Clade-Specific Recombination and Mutations Define the Emergence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus S-INDEL Lineages.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) continues to circulate globally, causing substantial economic losses to the swine industry. Historically, PEDV strains are classified into the classical G1, epidemic G2, and S-INDEL genotypes. Among these genotypes, the highly virulent and prevalent G2 genotype has been extensively studied.

Factors influencing awareness of beverage grading policies and their association with beverage consumption patterns.

Background: Given the current lack of government-led front-of-package nutrition labeling policies in China, research on Chinese consumers' genuine perceptions of nutrition labels and their association with healthy behaviors remains scarce. Notably, Shanghai's beverage grading policy stands out as one of the rare existing initiatives, providing a valuable opportunity to explore public awareness of the policy, its potential determinants, and its associations with consumer choices.

Design: To gain a clearer understanding of public perceptions of the beverage grading policy, a survey was conducted across seven hospitals in Shanghai, yielding 931 valid responses for analysis.

Freestanding and scalable VO/CMC composite film for thermal and optical THz modulation.

Despite striking advances in terahertz (THz) sources and detectors, the exploitation of active materials that can alter their properties in response to external excitations for the manipulation of THz waves is another major issue. Here, freestanding and easily scalable composite film based on vanadium dioxide/carboxymethyl cellulose (VO/CMC) is proposed to realize thermally and optically tunable THz waves. This VO/CMC composite film exhibits broadband modulation with a modulation depth of up to 76%, a response time of about 1.

Dynamic Antireflection and Reflectance Terahertz Modulator via Impedance Matching Using Composite GeSbTe/VO Phase-Change Thin Films.

Numerous functional materials have been investigated for impedance-matching-based terahertz (THz) antireflection; however, their practical utilization is significantly constrained by complex switching mechanisms, stringent excitation conditions, and challenging fabrication processes. In this study, we propose a novel method for THz wave amplitude modulation utilizing a VO/GST(GeSbTe) composite phase-change material interface, enabling efficient switching control and multiangle reflection modulation. By optimizing the device manufacturing process, we developed a modulation device that exhibits excellent antireflection performance at room temperature and can efficiently modulate the switching of THz signals.

Decadal climate variability during the pre-industrial Common Era: characteristics and mechanisms.

In this article, we present a comprehensive review of decadal to multi-decadal climate variability during the Common Era (CE), focusing on their characteristics and mechanisms. We begin by summarizing recent advances in proxy reconstructions that reveal the paleo-evidence of decadal to multi-decadal climate variability during the CE. Decadal to multi-decadal variability has been observed in extensive sets of proxy records in the CE.

Castleman disease coexisting with papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report.

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown etiology characterized by lymph node enlargement. CD cannot be confirmed by preoperative puncture cytology, and definitive diagnosis depends on postoperative histopathology. Due to the lack of characteristic clinical manifestations and imaging features, in clinical practice, CD is often easily missed or misdiagnosed, and it is frequently mistaken for lymphoma or autoimmune diseases.

Butylammonium-Based Chiral 2D Perovskite Single Crystals for Efficient UV Circularly Polarized Light Differentiation and High-Performance X-ray Detection.

Chiral two-dimensional perovskites are a promising candidate for circularly polarized light (CPL) detection, which combine inherent chirality with excellent optoelectronic properties, while exhibiting good structural stability. In this paper, a pair of chiral two-dimensional perovskites, single-crystal R/S-(BrBA)PbBr are synthesized using a cooling crystallization solution method. Due to the introduction of chiral organic molecules, the inorganic layers undergo significant distortion and deformation.

Flexible composite film utilizing VO self-adaptive photothermal and infrared radiative cooling for continuous energy harvesting.

Self-adaptive photothermal (PT) and radiative cooling (RC) based on insulation-metal phase transition vanadium dioxide (VO) are among the most promising continuous energy harvesting technologies recently. However, previous work relies on rigid substrates that cannot fit complex or non-planar surfaces. Here, we propose a flexible composite film by bonding a VO thin film and a polyimide (PI) substrate with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), which achieves efficient spectrally self-adaptive broadband absorption/emission and can convert between the daytime PT mode and nighttime RC mode.

A terahertz meta-sensor array for 2D strain mapping.

Large-scale stretchable strain sensor arrays capable of mapping two-dimensional strain distributions have gained interest for applications as wearable devices and relating to the Internet of Things. However, existing strain sensor arrays are usually unable to achieve accurate directional recognition and experience a trade-off between high sensing resolution and large area detection. Here, based on classical Mie resonance, we report a flexible meta-sensor array that can detect the in-plane direction and magnitude of preloaded strains by referencing a dynamically transmitted terahertz (THz) signal.

Exploring the bidirectional relationship between metabolic syndrome and thyroid autoimmunity: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have reported a possible association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and thyroid autoimmunity. Nevertheless, the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and MetS remains unclear. The objective of this research was to assess the causal impact of MetS on thyroid autoimmunity through the utilization of Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology.

Challenge-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors among Nurses: The Influence of Perceived Inclusive Leadership and Organizational Justice in High-Intensity Work Environment.

Aims: This study was designed to investigate the impact of inclusive leadership on challenge-oriented citizenship behaviors and examine the mediating role of organizational justice on the relationship between inclusive leadership and challenge-oriented citizenship behaviors among nurses.

Background: Leaders exhibiting an inclusive leadership style have the potential to create a positive work climate and motivate members of the organization. However, the mechanisms by which organizational justice contributes to this process remain to be explored, particularly in terms of how it motivates challenge-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors.

Transformational leadership competency: a cross-sectional study of medical university graduates in China.

Purpose: To explore the transformational leadership competency of graduates from one medical university in China and its influencing variables.

