Deep learning-based localization and lesion detection in capsule endoscopy for patients with suspected small-bowel bleeding.

Background: Small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is widely used to evaluate obscure gastrointestinal bleeding; however, its interpretation is time-consuming and reader-dependent. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged to address these limitations, few models simultaneously perform small-bowel (SB) localization and abnormality detection.

Aim: To develop an AI model that automatically distinguishes the SB from the stomach and colon and diagnoses SB abnormalities.

Clinical association between histological activity at diagnosis and endoscopic response in patients with ulcerative colitis: a retrospective study.

Background: Histological activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) has been accepted to be associated with clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the association between the histological activity at diagnosis and endoscopic findings, either at diagnosis or at the first follow-up, in patients with UC.

Methods: Through a retrospective review of 1 year of medical records, this study evaluated the association between histological and endoscopic activity in 51 patients newly diagnosed with UC at our hospital between March 2015 and February 2022.

Comparative efficacy of subcutaneous infliximab switching in remission and non-remission patients with inflammatory bowel disease after intravenous maintenance: 1-year outcome from a multicentre cohort study.

Background: Elective switching from intravenous (IV) to subcutaneous (SC) infliximab (IFX) has shown efficacy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, long-term outcomes for patients not in remission remain unclear.

Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of SC IFX switching in both remission and non-remission patients.

Comparative Study of MiroCam MC2000 and PillCam SB3 in Detecting Small Bowel Bleeding: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Crossover Study.

Background/aims: The MiroCam MC2000 (MC2000) is a double-tip capsule with a camera on each side. It is designed to provide more extensive visualization of the small bowel mucosa, potentially reducing the chance of missing lesions. This study aimed to compare the detection rates for lesions in the ampulla of Vater (AoV) and the small bowel of the MC2000 and the PillCam SB3 (SB3) for patients with suspected small bowel bleeding.

Comparison of 1-Year Clinical Course in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Disease Between Vietnam and Korea: A Multinational, Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background/aims: The differences in the clinical course of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) among Asian countries remain unknown. Thus, we compared the clinical characteristics, treatment, and one-year outcomes of newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients between Vietnam and Korea.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at seven tertiary hospitals in these countries between January 2020 and January 2021.

Frequency and Risk Factors of Advanced Neoplasia in Korean Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients with Low-grade Dysplasia.

Background/aims: Studies on the clinical outcomes after detecting low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are insufficient. This study evaluated the clinical features, frequency, and risk factors for advanced neoplasia in patients with IBD after an LGD diagnosis.

Methods: The medical records of 166 patients with IBD from six university hospitals in Korea from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed retrospectively.

Dispersion behavior of Fukushima-derived Cs over the North Pacific with emphasis on its sensitivity to vertical velocity and diffusion.

This study simulated the dispersion of Cs in the North Pacific using a Lagrangian particle model, incorporating basin-wide atmospheric deposition and direct release from the Fukushima accident. Three experiments examined the impact of vertical diffusion and velocity on dispersion behavior. EXP01 and EXP02 assumed zero vertical velocity with different vertical diffusion coefficients (1 × 10 and 2 × 10 m/s, respectively), while EXP03 used a 3-day average vertical velocity and the same diffusion coefficient as EXP01.

Recent updates on classification and unsolved issues of diverticular disease: a narrative review.

Recently, a paradigm shift has occurred in the classification of diverticular disease and the understanding of its pathogenesis. Diverticular disease is now defined as a variety of clinically significant conditions such as diverticulitis, diverticular bleeding, symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, and segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis. Low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal intestinal motility, and genetic factors have emerged as the key contributors to the pathogenesis of diverticular disease.

Clinical characteristics and long-term disease course in patients with Crohn's disease as diagnosed by video capsule endoscopy: a multicenter retrospective matched case-control study.

Background/aims: Video capsule endoscopy is rarely used to diagnose Crohn's disease in patients with negative ileocolonoscopy or cross-sectional image findings. We evaluated clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of these rare cases.

Methods: This multicenter study included patients with Crohn's disease from 3 tertiary hospitals from January 2007 to October 2022.

[Old and New Biologics and Small Molecules in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Anti Integrins].

Recently, novel biologics or small molecular drugs have been introduced for overcoming the unmet needs associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents for inflammtory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. Among these novel drugs, anti integrin agents block leukocyte trafficking to the intestine by blocking the interaction between integrin and cell adhesion molecules. Vedolizumab (anti-α4β7) is most widely used anti-integrin approved in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease .

Deep Learning Model Using Stool Pictures for Predicting Endoscopic Mucosal Inflammation in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis.

Introduction: Stool characteristics may change depending on the endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis (UC). We developed a deep learning model using stool photographs of patients with UC (DLSUC) to predict endoscopic mucosal inflammation.

Methods: This was a prospective multicenter study conducted in 6 tertiary referral hospitals.

