Locusts adopt IP as a second messenger for olfactory signal transduction.

Insects, unlike vertebrates, use heteromeric complexes of odorant receptors and co-receptors for olfactory signal transduction. However, the secondary messengers involved in this process are largely unknown. Here, we use the olfactory signal transduction of the aggregation pheromone 4-vinylanisole (4VA) as a model to address this question.

[ Granules ameliorate renal damage in MRL/lpr mice by inhibiting the MyD88/NF-κB pathway].

Objectives: To investigate the mechanism of (QJZ) for ameliorating renal damage in MRL/lpr mice.

Methods: With 6 female C57BL/6 mice as the normal control group, 30 female MRL/lpr mice were randomized into model group, QJZ treatment groups at low, moderate and high doses, and prednisone treatment group (6). After 8 weeks of treatment, the mice were examined for 24-h urine protein, creatinine and albumin levels, serum levels of IgG, complement 3 (C3), C4, anti-dsDNA, interferon γ (IFN‑γ) and interleukin 17 (IL-17).

NK cells limit the synergistic anti-tumor effect of PD-1 inhibition and βγ-biased IL-2.

Despite its potential as a cancer immunotherapy, wild-type IL-2 is limited by dose-limiting toxicities, including vascular leak syndrome, and its strong activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which dampens anti-tumor immunity. These drawbacks are largely driven by IL-2's binding to IL-2Rα, and avoiding this interaction can reduce IL-2-associated toxicities, although it cannot completely eliminate them. To overcome these limitations, βγ-biased IL-2 variants (Non-α-IL-2) have been developed to selectively activate effector T and NK cells.

Thoughts and challenges of giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma: A case report.

Background: Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS) is a rare malignant tumor initiated in adipocytes. It is discovered only when the tumor is large because of its deep anatomical location and insidious onset. Giant RPLS with a diameter exceeding 30 cm is extremely rare.

Unraveling the mechanisms of bisphenol A-Induced lupus nephritis through network toxicology and machine learning approaches.

This study aimed to identify the potential toxic targets and molecular mechanisms underlying bisphenol A (BPA) exposure-induced lupus nephritis (LN) using network toxicology and machine learning. By leveraging the online databases SwissTargetPrediction, ChEMBL, STITCH, GeneCards, and OMIM, we identified 94 potential targets associated with BPA and LN. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, conducted using the Metascape database, revealed that the core targets associated with BPA's effects on lupus nephritis were significantly enriched in several key pathways, including apoptosis, MAPK signaling, toll-like receptor signaling, estrogen signaling, and NF-κB signaling.

Molecular basis of human taurine transporter uptake and inhibition.

The taurine transporter, TauT, regulates various taurine-mediated physiological and pathological functions by facilitating taurine uptake in a sodium- and chloride-dependent manner. Dysfunction of TauT is associated with male infertility, retinal health and cancers. Despite extensive research efforts, the intricate structure of TauT, the molecular mechanisms underlying taurine transport, and the inhibition mechanisms involved, all remain elusive.

The practice and effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative mobile devices in improving the satisfaction of inpatients on drug education.

Objective: To explore the effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative mobile device-assisted drug education on the satisfaction of inpatients drug education.

Methods: Mobile nursing vehicle, IPAD, and mobile phone were used to scan QR code to play drug propaganda videos and distribute drug propaganda materials. Doctors, nurses and pharmacists cooperated to complete drug education for inpatients.

The MADS-box gene CmAP1 promotes flowering and petal development in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima).

Background: Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) is an economically and ecologically important woody nut crop. In C. mollissima, flowering is fundamental for nut yield.

A colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay for on-site lead detection in vegetable oil.

Lead (Pb) contamination in vegetable oil poses a significant threat to human health, and traditional detection methods have many limitations. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against Pb was prepared, and a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (CGIA) strip was developed for the on-site detection of Pb in vegetable oil. The antigens Pb-ITCBE-KLH and Pb-ITCBE-BSA were synthesized and characterized by UV spectrophotometry.

Analysis of Risk Factors for the Occurrence of Rebleeding Following Surgery for Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and factors influencing the occurrence of rebleeding following cerebral revascularization surgery in adult patients with hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD).

Methods: Clinical data were collected from patients diagnosed with hemorrhagic MMD who underwent superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass grafting combined with cerebral-dural-temporal muscle patching. Seventy-five patients meeting the inclusion criteria were followed up and categorized into rebleeding and non-rebleeding groups.

The impact of different ovarian stimulation protocols on the expression levels of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in cumulus cells of follicles.

Objective: To analyze the expression levels of the oocyte-secreted factors growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) in cumulus cells (CCs) under different controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocols and their association with oocyte maturity and embryo developmental potential.

Methods: This study included 76 patients requiring intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) due to severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia or previous ICSI treatment, resulting in the collection of 749 CC samples. Patients were divided into four groups based on COS protocols: short-acting luteal phase (14 patients, 168 CCs), long-acting follicular phase (21 patients, 189 CCs), micro-stimulation (12 patients, 86 CCs) and antagonist (29 patients, 306 CCs).

Transcriptome and Endogenous Hormone Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Callus Hyperhydricity in Flax ( L.).

Hyperhydricity is a frequently occurring physiological disorder in plant tissue culture that impairs the regeneration and survival of vitrified plant materials, leading to significant losses and complicating research applications. Although numerous studies have focused on strategies to mitigate hyperhydricity, its molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this study, transcriptome sequencing and endogenous hormone content analysis were conducted on hyperhydric and normal callus of flax ( L.

Global burden of knee osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2021: Trends, inequalities, and projections to 2035.

Introduction: To present the global, regional, and national burden of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its causative factors, categorized by age, gender, and sociodemographic indices from 1990 to 2021, and to project future trends to 2035.

Methods: A comprehensive analysis of KOA epidemiology was conducted using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD). The study examined change trends in KOA burden between 1990 and 2021, including prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and associated risk factors.

Structure and transport mechanism of human riboflavin transporters.

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is the precursor of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which act as key cofactors of many enzymes, thus has essential roles in cell growth and functions. Animals cannot synthesize riboflavin in situ, the intake, distribution and metabolism of which are mediated by three riboflavin transporters (RFVT1-3). Many mutations in RFVTs cause severe consequences.

Design and characteristic analysis of incommensurate-order fractional discrete memristor-based hyperchaotic system.

The discrete memristive chaotic system is characterized by discontinuous phase trajectories. To address the limitations of the ideal integer-order discrete memristor model, which fails to accurately reflect the characteristics of practical devices, this study introduces a Grunwald-Letnikov type quadratic trivariate fractional discrete memristor model to enhance the nonlinearity and memory properties of memristors. Simultaneously, it is demonstrated that our model satisfies the essential characteristics of the generalized memristor.

Engineered NK Exosomes Captured Antigens In Situ for Enhanced Tumor Immunotherapy.

Natural killer (NK) cells are widely involved in the field of tumor immunotherapy due to their unique killing ability. However, the durability and efficacy of NK-cell monotherapy are facing great challenges owing to the limitation of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). NK cell-derived exosomes (Neo) not only play an innate immunomodulatory role similar to NK cells but also emerge as promising antitumor nanocarriers.

The practice and effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative mobile devices in improving the satisfaction of inpatients on drug education.

Objective: To explore the effect of multi-disciplinary cooperative mobile device-assisted drug education on the satisfaction of inpatients drug education.

Methods: Mobile nursing vehicle, IPAD, and mobile phone were used to scan QR code to play drug propaganda videos and distribute drug propaganda materials. Doctors, nurses and pharmacists cooperated to complete drug education for inpatients.

Locoregional Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Remodeling of Lymph Nodes by Engineered Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes for Suppressing Tumor Progression and Metastasis.

Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are the primary sites of eliciting anti-tumor immunity, which play an important role in controlling tumor progression and metastasis. However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment of TDLNs propels the formation of pre-metastatic niche, in which the immunocytes are dysfunctional, and the high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on dendritic cells (DCs) restricts the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Herein, engineered exosomes (EmDEX@GA) are developed for locoregional immunomodulation of TDLNs.

Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the cinnamoyl-CoA reductase gene family in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).

Background: Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) is the first important and committed enzyme in the monolignol synthesis branch of the lignin biosynthesis (LB) pathway, catalyzing the conversion of cinnamoyl-CoAs to cinnamaldehydes and is crucial for the growth of Linum usitatissimum (flax), an important fiber crop. However, little information is available about CCR in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.).

Multifunctional porous organic polymer-based hybrid nanoparticles for sonodynamically enhanced cuproptosis and synergistic tumor therapy.

Cuproptosis has gained significant attention among different cell death pathways in cancer therapy, which relies on the excessive accumulation of Cu in mitochondria of tumor cells. Nevertheless, the high levels of glutathione in tumor microenvironment chelates with Cu and thereby reducing its cytotoxicity. In this study, we designed core-shell porous organic polymers (POPs) nanoparticles to deliver and accumulate Cu in tumor cells for enhanced cuproptosis.

Mechanism and CO emissions analysis of multi-solid-waste synergistic red mud-based composite cementitious materials under orthogonal tests.

The large stockpile and low utilization rate of red mud (RM) have caused an urgent need for large quantities of RM to be eliminated. In this study, multi-solid-waste synergistic RM-based composite cementitious materials (MS-RMCM) were prepared using RM as the primary material, combined with fly ash, silica fume, and quicklime. Orthogonal tests were conducted to investigate the effects of cementitious components on the mechanical properties.

Hyaluronic acid modified liposomes with enhanced transdermal delivery of methotrexate for psoriasis treatment.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by immune dysregulation and cutaneous symptoms. Methotrexate (MTX), efficacious in psoriasis, suffers from limited transdermal permeability due to its hydrophilic nature. Liposomal nanomedicine, which offers increased bioavailability and targeted delivery with minimized systemic effects, is a promising approach.

Response of soybean root exudates and related metabolic pathways to low phosphorus stress.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential elemental nutrient required in high abundance for robust soybean growth and development. Low P stress negatively impacts plant physiological and biochemical processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and energy transfer. Soybean roots play key roles in plant adaptive responses to P stress and other soil-related environmental stressors.

Metabolome and Transcriptome Combined Reveal the Main Floral Volatile Compounds and Key Regulatory Genes of .

Chestnut () is an economically important forest tree species, and its flowers possess functions such as repelling mosquitoes, killing bacteria, and clearing heat. However, the regulatory mechanisms of floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in chestnut are still unclear. This study analyzed the contents of major volatile compounds and related gene expression levels in chestnut flowers during the initial flowering stage (IFS) and full-flowering stage (FFS) using metabolomics and transcription techniques.