Advanced power structure for enhanced optical performance of AMOLED displays at low luminance levels.

To improve the image quality of active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays at low luminance levels, a novel power structure is proposed. Its effectiveness was validated by fabricating a 13-inch AMOLED panel with a tandem OLED and evaluating its optical performance. Compared to the conventional structure, the proposed structure reduced panel luminance deviation by 12% and color deviation by 41%, while also achieving a 41% reduction in hysteresis-induced color shift.

Bio-Resorbable Magnetic Tunnel Junctions.

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) play a crucial role in spintronic applications, particularly data storage and sensors. Especially as a non-volatile memory, MTJs has received substantial attention due to its CMOS compatibility, low power consumption, fast switching speed, and high endurance. In parallel, bio-resorbable electronics have emerged as a promising solution for systems requiring temporary operation and secure data disposal, especially in military, intelligence, and biomedical systems where devices must safely disintegrate under physiological conditions.

Efficacy and safety of lobeglitazone added to metformin and sitagliptin combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 52-week, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trial.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding lobeglitazone to a triple therapy regimen in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes whose blood glucose levels were inadequately controlled despite dual therapy with metformin and sitagliptin.

Materials And Methods: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study involved 231 Korean patients with type 2 diabetes whose HbA1c levels ranged from 7.0% to 10.

Controlled assembly of rotaxane translational isomers using dual molecular pumps.

The ability to control the relative motion between different components of molecules with precision is a cornerstone of synthetic nanotechnology. Mechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes offer a platform for exploring this control by means of the positional manipulation of their components. Here, we demonstrate the use of a molecular dual pump to achieve the assembly of translational isomers with high efficiency and accuracy.

Modeling Stylized Facts in FX Markets with FINGAN-BiLSTM: A Deep Learning Approach to Financial Time Series.

We propose the financial generative adversarial network-bidirectional long short-term memory (FINGAN-BiLSTM) model to accurately reproduce the complex statistical properties and stylized facts, namely, heavy-tailed behavior, volatility clustering, and leverage effects observed in the log returns of the foreign exchange (FX) market. The proposed model integrates a bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) into the conventional FINGAN framework so that the generator, discriminator, and predictor networks simultaneously incorporate both past and future information, thereby overcoming the information loss inherent in unidirectional LSTM architectures. Experimental results, assessed using metrics such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic, demonstrate that FINGAN-BiLSTM effectively mimics the distributional and dynamic patterns of actual FX data.

Impact of Virtual Reality-Based Biofeedback on Sleep Quality Among Individuals With Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Symptoms, or Both: 4-Week Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Use of virtual reality (VR)-based biofeedback (BF) represents an emerging nonpharmacological intervention for enhancing sleep quality in individuals exhibiting depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or both. However, empirical evidence regarding its efficacy in addressing sleep disturbances remains limited and inconclusive.

Objective: This 3-arm randomized controlled trial aimed (1) to compare the efficacy of VR-based BF with conventional BF in improving sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), among individuals with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or both (DAS); (2) to examine the effects of VR-based BF in a demographically similar healthy control (HC) group; and (3) to evaluate between-group differences in sleep quality improvements at the 4-week follow-up.

Employment of a C(sp)-based nucleophile for photoinduced palladium-catalysed cross-coupling.

The development of efficient methods for C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation remains a longstanding challenge in synthetic chemistry, especially in palladium catalysis employing sterically bulky electrophiles. In this study, we present a novel approach for achieving C(sp)-C(sp) cross-coupling photoinduced palladium catalysis, employing cyclopropanols as masked C(sp)-nucleophiles. Leveraging the unique reactivity of photoexcited palladium, this protocol enables radical-mediated C(sp)-C(sp) coupling across a broad range of substrates including sterically hindered and functionally diverse alkyl halides under mild conditions.

NADPH oxidase-dependent heme oxygenase-1 expression mediates cigarette smoke-induced ferroptosis via intracellular Fe(II) accumulation.

Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, and iron accumulation. Although ferroptosis has been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis, its precise role in this condition is still unclear. Additionally, key pathogenic factors contributing to ferroptosis in COPD are still debated.

Age at first drink as a predictor of all-cause mortality of middle-aged Koreans.

Background: Early alcohol use is hazardous to health and restrictions to age at first drink (AFD) is a cornerstone of public health policy in many nations. We explored the long-term impact of AFD on mortality after early adulthood in community-dwelling Koreans.

Methods: A cohort of 36 159 adults aged 35-64 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, linked to cause-of-death statistics, was followed up for a median of 9.

Non-variable RNA deletion using the CRISPR-Cas9 technique demonstrated improved outcomes in human intestine single-cell RNA sequencing data, even at half sequencing depths.

In single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data, issues related to the high expression of non-variable RNAs often arise due to organ traits or sample quality. Computational methods, such as SoupX (Young (Gigascience 9:giaa151, 2020)), have been used to solve this problem but it may remove biologically relevant data. This study presents a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9-based method that selectively removes non-variable RNAs.

