The clinical features, risk factors and outcomes of polyomavirus encephalitis after allogeneic haematological stem cell transplantation.

Polyomavirus (PyV) encephalitis is a rare but life-threatening opportunistic infection linked to progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML). We analysed 54 patients diagnosed with PyV encephalitis after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in a 1:4 case-control retrospective cohort study. Median time to diagnosis was 77 days post-HSCT, with seizures, headache and motor dysfunction as the most common presenting symptoms.

Artificial intelligence-based predictive model for relapse in acute myeloid leukemia patients following haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Background And Objectives: Relapse is one of the most critical causes of transplant failure in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving haploidentical-related donor (HID) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based predictive model for post-transplant relapse in patients with AML receiving HID HSCT.

Methods: This study included patients with consecutive AML (aged ≥ 12 years) receiving HID HSCT in complete remission (CR).

Long-term efficacy of EBV-specific T cells for EBV-PTLD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a real word study.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-PTLD) remains a life-threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), especially in rituximab-refractory cases. Adoptive transfer of EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs) offers a promising strategy to restore antiviral immunity, but long-term efficacy data, particularly in haploidentical transplant recipients, remain limited.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 41 haploidentical HSCT recipients diagnosed with EBV-PTLD and received donor-derived EBV-CTLs.

Viral enteritis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: pathogens, clinical characteristics, and outcomes.

Viral enteritis is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, data regarding the most frequent enteric pathogens, clinical characteristics, and patient outcomes remains limited. To better characterize post-HSCT viral enteritis, we retrospectively analyzed 59 patients who underwent allo-HSCT and were diagnosised with viral enteritis based on intestinal biopsy specimens.

Leukemia stem cells for relapse prediction in AML patients receiving allografts: long-term follow-up of a prospective study.

In this study, we explored the ability of leukemia stem cell (LSC)-based method and traditional multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) assay to predict leukemia relapse after long-term follow-up. 360 AML patients who received allografts between July 2018 and November 2019 were prospectively enrolled. Patients with positive measurable residual disease (MRD) based on CD34CD38cocktail LSCs (≥0.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Influenza-Associated Late-Onset Severe Pneumonia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Background: Late-onset severe pneumonia (LOSP) is one of the most important causes of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The influenza virus is a frequent viral pathogen in patients receiving allo-HSCT, accounting for at least 30% of all respiratory viral infections. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and outcomes of influenza-associated LOSP after allo-HSCT.

Prognostic covariates associated with outcomes in patients with NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: NPM1  mutacute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have greater heterogeneity. However, data on the comprehensive integration of clinical and genetic data in NPM1  mutAML patients are limited, especially in the FLT3 inhibitor era.

Methods: Data from consecutive AML patients with NPM1  mut/FLT3-ITDwt (n = 203) and NPM1  mut/FLT3-ITDmut (n = 115) were reviewed.

Variants Predicted Poor Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with bZIP In-Frame Mutations.

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha-basic leucine zipper in-frame () mutations are associated with favorable outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). So far, there are limited data on integrating clinical and genomic features impacting the outcomes. Clinical and genomic data from consecutive patients with were reviewed.

Peritransplant lysine methyltransferase 2a-rearranged measurable residual disease dynamics as a prognostic marker in adult acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: This study examined the impact of measurable residual disease (MRD) dynamics in adults with lysine methyltransferase 2a rearrangement (KMT2Ar) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during the peritransplant period (before and early after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT]).

Methods: This study involved 144 adult patients with AML with KMT2Ar who underwent HSCT between 2015 and 2024. Patients were enrolled if they survived without relapse for at least 3 months post-HSCT.

The Impact of Blast Percentage on Posttransplant Outcomes of Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Retrospective Analysis Within the IPSS-M Framework.

Background: Blast percentage is crucial for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) diagnosis and risk stratification, but its role is now less prominent due to comprehensive genetic-based scoring systems like the Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-M). Originally, blast percentage was an independent categorical variable for prognosis, but in the IPSS-M, it is treated as a continuous variable. We hypothesize that blast percentage should still hold categorical value within genetic-based systems like the IPSS-M, especially for predicting transplant outcomes.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Elderly Patients With Acute Leukemia Undergoing Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

We explored the incidence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of acute kidney injury (AKI) within 100 days posttransplantation, and its impact on the prognosis of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in elderly patients. A total of 224 elderly patients diagnosed with acute leukemia received haplo-HSCT between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023 at Peking University People's Hospital. AKI affected 54.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Transplant Outcomes of Cytokine Release Syndrome After Infusion of Haploidentical Stem Cells With Anti-Thymocyte Globulin.