Method: From 2020 to 2021, 851 medical graduates from seven hospitals affiliated with the Capital Medical University participated in this survey. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study to assess transformational leadership competency, particularly from three aspects, including values, Emotional Intelligence (EI) abilities, and behaviors using the socially responsible leadership scale (SRLS), emotionally intelligent leadership, and student leadership practices inventory (EILI and SLPI).

Study of microscopic properties and heavy metal solidification mechanism of electrolytic manganese residue-based cementitious materials.

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a solid waste that contains a significant amount of soluble manganese and ammonia nitrogen, which can pose risks to human health if improperly disposed of. This study aimed to prepare cementitious materials containing abundant ettringite crystals by mixing EMR with various proportions of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and alkaline activators (CaO, Ca(OH), clinker, NaOH). The resulting cementitious material not only utilized a substantial amount of EMR but also exhibited comparable strength to ordinary Portland cement.

Effectiveness of immunosuppressant use for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced liver injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Immune-mediated liver injury caused by checkpoint inhibitors (ILICI) is a challenging clinical management issue. Although immunosuppressants are widely used to manage ILICI, no large-scale studies have proved definitive evidence for the most effective form of patient management.

Aim: Analysis of the effectiveness of immunosuppression for immune-related liver injury.

Thermal and mechanical THz modulation of flexible all-dielectric metamaterial.

The implementation of Terahertz (THz) modulation is critical for applications in high-speed wireless communications, security screening and so on. Therefore, it is particularly significant to obtain THz wave modulation devices with stable and flexible performance, easy manipulation of the modulation method, and multi-functionality. Here, we propose a flexible all-dielectric metamaterial by embedding zirconia (ZrO) microspheres into a vanadium dioxide/polydimethylsiloxane (VO/PDMS) composite, which can achieve thermal and mechanical tuning of THz wave transmission.

Global research hot spot and trends in tinnitus treatment between 2000 and 2021: A bibliometric and visualized study.

Background: In the 21 century, the prevalence of tinnitus is increasing, impacting approximately one in five people. It is a very complicated condition that significantly affects quality of life. Despite the availability of hundreds of tinnitus treatment options, none are very successful.

Neurovascular coupling changes in patients with magnetic resonance imaging negative focal epilepsy.

Brain neuron activity is closely related to cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes. Alterations in the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and CBF occur in patients with magnetic resonance imaging negative focal epilepsy (FEP-MRI). However, the coupling alterations of ReHo and CBF in FEP-MRI remain unclear.

Bibliometric insights in advances of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: Research situation, hot points, and global trends.

Background: Thyroid cancer has been on the rise over the last decade. Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) accounts for more than half of all thyroid cancers. Micropapillary carcinoma of the thyroid is a common but non-fatal form of thyroid cancer.

Immediate Effects of Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy Revealed by Magnetoencephalographic Recordings.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been a neuromodulatory option for treating drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), but its mechanism remains unclear. To obtain insight into the mechanism by which VNS reduces epileptic seizures, the immediate effects of VNS in brain networks of DRE patients were investigated when the patients' vagal nerve stimulators were turned on. The brain network properties of 14 DRE patients with a vagal nerve stimulator and 14 healthy controls were evaluated using magnetoencephalography recordings for 6 main frequency bands.

Distribution of tyrosol fatty acid esters in the gastrointestinal tracts of mice and their hydrolysis characteristics by gut microbiota.

Phenolic lipids have been approved as safe and effective antioxidants, and are a potential ingredient for functional foods. However, the characteristics of gastrointestinal distribution and microbial hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) are not clear. In this study, the above characteristics of tyrosol-myristic acid ester (T-C14:0), tyrosol-palmitic acid ester (T-C16:0) and tyrosol-stearic acid ester (T-C18:0) were estimated by an mice model and anaerobic fermentation model.

Experimental realization of visible gas sensing technology based on spatial heterodyne spectroscopy.

Based on the characteristics of optical absorption gas sensing technology (OA-GST) and spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS), a novel type of visual gas sensing technology (V-GST) can present the invisible gas information in the form of two-dimensional visual fingerprint, which has attracted people's attention. In this paper, we have realized the NO detection of V-GST in the laboratory environment for the first time. Experimental results show that: V-GST not only has different interferogram response to different spectra, but also has good response to different concentrations of NO, which lays a foundation for the application of this technology in gas sensing.

Gastrointestinal Distribution of Tyrosol Acyl Esters in Orally Infected Mice and Their Hydrolysis by Species Isolated from the Feces of Mice.

Phenolipids, which have been widely used as food antioxidants, are also a potential functional ingredient. However, their characteristics of gastrointestinal distribution and microbial hydrolysis remain unexplored. In this study, an mouse model and an anaerobic fermentation model were used to evaluate the above characteristics of tyrosol acyl esters (TYr-Es) with fatty acids (FAs) of C12:0, C18:0, and C18:2.

Effect of carbon chain length on the hydrolysis and transport characteristics of alkyl gallates in rat intestine.

Phenolipids such as alkyl gallates (A-GAs) have been approved by food industry as non-toxic antioxidant additives. However, their digestion and absorption mechanisms in the intestine have not yet been clarified. In this research, the hydrolysis and transport characteristics of A-GAs with fatty alcohols of various chain lengths (C1:0, C2:0, C3:0, C4:0, C8:0, C12:0 and C16:0) were estimated by the everted-rat-gut-sac model (ERGSM) for the first time.

Changes in resting-state cerebral blood flow and its connectivity in patients with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an important tool for understanding cerebral perfusion in epilepsy patients. The aim of this study was to explore patterns of change in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and CBF connectivity in patients with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS). High-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) T1-weighted and 3-D pseudo-continuous ASL magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was collected from 32 patients with FBTCS and 16 healthy volunteers using a 3.