Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscle Satellite Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Mediate Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via the miR-335-5p/MAPK11/iNOS Pathway.

Prolonged high-dose administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) leads to limb muscle atrophy and weakness, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Muscle fibers and muscle satellite cells (MSCs) are essential for skeletal muscle development and associated pathologies. This study demonstrates that dexamethasone (Dex) induced MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) impair myogenesis in muscle fiber-like cells (MFLCs) via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) suppression.

Co-administration of berberine and evodiamine: Mitigating evodiamine-induced hepatotoxicity and potentiating colitis treatment.

Background: The combined therapeutic mechanisms of evodiamine (EVO) and berberine (BBR), which are the primary bioactive components contributing to the pharmacological effects of Euodiae Fructus and Rhizoma Coptidis, a classic herb pair used for colitis, have not yet been fully elucidated PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the critical mechanisms by which co-administration EVO and BBR mitigated EVO-induced hepatotoxicity while exerting therapeutic effects against colitis.

Methods: Safety and therapeutic outcomes of EVO alone and combined BBR were validated in normal and colitis models. RNA-seq sequencing was performed on liver and colon tissues from different groups, while metagenomic sequencing was utilized to analysis fecal samples.

Yuye Jinhua Qingre Tablets Attenuate Acute Pharyngitis by inhibiting the Complement Cascade and C5a/C5aR1 Axis.

Background: Acute pharyngitis (AP) is a common upper respiratory tract infection, primarily characterized by symptoms such as throat pain, redness, swelling, and difficulty swallowing. It is typically caused by viral infections, bacterial infections, or physical and chemical irritants. Yuye Jinhua Qingre Tablets (YYJH) are recognized for their ability to clear heat, detoxify, reduce swelling, and alleviate pain, making them a common treatment option for acute pharyngitis.

Zexie Tang Polysaccharides (ZXTPs) alleviate high-fat diet-induced NAFL in mice through improving intestinal microbiota imbalance and liver metabolic dysfunction.

Zexie Tang (Alisma Decoction, ZXT), derived from "Jin-Guiyaolue" (Synopsis of Prescriptions from the Golden Chamber), is composed of two kinds of herbs, namely Zexie (Atractylodes macrocephala) and Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala). And Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala), and its extractions have demonstrated hepatoprotective properties. We hypothesize that the polysaccharides in Zexie Tang might have therapeutic effects on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

Fabrication of Antibacterial Poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Graphene Nanocomposite Fibers by In Situ Polymerization for Fruit Preservation.

A novel polyester/graphene nanocomposite fiber was produced using the in situ polymerization protocol with carboxylated graphene and melt spinning technology. The resulting nanocomposite fibers were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fibers containing 0.

Arthropod diversity dynamics in guava and cherimoya plantations affected by Solenopsis invicta invasion.

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta, RIFA) is one of the most ecologically disruptive invasive species, yet its impacts on arthropod biodiversity within subtropical orchard agroecosystems-particularly guava (Psidium guajava) and cherimoya (Annona cherimola) plantations-remain insufficiently quantified. This study investigated how RIFA invasion influences arthropod community composition, diversity and trophic group dynamics across these 2 plantation systems in southern China. Results indicated that RIFA invasions significantly reduced both order- and family-level richness and evenness.

An adaptive AI-based virtual reality sports system for adolescents with excess body weight: a randomized controlled trial.

Adolescents with obesity face numerous health risks and encounter barriers that lead to physical inactivity. We developed a virtual reality sports system, named REVERIE (Real-World Exercise and VR-Based Exercise Research in Education), which used deep reinforcement learning to train transformer-based virtual coaching agents, offering immersive and effective sports guidance, with biomechanical performance comparable to real-world physical sports. We integrated REVERIE into a randomized controlled trial involving an 8-week intervention in adolescents with excess body weight (n = 227).

Seasonal Dynamics of Red Imported Fire Ant () Colony Structures Across Plantations and Fishponds in South China.

The red imported fire ant (, RIFA) is a globally invasive species with strong sensitivity to environmental conditions. This study investigated the seasonal dynamics and colony structure of RIFA over the course of one year across two typical habitats in South China: plantations and fishponds. The results revealed clear seasonal patterns in caste composition.

Efficient fluorescence emission from protonated 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with dimethylamino substitution.

pH-sensing materials are vital in fields such as healthcare and environmental monitoring, and in industrial processes, due to their ability to detect and respond to changes in acidity and alkalinity. However, many proton-responsive luminescent materials suffer from fluorescence quenching after protonation, which limits their detection sensitivity. To address this challenge, we have designed and synthesized two donor-acceptor (D-A) type 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (L-mDMAOXDBEN and B-mDMAOXDBEN), and their fluorescence and proton-responsive properties were investigated using a combination of experimental techniques and theoretical calculations.

A Relay-Type Solid-State Macrocyclic Host-Guest System for Selective Isomer Adsorption, Controlled Release, and Turn-On Colorimetric Sensing of 1-/2-Bromoalkanes.

Macrocycle-based adaptive crystals have gained significant attention for their precise adsorption and separation capabilities. However, achieving controlled analyte release under nonthermal stimuli remains a major challenge. Here, a relay-type solid-state host-guest system based on a fluorinated pillararene derivative, EtFLP6, is presented, which enables selective adsorption of 1-/2-bromoalkane isomers, room-temperature-controlled desorption, and turn-on colorimetric sensing.

Discovery of DC20 as a potential non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with excellent pharmacokinetic properties.

S-DACOs are a series of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) known for their effective antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity, although their water solubility and bioavailability have been suboptimal. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated 25 novel compounds, most of which demonstrated a CLogP below 5 and exhibited potent antiviral activity against HIV-1 with EC values ranging from 0.86 to 0.