Solvent-Free Dry-Process Enabling High-Areal Loading Selenium-Doped SPAN Cathodes Toward Practical Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

In this study, a selenium-doped sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (Se-SPAN) cathode fabricated by a dry process with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder is proposed to address issues in currently developed dry-processed cathodes. The dry-processed Se-SPAN (D/Se-SPAN) is characterized by a dense, robust, and uniform structure that successfully resists the internal stress evolution caused by significant volume variations of the Se-SPAN under high-loading conditions. Understanding these architectural advantages in D/Se-SPAN, the unrivaled potential of D/Se-SPAN compared with traditional slurry-processed Se-SPAN cathodes (S/Se-SPAN) is established through a series of in-depth electrochemical-mechanical investigations.

Preliminary reports of lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography: a nationwide performance on the Korean population in 2019-2020.

Background: Korea introduced its National Lung Cancer Screening Program (NLCSP) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in 2019. However, there are few published results of lung cancer screening at national level. We investigated the performance of LDCT for lung cancer screening and suggested recommendations for improving a nationwide population-based program.

Biennial Mammography Performance in the Korean National Cancer Screening Program From 2009 to 2020.

Objective: Mammography is essential for reducing breast cancer mortality; however, its performance varies globally. This study aimed to evaluate mammography screening outcomes in Korea over 12 years and investigate regional variations.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed mammography data from 42 million Korean women, aged 40 years and older, who participated in the Korean National Cancer Screening Program (KNCSP) from 2009 to 2020.

Large-Area Transfer of Nanometer-Thin C Films.

Fullerenes, with well-defined molecular structures and high scalability, hold promise as fundamental building blocks for creating a variety of carbon materials. The fabrication and transfer of large-area films with precisely controlled thicknesses and morphologies on desired surfaces are crucial for designing and developing fullerene-based materials and devices. In this work, we present strategies for solid-state transferring C molecular nanometer-thin films, with dimensions of centimeters in lateral size and thicknesses controlled in the range of 1-20 nm, onto various substrates.

Assessing the utility of epigenetic clocks for health prediction in South Korean.

Epigenetic clocks have been developed to track both chronological age and biological age, which is defined by physiological biomarkers and the risk of adverse health outcomes. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) has been found to predict various diseases, aging-related factors, and mortality. However, epigenetic clocks have predominantly been developed with individuals of European or Hispanic ancestry, and their association with health outcomes and environmental factors has not been sufficiently assessed in East Asian populations.

Distribution and impact of p16 senescent cells in elderly tissues: a focus on senescent immune cell and epithelial dysfunction.

Cellular senescence, recognized as a key hallmark of aging, leads to the accumulation of senescent cells in various tissues over time. While the detrimental effects of these cells on age-related pathological conditions are well-documented, there is still limited information about how senescent cells are distributed in normal tissues of both young and aged organs. Our research indicates that fully senescent p16 cells are rarely identified in the parenchyma of organic tissues and in the stromal cells crucial for structural maintenance, such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.

Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence, non-awareness, non-treatment, and non-control of diabetes among South Korean adults in 2021.

The purpose of this study was to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in diabetes prevalence, non-awareness, non-treatment, and non-control among South Korean adults in 2021. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Relative concentration indices (RCIs) and relative concentration curves stratified by sex and age were used to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence, non-awareness, non-treatment, and non-control of diabetes.

Wiring proton gradients for energy conversion.

Light-switchable buffer solutions based on merocyanine photoacids can be used as efficient photoenergy harvesting systems. Varying the solvation environment of merocyanine photoacids in water-methanol mixtures allows one to carefully tune their photoacidity, relaxation kinetics, and solubility, opening up the possibility to install persistent pH gradients of approximately 4 pH units under 500 nm light. When interfaced between two electrodes and exposed to asymmetric light irradiation, these solutions can be photoactivated precisely both in space and time, generating open circuit voltages as high as 240 mV that can last hours under steady-state irradiation - an outcome that is akin the peak performance of biological transmembrane proton pumps.

Effects of phytogenic feed additives in growing and finishing pigs under different stocking density.

This study was to investigate effects of different phytogenic feed additives (PFA) in grower finishing pigs with stressed by high stocking density. A total of 84 growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with initial body weight (BW) of 28.23 ± 0.

Graphene-enabled laser lift-off for ultrathin displays.

Laser lift-off (LLO) of ultrathin polyimide (PI) films is important in the manufacturing of ultrathin displays. However, conventional LLO technologies face challenges in separating the ultrathin PI films without causing mechanical and electrical damage to integrated devices. Here, we propose a graphene-enabled laser lift-off (GLLO) method to address the challenges.

Concise and Efficient Synthesis of Sequentially Isomeric Hetero[3]rotaxanes.

Stereoisomerism, stemming from the spatial orientation of components in molecular structures, plays a decisive role in nature. While the unconventional bonding found in mechanically interlocked molecules gives rise to unique expressions of stereochemistry, the exploration of their stereoisomers is still in its infancy. Sequence isomerism, characterized by variations in the ordering of mechanically interlocked components in catenanes and rotaxanes, mirrors the sequence variations found in biological macromolecules.

Harnessing Radicals: Advances in Self-Assembly and Molecular Machinery.

Radicals, with their unpaired electrons, exhibit unique chemical and physical properties that have long intrigued chemists. Despite early skepticism about their stability, the discovery of persistent radicals has opened new possibilities for molecular interactions. This review examines the mechanisms and applications of radically driven self-assembly, focusing on key motifs such as naphthalene diimides, tetrathiafulvalenes, and viologens, which serve as models for radical assembly.