The complete relief of chronic pain utilizing electromagnetic theory: A retrospective observational cohort study.

We have developed a strategy that has reliably and reproducibly delivered long-term pain-free outcomes to chronic pain patients. This strategy incorporates electromagnetic theory into the use of neuromodulation. We have analyzed the clinical outcome data for 231 of our implanted patients to determine if there is a significant association between the use of our mathematical framework for placing the neuromodulation unit's electrode array and the state of "pain-free" (PF).

Probabilistic emotion and sentiment modelling of patient-reported experiences.

Patient feedback is necessary to assess the extent to which healthcare delivery aligns with public needs and expectations. Surveys provide structured feedback that is readily analysed; however, they are costly, infrequent, and constrained by predefined questions, limiting a comprehensive understanding of patient experience. In contrast, the unstructured nature of online reviews and social-media posts can reveal unique insights into patient perspectives, yet that very lack of structure presents a challenge for analysis.

Ancient DNA reveals reproductive barrier despite shared Avar-period culture.

After a long-distance migration, Avars with Eastern Asian ancestry arrived in Eastern Central Europe in 567 to 568 CE and encountered groups with very different European ancestry. We used ancient genome-wide data of 722 individuals and fine-grained interdisciplinary analysis of large seventh- to eighth-century CE neighbouring cemeteries south of Vienna (Austria) to address the centuries-long impact of this encounter. We found that even 200 years after immigration, the ancestry at one site (Leobersdorf) remained dominantly East Asian-like, whereas the other site (Mödling) shows local, European-like ancestry.

Revealing patient-reported experiences in healthcare from social media using thedesign-acquire-process-model-analyse-visualise framework.

Understanding patient experience in healthcare is increasingly important and desired by medical professionals in a patient-centred care approach. Healthcare discourse on social media presents an opportunity to gain a unique perspective on patient-reported experiences, complementing traditional survey data. These social media reports often appear as first-hand accounts of patients' journeys through the healthcare system, whose details extend beyond the confines of structured surveys and at a far larger scale than focus groups.

Cases of trisomy 21 and trisomy 18 among historic and prehistoric individuals discovered from ancient DNA.

Aneuploidies, and in particular, trisomies represent the most common genetic aberrations observed in human genetics today. To explore the presence of trisomies in historic and prehistoric populations we screen nearly 10,000 ancient human individuals for the presence of three copies of any of the target autosomes. We find clear genetic evidence for six cases of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and one case of trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), and all cases are present in infant or perinatal burials.

Extensive pedigrees reveal the social organization of a Neolithic community.

Social anthropology and ethnographic studies have described kinship systems and networks of contact and exchange in extant populations. However, for prehistoric societies, these systems can be studied only indirectly from biological and cultural remains. Stable isotope data, sex and age at death can provide insights into the demographic structure of a burial community and identify local versus non-local childhood signatures, archaeogenetic data can reconstruct the biological relationships between individuals, which enables the reconstruction of pedigrees, and combined evidence informs on kinship practices and residence patterns in prehistoric societies.

The effect of doxapram on survival and APGAR score in newborn puppies delivered by elective caesarean: A randomized controlled trial.

Doxapram is marketed as a respiratory stimulant and is used by some veterinarians to help with neonatal apnoea, especially in puppies delivered by caesarean. There is a lack of consensus as to whether the drug is effective and data on its safety are limited. Doxapram was compared to placebo (saline) in newborn puppies in a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial using two outcome measures: 7-day mortality rate and repeated APGAR score measurements.

Admixture has obscured signals of historical hard sweeps in humans.

The role of natural selection in shaping biological diversity is an area of intense interest in modern biology. To date, studies of positive selection have primarily relied on genomic datasets from contemporary populations, which are susceptible to confounding factors associated with complex and often unknown aspects of population history. In particular, admixture between diverged populations can distort or hide prior selection events in modern genomes, though this process is not explicitly accounted for in most selection studies despite its apparent ubiquity in humans and other species.

A multivariate extension to the standard 4σ criterion for comparison of forensic glass evidence.

This manuscript presents a more accurate and easy to implement multivariate generalisation of the international standard 4σ forensic glass comparison technique. Many crimes result in glass breaking, and the broken glass found at a crime scene can be important forensic evidence. The chemical composition of this glass can be measured to establish whether it can be distinguished from glass fragments found on a suspect's clothing.

A simulated comparison of behavioural observation sampling methods.

Behavioural research requires the use of sampling methods to document the occurrence of responses observed. Sampling/recording methods include ad libitum, continuous, pinpoint (instantaneous), and one-zero (interval) sampling. Researchers have questioned the utility of each sampling method under different contexts.

Associations of Immune Genetic Variability with Gulf War Illness in 1990-1991 Gulf War Veterans from the Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) Multisite Case-Control Study.

Gulf War illness (GWI) encompasses a constellation of persistent debilitating symptoms associated with significant changes in central nervous system (CNS) and immune functioning. Currently, there is no validated biomarker for GWI risk susceptibility. Given the impact of immune responses linked to GWI symptomology, genetic variability that causes persistent inflammatory/immune alterations may be key.

Widespread Denisovan ancestry in Island Southeast Asia but no evidence of substantial super-archaic hominin admixture.

