Sex Hormone Androgen Elevates Blood Pressure Through Gut Microbiota-TMAO Pathway.

Background: Hypertension is a leading risk factor for all-cause mortality worldwide, affecting ≈1.3 billion people. Imbalanced gut microbiota contributes to blood pressure elevation.

Warhead Strategy for Targeted Protein S-Nitrosation.

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical factors in disease progression. While progress has been made in regulating disease-associated PTMs such as phosphorylation and acetylation, the approach to achieving targeted S-nitrosation for disease treatment, particularly in vivo, remains largely uncharted. This challenge arises because S-nitrosation is primarily mediated by nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous free radical that complicates efforts to confine the effects of NO to a specific protein.

Design, Synthesis, and Anti-ischemic Stroke Activity Evaluation of Novel GSNOR Inhibitors.

S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a key regulator of protein S-nitrosation, is a promising therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of indole-based GSNOR inhibitors with potent anti-ischemic activity. Molecular docking and enzymatic assays identified lead compound , and structural optimization yielded compound , the most potent inhibitor (IC = 44.

A Fluorescent Probe for Imaging and Treating S-Nitrosation Stress in OGD/R Cells.

Protein S-nitrosation, a redox post-translational modification elicited by nitric oxide (NO), is essential for modulating diverse protein functions and signaling pathways. Dysregulation of S-nitrosation is implicated in various pathological processes, including oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury, a widely used model for ischemia-reperfusion diseases. The dynamic changes in S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) during ischemia-reperfusion highlight the need for theranostic strategies to monitor and modulate SNO levels based on pathological progression.

Blockade of PVN neuromedin B receptor alleviates inflammation via the RAS/ROS/NF-κB pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Neuromedin B (NMB) has potentially great impacts on the development of cardiovascular diseases by promoting hypertensive and sympatho-excitation effects. However, studies regarding the NMB function in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) are lacking. With selective neuromedin B receptor (NMBR) antagonist, BIM-23127, we aim to determine whether the blockade of NMB function in PVN could alleviate central inflammation and attenuate hypertensive responses.

Metabolomic Analysis of Follicular Fluid in Normal-Weight Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background: This study aimed to examine the differential variations in the metabolic composition of follicular fluid (FF) among normal-weight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls and to identify potential biomarkers that may offer insights into the early identification and management of these patients.

Methods: We collected FF samples from 45 normal-weight women with PCOS and 36 normal-weight controls without PCOS who were undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. An untargeted metabolomic study of collected FF from infertile women was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry (LC-MS).

Testis-Specific Protein, Y-Encoded-Like 2 Activates JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus to Sustain Hypertension.

Background: In the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), the expression of the testis-specific protein, Y-encoded-like 2 (TSPYL2) and the phosphorylation level of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are higher comparing with the normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). But how they are involved in hypertension remains unclear. TSPYL2 may interact with JAK2/STAT3 in PVN to sustain high blood pressure during hypertension.

Antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy induces long-term changes in gut microbiota and the behaviors of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder offspring.

The pathogenesis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been fully elucidated. Gestational hypertension could double the probability of ADHD in the offspring, while the initial bacterial communication between the mother and offspring has been associated with psychiatric disorders. Thus, we hypothesize that antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy may abate the impairments in neurodevelopment of the offspring.

Taurocholic acid ameliorates hypertension through the activation of TGR5 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

Diets rich in taurine can increase the production of taurine-conjugated bile acids, which are known to exert antihypertensive effects. Despite their benefits to the heart, kidney and arteries, their role in the central nervous system during the antihypertensive process remains unclear. Since hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a key role in blood pressure regulation, we aimed to investigate the function of bile acids in the PVN.

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been implicated in fueling the obesity epidemic.

Objectives: This study aimed to update a synthesis of the evidence on SSBs and weight gain in children and adults.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched through September 8, 2022, for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated intake of SSBs in relation to BMI and body weight in children and adults, respectively.

Resveratrol in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Hypertension by Regulation of ROS and Neurotransmitters.

Background: The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important nucleus in the brain that plays a key role in regulating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure. Silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (sirtuin1, SIRT1) not only protects cardiovascular function but also reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the periphery. However, its role in the central regulation of hypertension remains unknown.

Exercise Training Attenuates Hypertension via Suppressing ROS/MAPK/NF-κB/AT-1R Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus.

Background: Aerobic exercise training (ExT) is beneficial for hypertension, however, its central mechanisms in improving hypertension remain unclear. Since the importance of the up-regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1R) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamic in sympathoexcitation and hypertension has been shown, we testified the hypothesis that aerobic ExT decreases blood pressure in hypertensive rats by down-regulating the AT-1R through reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factors κB (NF-κB) pathway within the PVN.

Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to the following groups: sham operation (SHAM) + kept sedentary (Sed), SHAM + exercise training (ExT), two kidney-one clamp (2K1C) + Sed, and 2K1C + ExT groups.

White rice, brown rice and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Intake of white rice has been associated with elevated risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), while studies on brown rice are conflicting. To inform dietary guidance, we synthesised the evidence on white rice and brown rice with T2D risk.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Incident Cancer Detection During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Resource restrictions were established in many jurisdictions to maintain health system capacity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disrupted healthcare access likely impacted early cancer detection. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on weekly reported cancer incidence.

The Temporal Dynamics of EEG Microstate Reveals the Neuromodulation Effect of Acupuncture With .

The electroencephalography (EEG) microstate has recently emerged as a new whole-brain mapping tool for studying the temporal dynamics of the human brain. Meanwhile, the neuromodulation effect of external stimulation on the human brain is of increasing interest to neuroscientists. Acupuncture, which originated in ancient China, is recognized as an external neuromodulation method with therapeutic effects.

Astaxanthin Ameliorates Blood Pressure in Salt-Induced Prehypertensive Rats Through ROS/MAPK/NF-κB Pathways in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus.

Astaxanthin (AST) has a variety of biochemical effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antihypertensive functions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether AST ameliorates blood pressure in salt-induced prehypertensive rats by ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathways in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.To explore the central effects of AST on the development of blood pressure, prehypertensive rats were induced by a high-salt diet (HS, 8% NaCl) and its control groups were treated with normal-salt diet (NS, 0.

Imagined speech increases the hemodynamic response and functional connectivity of the dorsal motor cortex.

. Decoding imagined speech from brain signals could provide a more natural, user-friendly way for developing the next generation of the brain-computer interface (BCI). With the advantages of non-invasive, portable, relatively high spatial resolution and insensitivity to motion artifacts, the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) shows great potential for developing the non-invasive speech BCI.

Effect of Conditioned Medium from Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Rejuvenation of Nucleus Pulposus Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells from Degenerated Intervertebral Disc.

Background And Objectives: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based treatment for degeneration of intervertebral disc (IVD) has been proposed recently. We here addressed whether MSC secreted factors can rejuvenate nucleus pulposus- derived stem/progenitor cells from degenerated disc (D-NPSCs) in vitro.

Methods And Results: We analyzed the expression of MSCs and NP cell specific surface markers, pluripotency related genes, multilineage potential and cell proliferative capacity of D-NPSCs upon incubation with the conditioned medium which was collected from the umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCMSCs).