NutriNet-Brasil, a web-based prospective study on dietary patterns and risk of chronic diseases: cohort profile.

Purpose: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, are major global public health concerns. Diet quality-particularly the consumption of ultra-processed foods-has been associated with increased risk of NCDs. Traditional cohort studies are often expensive and logistically complex.

Estimating the share of ultra-processed foods in Brazilian municipalities.

Objective: To estimate the caloric share of ultra-processed foods (% UPF) in the 5,570 Brazilian municipalities.

Methods: The estimation of % UPF in municipalities was performed using a statistical prediction model based on data from 46,164 individuals aged over >10 years who participated in the Household Budget Survey (HBS 2017-2018). Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the average % UPF (measured through two 24-hour dietary recalls) based on predictor variables (sex, age, income, education, race/color, urbanity, federative units, and geographic location).

Association of low-calorie sweetened product consumption and intakes of free sugar and ultra-processed foods in UK children: a national study from 2008 to 2019.

Purpose: Little is known about the association between low- and no-calorie sweetened (LCS) product consumption and children's dietary quality, despite the promotion of these products as sugar alternatives. This study examines the trends and associations between LCS product consumption and intakes of free sugar, ultra-processed food and beverages (UPFB), and other key dietary components among UK children.

Methods: Repeated annual cross-sectional data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2008/09-2018/19) for children aged 4-18 years (N = 5,922) were analysed.

Exposure to ultra-processed food and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a prospective cohort study.

Aims: There has been a global shift from nutrient-dense diets to an ultra-processed food pattern, which is linked to adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular mortality. However, there is limited evidence in an Australian setting. Furthermore, many people in Australia have emigrated from countries with heart-healthy diets.

Application of the Nova food classification to the 2017-2018 Household Budget Survey: monitoring adherence to the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.

Objective: To describe the food categorization method of the 2017-2018 Household Budget Survey as per the Nova classification, bringing transparency and replicability to the process of monitoring adherence to the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.

Methods: The foods reported in the Survey were classified in four stages, namely: identification of culinary preparations and items composed of more than one food; determination of the recipe for culinary preparations and items to be disaggregated; application of the Nova classification; sensitivity analysis.

Results: After disaggregation, 1,856 items were classified according to the Nova classification, consisting of 1,050 unprocessed or minimally processed foods, 54 processed culinary ingredients, 160 processed foods and 592 ultra-processed foods.

Premature Mortality Attributable to Ultraprocessed Food Consumption in 8 Countries.

Introduction: Ultraprocessed foods are becoming dominant in the global food supply. Prospective cohort studies have consistently found an association between high consumption of ultraprocessed foods and increased risk of several noncommunicable diseases and all-cause mortality. The study aimed to (1) estimate the risk of all-cause mortality for ultraprocessed foods consumption and (2) estimate the attributable epidemiologic burden of ultraprocessed food consumption in 8 select countries.

Food purchasing places classification system based on the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population: Locais-Nova.

Objective: To propose a new classification system for food purchasing places (Locais-Nova) based on the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population.

Methods: We used 2017-2018 Brazilian Household Budgets Survey data on household food purchasing. Foods were categorized, according to the Nova classification, into unprocessed or minimally processed food, processed culinary ingredients, processed foods and ultra-processed foods.

A novel FFQ for Brazilian adults based on the Nova classification system: development, reproducibility and validation.

Objective: To describe the development and validation of the Nova FFQ (NovaFFQ) for Brazilian adults.

Design: The NovaFFQ is a self-administered, semi-quantitative questionnaire. The food list includes the most consumed foods and drinks based on 2017-2018 National Food Intake Survey data.

[Ultra-processed foods and culinary preparations on promotions in Brazil's largest food delivery app].

The scope of this study was to verify differences in the characteristics of predominantly ultra-processed foods or culinary dishes on sale from the largest food delivery app in Brazil in neighborhoods with differing socioeconomic categories in the city of São Paulo. Twenty neighborhoods were selected, categorized according to quartiles of the Municipal Human Development Index. Data on food on sale, classified as culinary preparations or ultra-processed foods, were collected from the centroid of the neighborhoods.

Plant-based dietary patterns and ultra-processed food consumption: a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank.

