Enhancing the Resilience of ROS 2-Based Multi-Robot Systems with Kubernetes: A Case Study on UWB-Based Relative Positioning.

ROS (Robot Operating System) has become the de facto standard in robotics research and development, with ROS 2, in particular, offering enhanced support for real-time communication, distributed systems, and scalable multi-robot applications. These capabilities have driven its widespread adoption across academia, industry, and the open-source community. However, deploying ROS 2 applications across heterogeneous hardware platforms remains a complex task-especially in scenarios that require tightly coordinated, multi-agent systems.

Effect of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy on perioperative hypoxemia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hypoxia is the leading cause of complications and death during anesthesia. The risk of hypoxemia in children is higher than in adults. The use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) can prevent desaturation of blood oxygen saturation in children.

Capnography monitoring reduces incidence of hypoxia in older patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol sedation.

Background And Study Aims: Whether routine capnography monitoring during gastrointestinal endoscopy sedation can reduce occurrence of hypoxia is controversial. Older patients are more prone to hypoxia. This study aimed to determine the effect of additional capnography monitoring on incidence of hypoxia in older patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol sedation.

Development and validation of an interpretable risk prediction model for perioperative ischemic stroke in noncardiac, nonvascular, and nonneurosurgical patients: a retrospective study.

Background: Perioperative stroke is a severe complication for patients undergoing non-cardiac, non-vascular, and non-neurosurgical surgeries, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite its clinical relevance, effective predictive models for stroke risk in this population are scarce. This study seeks to develop and validate an interpretable predictive model that incorporates essential perioperative variables to assess stroke risk.

Neuroactive Steroids Hold Promise as Innovative Anesthetics.

Previous studies have shown that general anesthetics have neurotoxic effects on developing brains. Reducing the toxicity of anesthetics or finding nonneurotoxic anesthetics is a major challenge in anesthetic research. Neuroactive steroids (NASs) are active steroids in nervous tissue that regulate the excitability of the nervous system, γ-Aminobutyric acid subtype A receptors (GABARs) serve as key targets in this regulatory process.

Efficacy and safety of peripherally-restricted κ-opioid receptor agonist-HSK21542 for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.

Background: This phase 2 trial comprised dose exploration (stage 1) and dose confirmation stages (stage 2) to determine the safety and efficacy of HSK21542 in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

Methods: In stage 1, patients were randomly allocated at a ratio of 4:1 (12 to receive HSK21542, 3 to receive placebo) to 4 ascending dose groups in a sequential manner (group 1: preoperative HSK21542-0.4 μg/kg (or placebo) + HSK21542-0.

Delirium as a Precursor to Dementia in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

This study aimed to investigate the association between delirium and incident dementia in elderly (≥65 years) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, addressing the heightened dementia risk in this population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) spanning January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2022. The study included elderly (≥65 years) T2DM patient newly diagnosed between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for perioperative acute kidney injury in non-cardiac and non-urological surgery patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: This study presents a predictive model designed to fill the gap in tools for predicting perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing non-cardiac, non-urological surgeries, with the goal of improving clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 40,520 patients aged 65 and older who underwent non-cardiac, non-urological surgeries was analyzed. Key risk factors were identified using univariable logistic regression and LASSO, while multivariate logistic regression was applied to develop and validate the model.

Evaluating GLP-1 receptor agonists versus metformin as first-line therapy for reducing dementia risk in type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: No direct comparisons have evaluated glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) versus metformin as first-line antidiabetic therapy for preventing dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to assess the comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs and metformin in reducing dementia risk.

Research Design And Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from a global health research network between 2004 and 2024.

SGLT2 inhibitors vs. metformin for Parkinson's disease risk reduction in type 2 diabetes.

SummaryThis study is the first large-scale, head-to-head comparison suggesting that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) may offer greater neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease (PD) compared to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Utilizing a 20-year real-world dataset and propensity score matching, we found that SGLT2i users had a 28% lower adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for PD (0.72; 95% CI, 0.