Application of clinical decision support tools for predicting outcomes with vedolizumab therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A KASID multicentre study.

Background/aim: We aimed to validate clinical decision support tools (CDSTs) to predict real-life effectiveness of vedolizumab (VDZ) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) treated with VDZ at 10 tertiary referral centres in Korea between January 2017 and November 2021. We assessed clinical remission (CREM) and response (CRES), corticosteroid-free clinical remission (CSF-CREM) and response (CSF-CRES), biochemical response based on C-reactive protein (BioRES[CRP]) and faecal calprotectin (BioRES[FC]), endoscopic healing (EH), and the need to optimise or switch drugs based on CDST-defined response groups.

Self-screening questionnaire for perianal fistulizing disease in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background/aims: A poor prognostic factor for Crohn's disease (CD) includes perianal fistulizing disease, including perianal fistula and/or perianal abscess. Currently, a tool to assess perianal symptoms in patients with CD remains nonexistent. This study aimed to develop a perianal fistulizing disease self-screening questionnaire for patients with CD.

The North Equatorial Current and rapid intensification of super typhoons.

Super Typhoon Mangkhut, which traversed the North Equatorial Current (NEC; 8-17 °N) in the western North Pacific in 2018, was the most intense Category-5 tropical cyclone (TC) with the longest duration in history-3.5 days. Here we show that the combination of two factors-high ocean heat content (OHC) and increased stratification - makes the NEC region the most favored area for a rapid intensification (RI) of super typhoons, instead of the Eddy Rich Zone (17-25 °N), which was considered the most relevant for RI occurrence.

A Machine Learning-Based Diagnostic Model for Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Utilizing Fecal Microbiome Analysis.

Recent research has demonstrated the potential of fecal microbiome analysis using machine learning (ML) in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). This study employed the sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) ML technique to develop a robust prediction model for distinguishing among CD, UC, and healthy controls (HCs) based on fecal microbiome data. Using data from multicenter cohorts, we conducted 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples from patients with CD ( = 671) and UC ( = 114) while forming an HC cohort of 1462 individuals from the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Healthcare Screening Center.

Origin and pathway of a subsurface maximum of Cs detected in the winter of 2012 after the Fukushima accident.

This study investigates the dispersion behavior of Cs and evaluates its origin (atmospheric deposition or direct ocean release) from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident using a Lagrangian particle tracking model. The ocean circulation fields based on the Modular Ocean Model Version 5 (MOM5) were adopted for the simulation. The MOM5 results represented the formation and migration of subtropical mode water (STMW) comparable with observations and reanalysis data.

Potential Oral Microbial Markers for Differential Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Using Machine Learning Models.

Although gut microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the relationship between the oral microbiota and IBD remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify unique microbiome patterns in saliva from IBD patients and explore potential oral microbial markers for differentiating Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). A prospective cohort study recruited IBD patients (UC: = 175, CD: = 127) and healthy controls (HC: = 100) to analyze their oral microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Efficacy and safety of 1 L polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid for bowel preparation in elderly: comparison with oral sulfate solution.

Background/aims: Recently, 1 L of polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus ascorbic acid (Asc) has been introduced in Korea as a colonoscopy preparation agent. Data on its efficacy and safety in older adults have been limited. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1 L PEG/Asc in older adults by comparing it with oral sulfate solution (OSS).

Vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease-Asian perspectives: the results of a multinational web-based survey in the 8th Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis meeting.

Background/aims: Long-term immunosuppressive therapies used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated with an increased risk of infections, many of which can be prevented by vaccination. We assessed physicians' current approaches and clinical practices regarding vaccinations for IBD patients in different Asian countries/regions.

Methods: An internet-based survey was conducted among members of the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis from September 2020 to November 2020.

Incidence of colonoscopy-related perforation and risk factors for poor outcomes: 3-year results from a prospective, multicenter registry (with videos).

Background And Aims: Perforation is a life-threatening adverse event of colonoscopy that often requires hospitalization and surgery. We aimed to prospectively assess the incidence of colonoscopy-related perforation in a multicenter registry and to analyze the clinical factors associated with poor clinical outcomes.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at six tertiary referral hospitals between 2017 and 2020, and included patients with colonic perforation after colonoscopy.

Real-life effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib treatment in patients with ulcerative colitis: a KASID multicenter cohort study.

Background: Tofacitinib is a small molecule that inhibits Janus kinase and has been reported to be effective in Western patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the real-life data on tofacitinib in Asian UC patients are limited.

Objective: To investigate the real-life effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib induction and maintenance treatment in Korean patients with UC.

Clean mucosal area detection of gastroenterologists versus artificial intelligence in small bowel capsule endoscopy.

Studies comparing the detection of clean mucosal areas in capsule endoscopy (CE) using human judgment versus artificial intelligence (AI) are rare. This study statistically analyzed gastroenterologist judgments and AI results. Three hundred CE video clips (100 patients) were prepared.