Integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic and lipidomic analyses uncover the crucial roles of lipid metabolism pathways in oat (Avena sativa) responses to heat stress.

Background: Oat (Avena sativa), an economically important cereal crop globally, is highly vulnerable to high-temperature stress, challenging its geographic distribution and grain production. However, the mechanisms underlying oat's response to heat stress remain pooly understood.

Results: A time-course transcriptome revealed significant enrichment in lipid metabolism pathways during heat stress, which was corroborated by metabolomic findings.

Electrochemical Biosensors for Oilseed Crops: Nanomaterial-Driven Detection and Smart Agriculture.

Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as a promising tool for the early detection of diseases in oilseed crops such as rapeseed, soybean, and peanut. These biosensors offer high sensitivity, portability, and cost-effectiveness. Timely diagnosis is critical, as many pathogens exhibit latent infection phases or produce invisible metabolic toxins, leading to substantial yield losses before visible symptoms occur.

Genome-wide characterization of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) gene family in soybean and functional analysis of GmMAGLs in storage lipid metabolism and drought resistance.

Background: Monoglyceride lipase (MAGL) catalyzes the final step of triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis, converting monoacylglycerol (MAG) into glycerol and free fatty acids. Although MAGL is critical for TAG metabolism, its physiological roles in plants remain poorly understood, compared to its functions in mammals.

Results: Eighteen GmMAGL genes were identified from the genome of soybean (Glycine max), a major food and oil crop worldwide, with them being classified into 8 distinct subfamilies.

Gene Localization and Functional Validation of in Soybean Against Cyst Nematode Race 4.

To identify the key genes conferring resistance to soybean cyst nematode race 4 (SCN4, ), this study utilized 280 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the resistant cultivar Huipizhiheidou (HPD) and the susceptible cultivar Jindou23 (JD23). Through phenotypic characterization and a genome-wide association study (GWAS), a genomic region (Gm18:1,223,546-1,782,241) on chromosome 18 was mapped, yielding 14 candidate genes. was validated as a critical resistance gene using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) marker M0526.

Study on controlling 3D printed drug release rates based on model structural adjustment.

As an emerging technology, 3D printing facilitates the fabrication of complex preparations and enables controlled drug release. This study integrated semi-solid extrusion (SSE) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) to develop core-shell structured sustained-release tablets (CSRT) with varying release profiles, exploring how structural design influences release behavior. Propranolol hydrochloride was selected as the model drug.

Stereodivergent - and -selective Sulfonium [3,3]-Rearrangement Enabled by Brønsted Bases.

The stereoselective synthesis of (/)-α-aryl α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds remains a significant synthetic challenge. Recently, we demonstrated a novel -selective α-arylation of α,β-unsaturated nitriles via a Morita-Baylis-Hillman-type sulfonium [3,3]-rearrangement. In this study, we report that switching the base from KCO to 4-methoxypyridine in the final elimination step reverses the stereochemistry of the products from - to -geometry.

Establishment and functional studies of a model of cardiomyopathy with cardiomyocyte-specific conditional knockout of Arhgef18.

The rising incidence of cardiomyopathies poses a significant threat to the physical and mental health of patients. The establishment of an animal model that accurately reflects the clinicopathological characteristics of cardiomyopathy is essential for investigating its pathogenesis. In this study, a cardiomyocyte-specific Arhgef18 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model was established with Cre/LoxP technology, and the results confirmed that the protein encoded by Arhgef18 (Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 18) was knocked out effectively in the myocardium of Arhgef18flox/flox; Nkx2.

Corrigendum: Effects of rosemary extract and its residue on production, immune performance, and gut microbiota in geese.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.

The ZmAHL25-ZmPUB19-ZmMPK5 Module Positively Regulates Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in Maize.

Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is a crucial mechanism in plant defenses against pathogens. However, the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in the maize (Zea mays) defense response against Rhizoctonia solani, a major soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes banded leaf and sheath blight, remains unclear. We previously identified the maize ZmPUB19 gene, which encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase and is upregulated upon R.

Effects of rosemary extract and its residue on production, immune performance, and gut microbiota in geese.

Introduction: To explore the effects of rosemary extract (RE) and its residue (RR) on the production, immune performance, and gut microbiota of geese.

Methods: We treat 28-day-old Sichuan white geese ( = 180) with three diets: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet supplemented with 0.02% RE, and (3) basal diet supplemented with 15% RR for 42 days.

Synchronized autologous T-cell immunotherapy with hyperthermia to previously heavy treated advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and target therapy have provided the clinical efficacy for improving the clinical progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There has been little report of an surrogate salvage treatment for those failure of both ICIs and target. An innovation therapeutic model named SHAPE-T (synchronized hyperthermia with autologous progenitor expanded T cells) was applied to previously heavily treated metastatic RCC (mRCC).

Experimental Study on the Effect of HO Concentration on the Degradation of Sulfur Hexafluoride by Two-Stage Tandem DBD.

SF is a greenhouse gas widely used in the power industry that cannot be directly emitted. This study employs a self-designed two-stage dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma series method that was used to degrade SF gas and analyzes the effect of HO concentration. The results indicate that the SF degradation rate (DR) initially increased and then decreased with the rise in the water vapor content.

A Study on Miniaturized In-Situ Self-Calibrated Thermometers Based on Ga and Ga-Zn Fixed Points.

In order to ensure the reliability and accuracy of long-term temperature measurement where the thermometers are discommodious or even impossible to access for conventional periodical calibration, a study on miniaturized in-situ self-calibrated (MISSC) thermometers based on Ga and Ga-Zn fixed points was conducted using temperature scale transfer technology. One MISSC thermometer consists of three parts: the first is the fixed-points hardware, including a container with two cells separately filled with Ga and Ga-Zn; the second is the temperature sensing hardware, made of a Type T thermocouple; the third is the mini-power heating hardware, made of a film resistance. The measurement and calibration (M&C) system comprises a temperature measurement and data processing subsystem and a mini-power heating control subsystem.

BiMoO/MWCNTs-COOH/GCE electrochemical probe for ultrasensitively and selectively detecting antibiotic norfloxacin.

Antibiotics have emerged as a class of contaminants of concern globally, raising widespread worry and unease, primarily because of their inappropriately use and endless migration in food chains. Electrochemical ultrasensitive and selective determination of norfloxacin (NOR) using bismuth-based bimetallic salt bismuth molybdate (BiMoO) and carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs-COOH) hybrid electrode as sensing platforms is presented hereby. The electrocatalytic ability of the electrodes was verified to be enhanced by the synergy effect of both BiMoO and MWCNTs-COOH using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Reduction in antimicrobial resistance in a watershed after closure of livestock farms.

Natural environments play a crucial role in transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Development of methods to manage antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in natural environments are usually limited to the laboratory or field scale, partially due to the complex dynamics of transmission between different environmental compartments. Here, we conducted a nine-year longitudinal profiling of ARGs at a watershed scale, and provide evidence that restrictions on livestock farms near water bodies significantly reduced riverine ARG abundance.

Tailored Exfoliation of Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic HO Production and CH Valorization Mediated by O Activation.

The exfoliation of bulk CN (BCN) into ultrathin layered structure is an effective strategy to boost photocatalytic efficiency by exposing interior active sites and accelerating charge separation and transportation. Herein, we report a novel nitrate anion intercalation-decomposition (NID) strategy that is effective in peeling off BCN into few-layer CN (fl-CN) with tailored thickness down to bi-layer. This strategy only involves hydrothermal treatment of BCN in diluted HNO aqueous solution, followed by pyrolysis at various temperatures.

-Cyanomethylation of aryl fluoroalkyl sulfoxides a sulfonium-Claisen rearrangement.

We hereby report the -cyanomethylation of aryl fluoroalkyl sulfoxides with acetonitrile through a sulfonium-Claisen-type rearrangement. This reaction enables the incorporation of two valuable functional groups, such as the cyanomethyl group and the fluoroalkylthio group, into arenes. Remarkably, fluoroalkylthio groups, such as SCFH and SCFH, bearing active hydrogen, are well tolerated by the reaction.

Registered trials on novel therapies for myasthenia gravis: a cross-sectional study on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Novel biologics in MG therapy research is on the rise. This research aimed to investigate the characteristics of registered trials on novel therapies for myasthenia gravis on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Alleviating sample imbalance in water quality assessment using the VAE-WGAN-GP model.

Water resources are essential for sustaining human life and promoting sustainable development. However, rapid urbanization and industrialization have resulted in a decline in freshwater availability. Effective prevention and control of water pollution are essential for ecological balance and human well-being.

Establishment and identification of cardiomyocyte arhGEF18 gene conditional knockout mice.

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a heterogeneous disorder with unclear genetic causes. The arhGEF18 gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor related to the Rho pathway and a possible predisposing gene for LVNC. In this study, a mouse model of arhGEF18 gene conditional knockout (cKO) in cardiomyocytes was established using the Cre-LoxP system to provide an animal model for the genetic study of LVNC.

Quantification and antibiotic resistance risk assessment of chlorination-residual viable/VBNC Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in on-site hospital wastewater treatment system.

On-site hospital wastewater treatment system widely applying chlorination has been regarded as an important barrier to curb the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Chlorination-residual viable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria probably lead to overestimate the effect of disinfection, while their antibiotic resistance risks imported from hospital effluents to municipal pipe network may be ignored. In this study, we quantified viable/VBNC Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in chlorination of an on-site hospital wastewater treatment system and assessed their antibiotic resistance risks.

Distinct Gut Microbiome Induced by Different Feeding Regimes in Weaned Piglets.

It is well accepted that the gut microbiota of breast-fed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants are significantly different. However, there is still a limited number of studies comparing the gut microbiota of BF and FF piglets, despite increasing numbers of FF piglets in the modern pig industry. The present study identified the differences in gut microbiota composition between BF- and FF-weaned Rongchang piglets at 30 days old, using pair-end sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.

The Aux/IAA protein TaIAA15-1A confers drought tolerance in Brachypodium by regulating abscisic acid signal pathway.

Overexpression of the Aux/IAA protein TaIAA15-1A from wheat improves drought tolerance by regulating the ABA signalling pathway in transgenic Brachypodium. Drought is a major abiotic stress that causes severe crop yield loss. Aux/IAA genes have been shown to be involved in drought stress responses.

Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of AUX/IAA gene family in wheat identifies a novel gene TaIAA15-1A regulating flowering time by interacting with ARF.

Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait that has strong effects on crop yields. Auxin signaling pathway plays an important role in various development processes, such as flowering, grain development. However, no Aux/IAA gene had been reported to have functions involving in wheat flowering time.