Combined Effect of HF-rTMS and Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Cognitive Efficiency in Esports Players With or Without Sedentary Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The present study investigated the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS), whole-body vibration training (WBVT), and a combination of HF-rTMS and WBVT interventions on cognitive performance in esports players with or without sedentary behaviors.

Methods: A total of 128 participants, including sedentary and non-sedentary esports players, were randomly assigned to the HF-rTMS group, the WBVT group, the HF-rTMS + WBVT group, or the control group. The interventions were administered daily for 2 weeks, and pretest, mid-test, and posttest assessments were conducted.

Proteomic analysis of B cells in peripheral lymphatic system reveals the dynamics during the systemic lupus erythematosus progression.

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis of B cells from the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (mLN), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in a time-course model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using female MRL/lpr mice. By combining fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and 4D-Data-Independent Acquisition (4D-DIA) mass spectrometry, we quantified nearly 8000 proteins, identifying significant temporal and tissue-specific proteomic changes during SLE progression. PBMC-derived B cells exhibited early proteomic alterations by Week 9, while spleen-derived B cells showed similar changes by Week 12.

ZBED6 inhibits the migration of glioblastoma cells by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

ZBED6, a member of the zinc-finger protein superfamily, has incompletely defined biological functions in cancer. Previous studies suggest that ZBED6 may influence colorectal cancer growth and cell cycle regulation. This study aims to investigate the biological role and regulatory mechanisms of ZBED6 in glioblastoma.

The DHCR7 is the key target of lipotoxic liver injury caused by matrine through abnormal activation of the cholesterol synthesis pathway.

Background: Matrine, the main active ingredient in Sophora flavescens and Sophorae tonkinensis radix et rhizome, is a highly effective insecticide. However, its hepatotoxicity to some extent affects its application value. This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying matrine-induced liver injury.

PTPRG-AS1 regulates the KITLG/KIT pathway through the ceRNA axis to promote the malignant progression of gastric cancer and the intervention effect of Compound Kushen injection on it.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor with high mortality, recurrence, and metastasis rates. Compound Kushen injection (CKI) combination chemotherapy has been clinically used for the treatment of GC in China for many years, but its underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Recent reports have highlighted the important role of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) formation in GC and other tumors.

Geminiarene-Based Charge-Transfer Cocrystals with Dichromatic Variants and Stimuli-Responsive Structural Interconversion.

The construction of stimuli-responsive charge-transfer (CT) cocrystals is a challenging frontier in organic crystal engineering. Here, we introduce a gemini CT cocrystal system with dichromatic stimuli-responsiveness by utilizing the unique dual/gemini conformational feature of geminiarene. Geminiarene binds with the electron-deficient guest 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene through exo-wall interactions to form two types of gemini CT cocrystals with distinct colors.

Identification of Co-29, a 5-cyano-2-thiacetyl aromatic pyrimidinone, as a potential inhibitor targeting the RdRp of norovirus.

Background: Human norovirus (HNV) is the predominant pathogen causing outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis globally. Despite significant efforts to combat norovirus infections, there is currently no FDA approved vaccine or antiviral drug available. Consequently, the development of effective antiviral agents is of critical importance.

Four New Bisabolane-Type Sesquiterpenoids From Sanguisorba officinalis.

Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Di-Yu in Chinese) is a traditional herbal plant that belongs to the genus Sanguisorba (Rosaceae). Four new bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids (1-4) and two known monoterpenoids (5 and 6) were isolated from the roots of S.

Efficacy and safety of biyuan tongqiao granules in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Biyuan Tongqiao granules (BYTQ granules) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR), made from 14 herbal ingredients. Studies have shown that this medicine can increase the permeability of nasal capillaries, inhibit inflammatory mediators, and help alleviate the symptoms of rhinitis, proving its effectiveness in treating AR.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of BYTQ granules as an adjunctive treatment for AR.

Exploring the Anti-Colorectal Cancer Mechanism of Norcantharidin Through TRAF5/NF-κB Pathway Regulation and Folate-Targeted Liposomal Delivery.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, significantly impacting human health. Cantharidin (CTD), an active compound derived from the Spanish fly, exhibits antitumor properties. Its derivative, norcantharidin (NCTD), is synthesized by removing methyl groups from positions 1 and 2 of cantharidin.

Impaired mitochondrial integrity and compromised energy production underscore the mechanism underlying CoASY protein-associated neurodegeneration.

Coenzyme A (CoA) is a crucial metabolite involved in various biological processes, encompassing lipid metabolism, regulation of mitochondrial function, and membrane modeling. CoA deficiency is associated with severe human diseases, such as Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) and CoASY protein-associated neurodegeneration (CoPAN), which are linked to genetic mutations in Pantothenate Kinase 2 (PANK2) and CoA Synthase (CoASY). Although the association between CoA deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction has been established, the underlying molecular alterations and mechanisms remain largely elusive.

Clinical Assessment of Common Medications for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis.

Objective: With a steadily rising prevalence, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was a leading global cause of liver-related health problems. In the clinical management of NAFLD, various western pharmaceuticals were widely utilized. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of common western medications for NAFLD patients.

Uncovering dark mass in population proteomics: Pan-analysis of single amino acid polymorphism relevant to cognition and aging.

Human proteome data across populations have been analyzed extensively to reveal protein quantitative associations with physiological or pathological states, while the single amino acid polymorphism (SAP) has been rarely investigated. In this work, we introduce a pan-SAP workflow that relies on pan-database searching independent of individual genome sequencing. Using ten cohorts comprising 2,004 individuals related to cognition disorder and aging, we quantify the SAP sites in key proteins, such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid at the proteome level.