Metrics that matter: Identifying endpoints for capturing the broad health impacts of prevention of obesity.

Aims: The link between health and economic prosperity is well established, yet quantifying the value of illness prevention remains challenging due to lack of comprehensive metrics. Obesity exemplifies this issue, having widespread societal and health care impacts but limited prevention funding. Existing metrics often fail to capture broader effects of prevention of obesity.

Understanding the clinical characteristics associated with health care costs and cost savings upon weight reduction in individuals with obesity or overweight.

Aims: This study aimed to (1) identify characteristics of people with obesity or overweight that are predictive of health care costs; and (2) identify potential subgroups associated with weight reduction and cost savings following weight reduction interventions.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study used the Optum MarketClarity database from 2014 to 2022. The primary objective was assessed among individuals ≥19 years old with obesity/overweight with ≥12 months of continuous medical/pharmacy enrolment (primary cohort; index date: date of body mass index [BMI] measure ≥27 kg/m closest to December 31, 2022).

Body Mass Index Progression, Development of Complications and Healthcare Costs Over 8 Years in UK Individuals Living With Overweight/Obesity.

Introduction: A detailed understanding of the risk factors for and impacts of body mass index (BMI) progression in people living with obesity is vitally needed. In this retrospective observational study, we examined the relationships between BMI progression, obesity-related complications (ORCs) and healthcare costs in individuals living with overweight or obesity in the UK.

Methods: Data were from the Discover database of linked primary and secondary care records from 2.

Estimating healthcare resource utilisation and cardiovascular events in people with high body mass index and established cardiovascular disease.

Aims: Obesity and its complications contribute to the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we characterised individuals with high body mass index (BMI) and established CVD by assessing healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and costs, incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective open cohort study using UK Discover data (study period: January 2004 to December 2019).

Multiple long-term conditions as the next transition in the global diabetes epidemic.

Several transitions, or new patterns and dynamics in the contributors and health outcomes, have altered the character and burden of the multi-decade, worldwide growth in prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These changes have led to different needs for prevention and care. These dynamics have been driven by diverse demographic, socio-economic, behavioural, and health system response factors.

Value-Based Healthcare in Practice: IDEATE, a Collaboration to Design and Test an Outcomes-Based Agreement for a Medicine in Wales.

Objective: To develop a sustainable, scalable methodology for the design of outcome-based agreements (OBAs) that works on the ground and dynamically overcomes historical challenges.

Methods: Project IDEATE co-created solutions to known (and emergent) challenges via iterative workshops and real-world data analysis to develop and refine a hypothetical model for an OBA in a trusted research environment. A cross-disciplinary collaboration between National Health Service (NHS) Wales, industry and academia was developed.

Evaluating the impact of the universal infant free school meal policy on the ultra-processed food content of children's lunches in England and Scotland: a natural experiment.

Background: The Universal Infant Free School Meal (UIFSM) policy was introduced in 2014/15 in England and Scotland for schoolchildren aged 4-7 years, leading to an increase in school meal uptake. UK school meals are known to be healthier and less industrially processed than food brought from home (packed lunches). However, the impact of the UIFSM policy on the quantity of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumed at school during lunchtime is unknown.

Ten-year progression of obesity-related complications in a population with overweight and obesity in the UK: A retrospective open cohort study.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of individual obesity-related complications (ORCs) and multimorbidity (≥ 1, ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 ORCs), and multimorbidity-associated healthcare costs, over 10 years.

Methods: This retrospective open cohort study used Discover, a UK database of linked primary and secondary electronic health records. Adults were stratified by body mass index (BMI; overweight: 25-< 30 kg/m; obesity class I: 30-< 35 kg/m; obesity class II: 35-< 40 kg/m; obesity class III: ≥ 40 kg/m).

Variations in healthcare costs by body mass index and obesity-related complications in a UK population: A retrospective open cohort study.

Aims: To estimate healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and healthcare costs by body mass index (BMI) in a UK cohort and to explore how this varied by defined BMI strata.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective open cohort study used Discover, a linked primary and secondary electronic health records database covering 2.7 million individuals.

Assessment of the impact of a personalised nutrition intervention in impaired glucose regulation over 26 weeks: a randomised controlled trial.