Background: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) after graft infusion under anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG)-based haploidentical (haplo)-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical implications of CRS after graft infusion under ATG-based haplo-SCT.

Study Design: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 259 patients who underwent haplo-SCT, graded CRS, and evaluated transplant outcomes.

Characteristics and prognosis of central nervous system relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adult patients with leukemia.

Central nervous system(CNS) is a common site of extramedullary involvement after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT). It may confer inferior survival when combined with bone marrow(BM) relapse in leukemia patients. We performed a retrospective study to investigate the associated risk factors and prognosis in adult patients with post-transplant CNS relapse.

Changing donors improves outcomes of second transplantation in patients who experienced graft failure after first allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

A second transplantation is almost the only salvage for patients encountering graft failure (GF) following the first allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, there were no standard protocols for second transplantations, and the role of changing donors remained controversial. We retrospectively studied 272 consecutive patients from 18 Chinese centers undergoing second transplantations due to GF, aiming to assess the impact of changing donors and factors affecting second transplantation outcomes.

Variants Increased Relapse Risk in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

: The role of gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mutations on relapse risk, cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) in adult AML patients, with a particular focus on those with fusion. : the retrospective analysis was conducted on 1970 adult AML patients treated at Peking University People's Hospital.

Clinical Effects of RUNX1 Mutations on the Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation.

It is reported that AML with RUNX1 mutations is associated with poorer response to conventional chemotherapy, lower rates of complete remission (CR), leukemia-free survival (LFS), and overall survival (OS). We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of RUNX1 mutations following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) by comparing clinical outcomes in AML patients with and without RUNX1 mutations. We retrospectively analyzed 91 AML patients (33 RUNX1+ and 58 RUNX1-) who received their first HSCT at Peking University People's Hospital.

Randomized trial of anti-thymocyte globulin plus low-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide to prevent graft-versus-host disease in haploidentical transplantation.

The combination of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) appears to be a potentially effective graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention strategy for haploidentical transplantation. However, the majority of the evidence originated from retrospective studies without uniform protocols. Our previous findings indicated that 10 mg/kg ATG plus low-dose PTCy could decrease GVHD among high-risk populations transplanted from maternal or collateral relatives.

PD-1 inhibitor in patients with minimal residual disease who failed donor lymphocyte infusion or interferon after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) antibody in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with minimal residual disease (MRD) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Six patients were retrospectively reviewed in this study, and all had failed prior treatment (donor lymphocyte infusion or interferon) before PD-1 antibody administration. Among these 6 patients, two received PD-1 alone while four received PD-1 plus azacitidine.

The outcomes of second haploidentical donor transplantation for graft failure in patients with severe aplastic anaemia.

This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of second haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HID-HSCT) for patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) who experienced graft failure. Twenty-one SAA patients with graft failure after first allogeneic (allo-) HSCT were enrolled, including 6 (28.6%) with poor graft function and 15 (71.

Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing Compared With Blood Culture as First-line Diagnostic Method for Bloodstream Infection in Hematologic Patients With Febrile Neutropenia: A Multicenter, Prospective Study.

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a frequent but lethal complication in hematologic patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). However, blood culture (BC) only detects an organism in 20%-30% of patients with FN. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) as a first-line diagnostic method in BSI.

A novel and safe protocol for patients with severe comorbidity who undergo haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A single-center prospective study.

Background And Objectives: Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) has demonstrated promising results in patients without severe comorbidities. There is also an increasing need for haplo-HSCT in patients with severe comorbidities. However, the high risk of treatment-related mortality (TRM) hindered its extensive application.

Transplantation Related Mortality Did Not Show Significant Differences in Patients Aged Above 55 Years With Hematological Malignancies Receiving Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Real-World Study.

Transplantation related mortality (TRM) remains an issue, particularly in older patients with hematological malignancies. In order to assess the TRM and the feasibility of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in older patients, we collected data from a total of 251 patients aged 55-70 years with acute hematological malignancies who received allo-HSCT from April 19, 2011 to June 28, 2022 in our hospital. With the median follow-up of 637 days, the cumulative incidence of TRM for patients above 55 years on Day 100, 1 year, and 2 years was 6.