The hominin fossil record of Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) indicates that at least two endemic 'super-archaic' species-Homo luzonensis and H. floresiensis-were present around the time anatomically modern humans arrived in the region >50,000 years ago. Intriguingly, contemporary human populations across ISEA carry distinct genomic traces of ancient interbreeding events with Denisovans-a separate hominin lineage that currently lacks a fossil record in ISEA.

Tacrolimus dose, blood concentrations and acute nephrotoxicity, but not CYP3A5/ABCB1 genetics, are associated with allograft tacrolimus concentrations in renal transplant recipients.

Aims: Long-term use of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus is limited by nephrotoxicity. Following renal transplantation, the risk of nephrotoxicity may be determined more by allograft than by blood tacrolimus concentrations, and thus may be affected by donor CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genetics. Little is known regarding factors that determine tacrolimus intrarenal exposure.

Uptake and Glycosylation of Smoke-Derived Volatile Phenols by Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes and Their Subsequent Fate during Winemaking.

Wine made from grapes exposed to bushfire smoke can exhibit unpleasant smoky, ashy characters, which have been attributed to the presence of smoke-derived volatile phenols, in free or glycosylated forms. Here we report the uptake and glycosylation of volatile phenols by grapes following exposure of Cabernet Sauvignon vines to smoke, and their fate during winemaking. A significant delay was observed in the conversion of volatile phenols to their corresponding glycoconjugates, which suggests sequestration, the presence of intermediates within the glycosylation pathway and/or other volatile phenol storage forms.

Mental Health Disease or Preventable Problem? Australian Dog Trainers' Opinions about Canine Separation Anxiety Differ with Training Style.

Separation anxiety is common. Many dog owners do not seek help from a veterinarian but might consult a trainer. The objective of this study was to investigate Australian trainers' opinions about separation anxiety.

Long-term outcome of kidney transplant by using restored kidney grafts after tumour ex vivo excision - a prospective study.

The aim of this study is to report long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation by using the kidney graft after a small tumour ex vivo excision. A structured programme was established to use the restored kidney graft from urological referral after radical nephrectomy. The criteria were defined as tumour size ≤3 cm, margin clear on frozen section and recipients aged ≥60 years or those on the urgent list for transplantation as a result of imminent lack of dialysis access.

Influence of partial dealcoholization on the composition and sensory properties of Cabernet Sauvignon wines.

Worldwide, winemakers are increasingly adopting alcohol management strategies to counter the higher wine ethanol concentrations observed over the past ~30 years. Wines with high ethanol levels exhibit increased 'hotness' on the palate, which is generally considered to negatively impact wine quality. This study investigated changes in the chemical and sensory profiles of five Cabernet Sauvignon wines following their partial dealcoholization by reverse osmosis-evaporative perstraction (RO-EP).

Regulatory Compliance in Online Dog Advertisements in Australia.

In Australia, each state and territory authority implements and enforces regulations regarding dog management-including the breeding and sale of dogs online-which is increasingly becoming the most popular method of obtaining pets. The aims for this study included: 1. Benchmarking regulatory compliance in online dog advertisements in Australia, and, 2.

Investigating Alcohol Sweetspot Phenomena in Reduced Alcohol Red Wines.

Warmer growing seasons, variations to grape ripening dynamics, and stylistic changes have contributed to increased wine alcohol levels, which can negatively impact sensory properties. As a consequence, winemakers have sought technological innovations to produce reduced alcohol wine (RAW). The sensory methodology used by industry to optimize the ethanol content of RAW is known as 'alcohol sweetspotting'.

GHOST: Recovering Historical Signal from Heterotachously Evolved Sequence Alignments.

Molecular sequence data that have evolved under the influence of heterotachous evolutionary processes are known to mislead phylogenetic inference. We introduce the General Heterogeneous evolution On a Single Topology (GHOST) model of sequence evolution, implemented under a maximum-likelihood framework in the phylogenetic program IQ-TREE (http://www.iqtree.

The impact of liver transplant recipient and donor genetic variability on tacrolimus exposure and transplant outcome.

This study investigated the effect of recipient and donor genetic variability on dose-adjusted steady-state tacrolimus concentrations (C ) and clinical outcomes 3 and 6 months after liver transplant. Twenty-nine recipients and matched donor blood samples were genotyped for 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms including CYP3A5*3 (rs776746), ABCB1 haplotype and immune genes. Associations between genetic variability and clinical parameters and C and the occurrence of rejection and nephrotoxicity were analysed by multivariate and multinomial logistic regression modelling and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests examined the impact of combined donor/recipient CYP3A5 expression on C .

Relationship between allograft cyclosporin concentrations and P-glycoprotein expression in the 1st month following renal transplantation.

The immunosuppressant cyclosporin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate whose impaired function has been associated with an increased risk of cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity following renal transplantation. This study investigated the relationship between blood and allograft cyclosporin concentration, and the effect of P-gp expression. Fifty biopsy samples were obtained from 39 renal transplant recipients who received cyclosporin as part of maintenance immunosuppression.

Designing group dose-response studies in the presence of transmission.

Dose-response studies are used throughout pharmacology, toxicology and in clinical research to determine safe, effective, or hazardous doses of a substance. When involving animals, the subjects are often housed in groups; this is in fact mandatory in many countries for social animals, on ethical grounds. An issue that may consequently arise is that of unregulated between-subject dosing (transmission), where a subject may transmit the substance to another subject.