Dietary interventions can reduce progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia. In this study we aimed to determine the impact of a DNA-personalised nutrition intervention in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia over 26 weeks. ASPIRE-DNA was a pilot study.

Mortality from leading cancers in districts of England from 2002 to 2019: a population-based, spatiotemporal study.

Background: Cancers are the leading cause of death in England. We aimed to estimate trends in mortality from leading cancers from 2002 to 2019 for the 314 districts in England.

Methods: We did a high-resolution spatiotemporal analysis of vital registration data from the UK Office for National Statistics using data on all deaths from the ten leading cancers in England from 2002 to 2019.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cardiovascular disease prevention and corresponding geographical inequalities in England: interrupted time series analysis.

Background: There has been disruption to the detection and management of those with hypertension and atrial fibrillation (AF) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is likely to vary geographically and could have implications for future mortality and morbidity. We aimed to estimate the change in diagnosed prevalence, treatment and prescription indicators for AF and hypertension and assess corresponding geographical inequalities.

The economic burden of stomas in the UK: a retrospective observational study of health records and hospital encounters.

Background: Stomas divert waste from the small intestine (ileostomy), large intestine (colostomy) or ureters (urostomy), and complications are common.

Aims: This study evaluated healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and costs of stomas from a UK perspective.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of adults with new stomas (New Stoma Group) or new/existing stomas and >6 months of follow-up (Established Stoma Group) using health records linked with hospital encounters (January 2009-December 2018).

Real-world costs of obesity-related complications over eight years: a US retrospective cohort study in 28,500 individuals.

Background: Obesity-related complications (ORCs) are associated with high costs for healthcare systems. We assessed the relationship between comorbidity burden, represented by both number and type of 14 specific ORCs, and total healthcare costs over time in people with obesity in the USA.

Methods: Adults (≥ 18 years old) identified from linked electronic medical records and administrative claims databases, with a body mass index measurement of 30-< 70 kg/m between 1 January 2007 and 31 March 2012 (earliest measurement: index date), and with continuous enrolment for ≥ 1 year pre index (baseline year) and ≥ 8 years post index, were included.

Association between weight loss and health care resource utilization in adults living with obesity: Evidence from a UK primary care database.

Aims: We investigated the impact of intentional weight loss on health care resource utilization (HCRU) and costs among people with obesity.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study used data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database. Adults >18 years at index date [first recorded body mass index (BMI) of 30-50 kg/m between 2006 and 2015 with a further BMI record 4 years later] were assigned to an intentional weight loss cohort (-25% to -10% BMI change) or a stable weight cohort (-3% to +3%), based on their BMI change during a 4-year baseline period from index date.

An Insurance Value Modeling Approach That Captures the Wider Value of a Novel Antimicrobial to Health Systems, Patients, and the Population.

Traditional health economic evaluations of antimicrobials currently underestimate their value to wider society. They can be supplemented by additional value elements including insurance value, which captures the value of an antimicrobial in preventing or mitigating impacts of adverse risk events. Despite being commonplace in other sectors, constituents of the impacts and approaches for estimating insurance value have not been investigated.

Obesity-related complications, healthcare resource use and weight loss strategies in six European countries: the RESOURCE survey.

Background: Obesity-related complications (ORCs), such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease, contribute considerably to the clinical and economic impacts of obesity. To obtain a holistic overview of health and weight management attempts for people with obesity in Europe, we designed the cross-sectional RESOURCE survey to collect data on comorbidities, healthcare resource use (HCRU) and weight loss strategies from people with obesity in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the UK.

Methods: Adults (≥18 years old) with self-reported body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m who reported interacting with primary or secondary healthcare services in the past 12 months, but had not been pregnant during this time, were recruited from an existing consumer research panel.

Changes in life expectancy and house prices in London from 2002 to 2019: hyper-resolution spatiotemporal analysis of death registration and real estate data.

Background: London has outperformed smaller towns and rural areas in terms of life expectancy increase. Our aim was to investigate life expectancy change at very-small-area level, and its relationship with house prices and their change.

Methods: We performed a hyper-resolution spatiotemporal analysis from 2002 to 2019 for 4835 London Lower-layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs).