Adsorption-desorption behavior of difenoconazole onto soils: Kinetics, isotherms, and influencing factors.

Difenoconazole (DFC) is a commonly used triazole fungicide known for its high efficiency and environmental persistence. A thorough understanding of its environmental behavior, particularly sorption in soil, is critical to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risk of DFC. In this study, three soils with distinct physicochemical properties (brown soil, cinnamon soil, and fluvo-aquic soil) were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms of DFC on soil.

Identifying Distinct Symptom Clusters in Older Adults Living With HIV in the United States: A Latent Class Analysis.

As the number of older people living with HIV (PLWH) continues to grow, many experience a high symptom burden that negatively affects quality of life. Identifying symptom subgroups can help inform targeted interventions. Our study explored symptom patterns among older PLWH and their associations with self-rated health.

Artificial Intelligence-based Liver Volume Measurement Using Preoperative and Postoperative CT Images.

Introduction: Accurate liver volumetry is crucial for hepatectomy. In this study, we developed and validated a deep learning system for automated liver volumetry in patients undergoing hepatectomy, both preoperatively and at 7 days and 3 months postoperatively.

Methods: A 3D U-Net model was trained on CT images from three time points using a five-fold cross-validation approach.

Spin-selective transport through chiral ferromagnetic nanohelices.

Chiral crystals with well-defined handedness in atomic arrangements exhibit properties such as spin selectivity, asymmetric magnetoresistance, and skyrmions. Although similar geometry-induced phenomena in chiral organic molecule-based systems were observed, synthesizing uniform inorganic nanostructures with desired chirality using a scalable method remains challenging. We electrochemically synthesized chiral ferromagnetic cobalt-iron nanohelices from nanoparticles in anodized aluminum oxide templates.

Short-term effects of oral dissolving film on halitosis and oral pathogenic bacteria: a pilot non-randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Halitosis is a major issue that negatively affects individuals' social interactions and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral dissolving film (ODF) on halitosis and oral pathogenic bacteria.

Objective: To compare and evaluate the effects of ODF and tongue cleaner on reducing halitosis-related compound concentrations and oral pathogenic bacteria.

Photocatalytic Activation of Dealuminated Zeolite through In Situ Formation of Defective Graphene.

Adsorbents such as zeolite are widely used for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal, but a practical challenge is the decrease in VOCs removal efficiency under humid environment by competitive adsorption between water vapor and VOCs, which requires frequent regeneration using external energy. A combination of zeolites with photocatalytic materials can address this issue by oxidizing adsorbed VOCs from the zeolite surface to CO gas under light irradiation. Herein, the in situ formation of photocatalytic active defect-rich graphene is presented on a commercial zeolite surface (ZSM-5) when properly dealuminated ZSM-5 is exposed to an acetaldehyde/humid air mixture under visible light.

Anti-Obesity Effects of Extracts via the AMPK Signaling Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

Obesity is a major public health concern because of its association with metabolic disorders (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus) and cardiovascular diseases.

Dual Effects of a Combination of and Inflammation and Hyperuricemia.

This study developed an effective combination of and (SNE) and evaluated its anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperuricemic effects under conditions. First, the effect of SNE was tested on xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of SNE, nitric oxide (NO) production was detected by Griess assay, and proinflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in RAW264.

Advanced power structure for enhanced optical performance of AMOLED displays at low luminance levels.

To improve the image quality of active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays at low luminance levels, a novel power structure is proposed. Its effectiveness was validated by fabricating a 13-inch AMOLED panel with a tandem OLED and evaluating its optical performance. Compared to the conventional structure, the proposed structure reduced panel luminance deviation by 12% and color deviation by 41%, while also achieving a 41% reduction in hysteresis-induced color shift.

Diurnal Variability of Human Tear Volume and Production Rate: An Exploratory Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the diurnal patterns of tear meniscus height (TMH), traditional Schirmer strip test (TSST) wetted length, modified Schirmer strip test (MSST) wetted length, and tear aqueous production (TAP) rate.

Methods: One hundred fourteen subjects were evaluated between 7:00 and 16:00 hours. TMH (mm) was measured with the Oculus Keratograph 5M.

Development of a Prediction Model for Acute Exacerbation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Study of the Korea IPF Cohort Registry.

Background: Acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has the most disastrous impact on prognosis as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, there is no proven treatment, and the occurrence of AE is unpredictable. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for AE in patients with IPF using the nationwide Korea IPF Cohort (KICO) registry.

Controlling Multicomponent Condensate Morphology via Additive-Modulated Interactions.

The morphology of biomolecular condensates plays a critical role in regulating intracellular organization and function by enabling both spatial and temporal control over biochemical processes. Recent studies have shown that small-molecule cosolutes can not only modulate phase separation but also influence condensate morphology. However, the mechanistic understanding of how small molecules regulate condensate structure remains limited.

