempferol) targeting RANKL using integrated computational approaches.

A Review of Pesticide Residues in Pears: Current Status, Dissipation Pattern and Detection Methods.

Pears are pome fruits widely cultivated and consumed globally due to their unique taste and flavor. The application of pesticides is a significant practice to combat pear pests and diseases across the world; however, pesticide use during production frequently results in undesirable residues in postharvest pear products, raising concerns about potential health impacts. Thus, the monitoring of pesticide residues (PRs) in pears has always been of great importance.

LncRNA NEAT1 protects uremic toxin-induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury by regulating miR-122-5p/Occludin axis.

Background: Long non-coding RNA(LncRNA) has been reported to be associated with intestinal barrier damage. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of lncRNA Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in uremic toxin-induced intestinal epithelial barrier injury.

Methods: Human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) were used to establish intestinal epithelial injury models with the urea treatment in different conditions.

Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified HMGB3 as a promising immunotherapy target for glioblastoma multiforme.

Objective: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) presents significant therapeutic challenges due to its heterogeneous tumorigenicity, drug resistance, and immunosuppression. Although several molecular markers have been developed, there still lack of sensitive molecular for accurately detection. Studying the mechanisms underlying the development of GBM and finding relevant prognostic biomarkers remains crucial.

Global, regional and national burden of liver cancer 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Liver cancer is a growing global health issue, with significant geographical disparities in prevalence and mortality. Understanding these differences is key to developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: We analyzed liver cancer trends from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

Tensor Nuclear Norm-Based Multi-Channel Atomic Representation for Robust Face Recognition.

Numerous representation-based classification (RC) methods have been developed for face recognition due to their decent model interpretability and robustness against noise. Most existing RC methods primarily characterize the gray-scale reconstruction error image (single-channel data) in two ways: the one-dimensional (1D) pixel-based error model and the two-dimensional (2D) gray-scale image-matrix-based error model. The former measures the reconstruction error pixel by pixel, while the latter leverages 2D structural information of the gray-scale error image, such as the low-rank property.

Engineered extracellular vesicles for TGF-β encapsulation as a therapeutic strategy against LPS-induced systemic inflammation.

Inflammation underlies a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model is widely recognized as a classical inflammatory paradigm, while Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) serves as a potent immunosuppressant capable of inhibiting immune responses and mitigating inflammation. However, its in vivo instability and the high cost associated with purification have imposed limitations on its clinical application. Therefore, we propose a therapeutic strategy for genetically modifying extracellular vesicles (HEVs) derived from HEK-293 T cells to incorporate TGF-β which holds potential for mitigating LPS-induced inflammation.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Outcomes and Treatment of Patients Admitted with Heart Failure: A Nationwide Analysis.

: Heart failure is the leading cause of hospital admission and mortality. Racial disparities have been demonstrated in various cardiovascular disorders; however, the data for in-hospital outcomes, complications, and procedural rates are limited. : Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, this retrospective cohort study included adult patients admitted with a principal diagnosis of heart failure.

Beclin1 regulates yak endometrial inflammation and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway through autophagy/non-autophagy function.

Beclin1 is an autophagy related factor, and it is capable of mediating non-autophagy functions, too. Yak endometritis represents a significant obstetric ailment that impedes the normal breeding process. The current understanding of the beclin1 effect on endometrial inflammation in yak remains limited.

Generalized lymphatic anomaly in a pediatric patient manifesting as a rare presentation of hemorrhagic pleural effusion: a case report.

Background: Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA) is a rare congenital lymphatic malformation (LM) characterized by multiple infiltrating lymphangiomas in various tissues. Owing to its rarity, information on this disease is obtained mainly through case reports, leading to delayed diagnosis. In this study, we reported a case of generalized lymphatic anomaly in a pediatric patient manifesting as hemorrhagic pleural effusion.

Validation of a Novel Strategy for Fluorescence Quenching for a Self-Quenching Fluorogenic Probe and Its Application for Visual Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Detection During Food Safety Analysis.