Background: Dietary shift towards more plant-based options is increasingly popular, but the quantity of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) they contain is largely unknown. This study assessed the level of UPF and minimally processed food consumption among regular and low red meat eaters, flexitarians, pescatarians, vegetarians and vegans in a large dataset of United Kingdom (UK) adults.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank participants recruited between December 19, 2006, and October 1, 2010.

Description and performance of two diet quality scores based on the Nova classification.

Objective: To describe two low-burden diet quality scores and evaluate their performance in reflecting the dietary share of the least and most processed foods defined within the Nova food system classification.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from the NutriNet-Brasil cohort. Participants answered the Nova24hScreener, a 3-minute self-administered questionnaire measuring the consumption of a set of foods on the day before.

Evaluating the impact of the universal infant free school meal policy on the ultra-processed food content of children's lunches in England and Scotland: a natural experiment.

Background: The Universal Infant Free School Meal (UIFSM) policy was introduced in 2014/15 in England and Scotland for schoolchildren aged 4-7 years, leading to an increase in school meal uptake. UK school meals are known to be healthier and less industrially processed than food brought from home (packed lunches). However, the impact of the UIFSM policy on the quantity of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumed at school during lunchtime is unknown.

Higher Ultraprocessed Food Consumption Is Associated With Depression Persistence and Higher Risk of Depression Incidence in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Background: Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) consumption has been associated with depression risk, but its association with depression persistence is unclear.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of UPF consumption with depression persistence and incidence.

Design: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health is a multicenter prospective cohort study with 3 waves (2008-2010, 2012-2014, and 2017-2019).

Degree of food processing and breast cancer risk: a prospective study in 9 European countries.

Unlabelled: Recent epidemiological studies have suggested a positive association between ultra-processed food consumption and breast cancer risk, although some studies also reported no association. Furthermore, the evidence regarding the associations between intake of food with lower degrees of processing and breast cancer risk is limited. Thus, we investigated the associations between dietary intake by degree of food processing and breast cancer risk, overall and by breast cancer subtypes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

The share of ultra-processed foods determines the overall nutritional quality of diet in British vegetarians.

The aim of this study was to describe the dietary intake of British vegetarians according to the Nova classification and to evaluate the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and the nutritional quality of the diet. We used data from the UK national survey (2008/2019). Food collected through a 4-d record were classified according to the Nova system.

Implications of food ultra-processing on cardiovascular risk considering plant origin foods: an analysis of the UK Biobank cohort.

Background: Comprehensive research evidence is lacking on the role of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in the relationship between the consumption of plant-sourced foods and their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. This study aims to assess CVD risk associated with the dietary contribution of food groups that consider both plant or animal origin and food processing categories, within a large cohort of British adults.

Methods: Data from the UK Biobank participants (40-69 y) who completed at least two 24-h dietary recalls between 2009 and 2012 (n = 126,842; median follow-up: 9 y), with subsequent data linkage to hospital and mortality records, were used.

Association between ultra-processed dietary pattern and bullying: the role of deviant behaviors.

Background: Ultra-processed foods have been associated with several negative outcomes, but it is not clear whether they are related to bullying perpetration. Moreover, no previous study has investigated the potential role of deviant behaviors as a mediator of this association. Our objective was to evaluate the association between ultra-processed dietary pattern and bullying, and the mediating effect of deviant behaviors in this association, among school adolescents.

Evolution of household availability of added sugars and their sources in Brazil: analysis of Household Budget Surveys from 2002 to 2017.

The objective of this study was to describe the evolution of household purchase of added sugars and their main food sources in Brazil. Nationally representative data from the Household Budget Surveys from 2002-2003, 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 were used. Energy and added sugar quantities were estimated by means of per capita food quantities.

Association between ultra-processed food and snacking behavior in Brazil.

Purpose: Ultra-processed food may play a role in facilitating snacking behavior because of their convenience and low satiety potential. This study aimed to describe the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and frequency of snacking.

Methods: We analyzed data from 46,164 participants (≥ 10 years old) in the 2017-2018 Brazilian Household Budget Survey.

The environmental impact of beef and ultra-processed food consumption in Brazil.

Objective: This study evaluated the independent and combined environmental impacts of the consumption of beef and ultra-processed foods in Brazil.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Brazil.