Optimizing Vancomycin Area under the Concentration-Time Curve Targets in Enterococcal Bacteremia: Balancing Efficacy and Nephrotoxicity.

Purpose: Vancomycin is critical in treating enterococcal bacteremia; however, its optimal pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) targets remain unclear. This study evaluates the association between vancomycin PK/PD parameters and clinical outcomes in patients with enterococcal bacteremia.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 70 patients with enterococcal bacteremia treated with vancomycin at a university-affiliated teaching hospital.

Left Atrial Appendage Characteristics Assessed with Cardiac Computed Tomography in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Severe Mitral Valve Disease.

Purpose: The morphological and functional characteristics and clinical significance of the left atrial appendage (LAA) are well established in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data on the LAA characteristics in patients with mitral valve (MV) disease are limited. This study aimed to identify the LAA characteristics in AF patients with severe MV disease.

Recent Advances in Vaccine Development for Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses.

Mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) have re-emerged in recent decades, affecting millions of people worldwide [...

Locally Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Cytokine-Loaded Injectable Cryogels for Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in primary solid tumors, including breast cancer, and typically exhibit an M2-like, immunosuppressive phenotype that promotes tumor growth. Given that TAMs can be repolarized through cytokine signaling, we propose a localized cytokine delivery depot using an injectable alginate cryogel to reprogram TAMs and create an inflammatory, anti-tumor TME.

Methods: The cryogels were fabricated using cryogelation to generate a macroporous structure, followed by ionic crosslinking to enhance mechanical integrity while preserving pore size distribution.

Spatiotemporal Anomaly Detection in Distributed Acoustic Sensing Using a GraphDiffusion Model.

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), which can provide dense spatial and temporal measurements using optical fibers, is quickly becoming critical for large-scale infrastructure monitoring. However, anomaly detection in DAS data is still challenging owing to the spatial correlations between sensing channels and nonlinear temporal dynamics. Recent approaches often disregard the explicit sensor layout and instead handle DAS data as two-dimensional images or flattened sequences, eliminating the spatial topology.

Recent Changes in Trends of Nationwide Incidence of Glaucoma and Associated Visual Impairment in South Korea.

We analyzed recent changes in the incidence of glaucoma and associated visual impairment (VI) in Korea over a 16-year period. We utilized nationwide, longitudinal cohort data from the Korea National Health Insurance System (KNHIS) National Health Screening Cohort from 2004 to 2019 to evaluate the age-standardized incidence rate (SIR) of glaucoma and glaucoma-related VI. VI was determined based on KNHIS health examinations and the National Registry for Visual Disability.

Hybrid Interfacial Modulation for Stabilizing Anode-Less Lithium-Sulfur Batteries: Guided Lithium Nucleation and Polysulfide Regulation.

Anode-less lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries offer a promising route to high energy density and cost-effective energy storage, yet suffer from unstable Li deposition and polysulfide crossover at the current collector interface. Here, we introduce a hybrid interfacial modulation layer (HIML) designed to simultaneously regulate dendrite-free Li deposition behavior and block polysulfide migration. The HIML consists of lithiophilic Au nano seeds coated with a porous ionic-selective overlayer, enabling guided, uniform Li nucleation and selective Li transport.

Peripheral inflammatory markers and clinical phenotypes reflecting the impact of diabetes on Parkinson's disease.

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) can influence the phenotype and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), as both conditions share inflammation as a common pathogenic mechanism.ObjectiveTo explore peripheral inflammatory indices that reflect the impact of DM on PD.MethodsWe analyzed 52 drug-naïve PD patients with DM and 182 without DM, along with age- and sex-matched healthy control (HC) with and without DM in a 1:1 ratio.

15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1).

15-Deoxy-Δ-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) plays an important role in cell proliferation and apoptosis with various inhibitory effects. We investigated whether 15d-PGJ2 influence proliferation and apoptosis of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), and suppression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the MTS/PMS and colony formation assays.

Mechanical confinement governs phenotypic plasticity in melanoma.

Phenotype switching is a form of cellular plasticity in which cancer cells reversibly move between two opposite extremes: proliferative versus invasive states. Although it has long been hypothesized that such switching is triggered by external cues, the identity of these cues remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that mechanical confinement mediates phenotype switching through chromatin remodelling.

Exploring the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source according to stroke risk stratification: Propensity-score matched analysis.

Introduction: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is widely used for embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) despite limited evidence regarding its efficacy and safety. This study compared DAPT and single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) in patients with ESUS during hospitalization (first 7 days) and up to 30 days post-stroke, identifying subgroups that benefit most from DAPT.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 4,505 patients with ESUS enrolled in a multicenter registry from 2014 to 2019.