The self-quenching fluorogenic probe facilitates precise identification of LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) amplicons, unaffected by non-specific products resulting from primer dimers. However, low quenching efficiency by surrounding nucleobases leads to high background signal, posing significant challenges for visual inspection with the naked eye. The present study aims to identify an oligonucleotide sequence that is complementary to the self-quenching fluorogenic probe, and to employ the fluorescence super-quenching mechanism of double-stranded DNA to establish a visualization system for the LAMP assay.

Bleeding, stroke, and mortality risk of patients with septic shock receiving anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation.

Background: There are limited data on the effects of therapeutic anticoagulation (AC) on stroke and bleeding risk in patients with sepsis-induced atrial fibrillation (AF).

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of therapeutic AC on the development of inpatient strokes and significant bleeding in hospitalized patients with septic shock and AF.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study examined 604 patients with septic shock and AF.

Influence of sonication-assisted fermentation on the physicochemical features and antioxidant activities of yogurts fortified by polyphenol-rich pineapple peel powder with varied chemical profiling.

This study investigated the effects of pineapple peel powder with varied chemical profiles and sonication-assisted polyphenol biotransformation during fermentation on the quality characteristics of yogurt products. It aimed at exploring the feasibility of sonication-assisted fermentation to enhance the physicochemical properties, control post-acidification, and improve antioxidant activities in yogurts fortified with polyphenol-rich pineapple peel powder. Targeted analysis showed that polyphenol-rich pineapple dietary fiber obtained by ultrasonication-assisted extraction (NPFU) exhibited the slowest rates of acidification, highest antioxidant capacity, and lowest degree of whey separation at 21.

Molten globule-state protein structure: Perspectives from food processing applications.

Under specific pretreatment or processing conditions, spheroprotein can be transformed into a molten globule state, a typical protein conformation with enhanced functionality. Analyzing the correlation between the formation of molten-globule structures and their quality and functional characteristics is critical for developing tailored processing features, especially for minimally processed future foods. This review outlines the mechanisms driving the formation of molten globule proteins through various processes including ultra-high pressure pretreatments, heating, ultrasonication, pH-shifting, macromolecular crowding and exposure to small-molecule denaturants.

A novel pyrazole-pyrazoline fluorescent probe for the detection of Cu and Fe in living cells.

Copper ions and iron ions are abundant metal ions in nature, and are also essential trace elements in the human body, playing a crucial role in various physiological activities. However, the detection of copper and iron ions also poses significant challenges. This article reports the synthesis of a novel fluorescent probe X based on the pyrazole structure, which exhibits unique optoelectronic properties, strong biological activity, good selectivity, excellent detection limit, high sensitivity, and its structure was characterized by H NMR, C NMR, and HR-ESI-MS.

Effect of pre-acidification induction on the physicochemical features, myofibrillar protein microstructure, and headspace volatiles of ready-to-cook goose meat.

This study examined the impact of pre-acidification induction on the quality attributes and flavor retention of ready-to-cook (RTC) goose meat products. The results demonstrated that pre-acidification could influence the eating qualities of RTC goose meat by effectively regulating the physicochemical properties of goose myofibrillar proteins (MP) including solubility and water-holding capacity. Elevated carbonyl contents indicated an enhanced gel-forming capacity in RTC goose meat during storage, accompanied with reduced total sulfhydryl contents from enhanced protonation pretreatment and augmented lipid oxidation.

Experimental Analysis of Gas Injection Feasibility and Evaluation of Enhanced Recovery Potential in Mahu Tight Conglomerate Reservoirs.

A series of development technologies of "horizontal well plus volume fracturing" have been established to achieve an annual output of one million tons of crude oil in 7 the Mahu tight conglomerate reservoir. However, such oil fields generally face problems such as rapid pressure drop, rapid production decline, difficulty in water injection, and gas channeling, seriously affecting the beneficial development of tight conglomerate reservoirs. To solve these problems, in this study, we carried out the feasibility experiment of different gas injection developments and the potential evaluation of enhanced oil recovery based on the combination of laboratory experiments and numerical simulation.