Water as an Electron Donor for Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions.

Cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) reactions are considered to be among the most fundamental construction of carbon-carbon bonds in organic chemistry. Traditionally, stoichiometric reductants, including metallic and organic reagents, are required to promote these conversions, resulting in significant waste that contributes to environmental pollution and increased disposal costs. In this study, we report a divided electrochemical synthesis-based cross-coupling platform in which HO is oxidized at the anode surface to generate electrons that produce a lower oxidation state nickel catalyst on the cathode surface, enabling XEC reactions without the need for metallic or organic reagents.

[Comparative analysis of clinical characteristics of term and preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis undergoing surgery].

Objectives: To study the differences in clinical characteristics of term and preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) undergoing surgical treatment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 142 NEC neonates who underwent surgery at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2017 to August 2023. The neonates were categorized into a preterm group (gestational age <37 weeks; 95 cases) and a term group (gestational age 37-42 weeks; 47 cases) to compare clinical characteristics.

Anti-inflammatory effects of immunotherapy in clinical treatment and its potential mechanism in alleviating sleeping disorders: A systematic bibliometric study.

Sleeping disorders negatively affect cancer patient management, quality of life, and recovery. Immunotherapy, a rising cancer treatment, shows potential to improve sleep quality by reducing inflammation. This study analyzed 255 publications (2000-2024) from the Web of Science Core Collection using bibliometric methods.

Cyclic neutropenia: a case report and literature review.

To enhance the understanding of cyclic neutropenia (CyN) and improve the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Clinical data were analyzed from a 19-month-old child with recurrent infections and oral ulcers who was admitted to Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Hospital on August 27, 2021 and a literature review was conducted. The patient developed an infection every 14-47 days, with fever, oral ulcers, bacterial infections, and decreased blood neutrophil counts at disease onset.

Temporal trends of transcatheter aortic valve replacement outcomes in a high-volume center from China.

Since the first transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was performed in China in 2010, TAVR has developed rapidly. However, the temporal trends in the 1-year prognosis after TAVR in China have not been described. This study enrolled patients treated at a high-volume Chinese TAVR center, West China Hospital, between 2015 and 2022, to analyze and characterize the temporal trends in 1-year outcomes.

Association of handgrip strength with aortic stenosis among adults aged 60 years and older: evidence from the 157097 UK Biobank participants.

Objective: To examine the association of handgrip strength with aortic stenosis incidence among adults aged 60 years and older.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study using the UK Biobank data to assess the relationship between handgrip strength and incident aortic stenosis in individuals aged 60 years and older. Handgrip strength was measured using a Jamar J00105 hydraulic hand dynamometer.

Redox-Neutral Carboxylation of Benzylic Tertiary C-H Bonds with Carbon Dioxide.

The direct catalytic carboxylation of benzylic tertiary C-H bonds with CO for the synthesis of all-carbon quaternary carboxylic acids represents a significant challenge. Here, we present a redox-neutral approach to address this difficulty by leveraging the synergistic interplay between photocatalysis and cascade hydrogen abstraction cycles. Remarkably, this strategy eliminates the need for sacrificial electron donors, electron acceptors, or stoichiometric additives, offering enhanced atom economy and environmental sustainability.

TEMPO-Mediated Interrupted 6π-Photocyclization of -Biaryl-Appended 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds toward 10-Phenanthrenols.

In this paper, we present an example of a photoinduced catalyst, halogen-, and base-free TEMPO-mediated interrupted 6π-photocyclization/dehydrogenative aromatization of -biaryl-appended 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the preparation of 10-phenanthrenols. The reaction involves rapid photocycloaddition via a 1,2-biradical of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, followed by subsequent dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-biradical intermediates using TEMPO as the commercially available oxidant rather than trapped by TEMPO to form an alkoxyamine product.

Photoredox/Cobalt-Catalyzed Cascade Oxidative Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles under Oxidant-Free Conditions.

An efficient oxidant-free, photoredox-mediated cascade cyclization strategy for the synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles by using an organo acridinium photocatalyst and a cobaloxime catalyst has been developed. Various acylhydrazones have been transformed into the corresponding 1,3,4-oxadiazole products in up to 96% yield, and H is the only byproduct. Mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculation studies indicate carbon-centered radicals rather than oxygen-centered radicals as π-radicals produced by the oxidation of photoexcited Mes-Acr* along with deprotonation, which is responsible for this transformation.

Visible-Light-Promoted 6π Photocyclization of -Biaryl-Appended β-Ketoesters.

A photocatalyst- and additive-free visible-light-induced 6π-photocyclization of -biaryl-appended β-ketoesters has been developed. Upon irradiation with visible light, substrates undergo 6--trig cyclization/1,5-H shift to 9,10-dihydrophenanthren-9-ols with high efficiency and selectivity. The reaction proceeds conrotatory ring closure followed by a suprafacial 1,5-hydrogen shift leading to the observed single -fused products.

Synthesis of 10-Phenanthrenols Photosensitized Triplet Energy Transfer, Photoinduced Electron Transfer, and Cobalt Catalysis.

Due to the inert redox activity and high triplet energy, radical chemistry of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds usually requires prefunctionalization substrates, external oxidant, and high-energy UV light. Here, we report a visible-light-driven photocatalyst/cobaloxime system composed of a photosensitized energy transfer reaction (PEnT) and photoinduced electron transfer reaction (PET) and with an interrupted 6π-photocyclization/dehydrogenative aromatization in one pot to synthesize 10-phenanthrenols. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that -Ir(ppy) plays the dual roles of energy transfer catalysis for photocycloaddition 1,2-biradical intermediates of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and photoredox/cobaloxime catalysis dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-biradical rather than the intermediates 6π photocyclization in the tandem reaction.

[Research Hotspots and Trends of Multimorbidity].

Objective To clarify the hotspots and trends of multimorbidity research and to provide evidence for further research in China. Methods Papers on multimorbidity were retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science (from inception to August 11,2021).BICOMB and gCLUTO were used for bibliometric and clustering analysis,and CiteSpace was employed for analysis of authors and citations,and burst detection of keywords.

High Serum Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 125 Level Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Light-Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) are characterized by high levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125). However, studies have not explored the correlation between CA 125 and AL-CA. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical implications of an increase in CA 125 in patients with AL-CA.

[Establishment of an Iron-overloaded Mouse Model with Tuberculosis and Analysis of the Iron Metabolism Index].

Objective To establish a mouse model of exogenous iron overload combined with tuberculosis(TB). Methods C57BL/6N mice were divided into negative control, low-, medium-, and high-dose iron groups and received intraperitoneal injection of iron dextran at 0, 3.75, 7.

A Newly Designed Seed-Loading Device for Verifying the Safety of 125I Implants to the Canine Carotid Artery.

A seed-loading device was designed and modeled using the Monte Carlo method to verify the biological effect of iodine-125 (125I) particles on blood vessels through animal experiments. The dose distribution characteristics of irradiated vessels were established by adjusting the design variables and geometry. The deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value was verified in vitro by the thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) method.

Prevalence of mental health problems in frontline healthcare workers after the first outbreak of COVID-19 in China: a cross-sectional study.

Background: More than 210,000 medical workers have fought against the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei in China since December 2019. However, the prevalence of mental health problems in frontline medical staff after fighting COVID-19 is still unknown.

Methods: Medical workers in Wuhan and other cities in Hubei Province were invited to participate a cross-sectional and convenience sampling online survey, which assessed the prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Efficacy and Safety of Different Antiplatelet Strategies in Survivors of Myocardial Infarction With Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Purpose: Many patients with acute coronary syndrome may experience recurrent myocardial infarction although they are receiving optional therapy, but they are still associated with poor clincial outcomes. The goal of this study was to assess different antiplatelet strategies in these patients.

Methods: This retrospective trial compared ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose, 90-mg BID maintenance dose) and clopidogrel (300- to 600-mg loading dose, 150-mg daily maintenance dose) for the prevention of cardiovascular events in 1083 patients with acute coronary syndrome and recurrent myocardial infarction admitted to the hospital undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

The bifunctional SDF-1-AnxA5 fusion protein protects cardiac function after myocardial infarction.

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is a well-characterized cytokine that protects heart from ischaemic injury. However, the beneficial effects of native SDF-1, in terms of promoting myocardial repair, are limited by its low concentration in the ischaemic myocardium. Annexin V (AnxA5) can precisely detect dead cells in vivo.

Tight N-observable uncertainty relations and their experimental demonstrations.

The uncertainty relation, as one of the fundamental principles of quantum physics, captures the incompatibility of noncommuting observables in the preparation of quantum states. In this work, we derive two strong and universal uncertainty relations for N(N ≥ 2) observables with discrete and bounded spectra, one in multiplicative form and the other in additive form. To verify their validity, for illustration, we implement in the spin-1/2 system an experiment with single-photon measurement.

Vitexin alleviates ER-stress-activated apoptosis and the related inflammation in chondrocytes and inhibits the degeneration of cartilage in rats.

Excessive extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis are the pathological features of osteoarthritis (OA). The ability of flavonoid compounds isolated from Chinese hawthorn leaves to exert protective effects on several diseases, via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, has been demonstrated in several studies. This study explored the effects of vitexin on chondrocytes, and the underlying mechanisms thereof.

Real-Time Monitoring of Gross Beta Radioactivity in Tap Water and Committed Effective Dose.

To achieve real-time monitoring of gross beta radioactivity in drinking water, a scintillating fiber array system was developed. Using this system, the gross beta radioactivity in tap water at Tsinghua University campus in Beijing was monitored, and the same water samples were measured using the evaporation concentration method as a comparison experiment. Finally, the annual committed effective doses to children and adults who drank the tap water for a long time were estimated.

Corrigendum: A Stronger Multi-observable Uncertainty Relation.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep44764.

Gross beta determination in drinking water using scintillating fiber array detector.

A scintillating fiber array detector for measuring gross beta counting is developed to monitor the real-time radioactivity in drinking water. The detector, placed in a stainless-steel tank, consists of 1096 scintillating fibers, both sides of which are connected to a photomultiplier tube. The detector parameters, including working voltage, background counting rate and stability, are tested, and the detection efficiency is calibrated using standard potassium chloride solution.

A Necessary and Sufficient Criterion for the Separability of Quantum State.

Quantum entanglement has been regarded as one of the key physical resources in quantum information sciences. However, the determination of whether a mixed state is entangled or not is generally a hard issue, even for the bipartite system. In this work we propose an operational necessary and sufficient criterion for the separability of an arbitrary bipartite mixed state, by virtue of the multiplicative Horn's problem.