Impact of perioperative dexmedetomidine on recurrence and survival outcomes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: To investigate the association between perioperative dexmedetomidine (DEX) use and oncological outcomes-including locoregional recurrence (LRR) and distant metastasis (DM)-in patients undergoing curative surgery for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and included patients with stage I-IVB OCSCC who underwent curative surgery between 2007 and 2019. Patients were categorised by DEX exposure status and matched 1:1 using propensity score matching (PSM) based on key clinical and demographic variables.

Efficacy of a nasal mask oxygen kit versus regular nasal cannula in sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy: a multicentre, randomised clinical trial.

Objective: The incidence of hypoxia in painless gastrointestinal endoscopy is not negligible. A nasal mask oxygen kit may reduce the incidence of hypoxia compared with a regular nasal cannula.

Methods: This multi-centre, randomised, open-label clinical trial took place from 1 September 2022 to 6 June 2023 in three Chinese teaching hospitals.

Development and validation of a machine learning-based model for perioperative stroke prediction in noncardiac, nonvascular, and nonneurosurgical patients.

Introduction: Perioperative stroke is a rare but severe complication that significantly impacts postoperative recovery and survival. This study aimed to develop a machine learning-based predictive model for perioperative stroke risk in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular, and nonneurosurgical procedures.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic medical records from 106,328 patients at Henan Provincial People's Hospital, with data from 2,986 patients analyzed.

Pathomechanism of postoperative delirium: Systemic inflammatory response and neuroinflammation following anesthesia/surgery.

Postoperative delirium (POD) refers to a transient and acute brain dysfunction syndrome occurring within one week after surgery, predominantly between the 1st and 3rd days post-operation. It is characterized by fluctuations in mental state, with symptoms primarily involving disturbances in attention, altered levels of consciousness, and cognitive impairment. POD is a common postoperative complication in older patients, significantly increasing the incidence of long-term cognitive decline and mortality rates.

Real-world effectiveness of simnotrelvir-ritonavir versus nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in China: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aims to assess the comparative clinical effectiveness of the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors simnotrelvir-ritonavir and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in China.

Methods: The retrospective analysis of data from adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with either simnotrelvir-ritonavir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir as antiviral treatment strategies will be conducted to determine any differences in clinical outcomes between the two drugs.

Results: This study involved a total of 585 participants, with 264 in the simnotrelvir group and 321 in the nirmatrelvir group.

Nebulization with differently sized 2% lidocaine atomized particles in awake tracheal intubation by video laryngoscopy: a proof-of-concept randomized trial.

Background: Optimization of the individual topicalization technique during awake tracheal intubation (ATI) is critical, but how to accomplish this is still unknown. We hypothesized that there would be a difference between nebulization with different sizes of 2% lidocaine atomized particles in ATI by video laryngoscopy.

Methods: A total of 230 patients scheduled for ATI were recruited from September 2024 through January 2025.

You Never Walk Alone: A Generalizable and Nonparametric Structure Learning Framework.

The graph-structured learning (GSL) aims to assist graph neural networks (GNNs) to yield effective node embeddings for downstream tasks, especially in scenarios with the absence of structures or the existence of unreliable edges. Most GSL models are built on i.i.

Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota mediate mechanical hyperalgesia in surgical menopause model: a potential mechanism of DRG neuroinflammation.

The role of the intestinal microbiota in hyperalgesia in ovariectomized mice remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate pain behavior and dynamic changes in the intestinal microbiota and the levels of related metabolites in a model of surgical menopause and to verify the hypothesis that the intestinal microbiota mediates the occurrence and persistence of hyperalgesia through neuroinflammation. An ovariectomy (OVX) model was constructed to assess the intestinal microbiota composition, the levels of related metabolites, and inflammation levels in the spinal dorsal root ganglion (DRG).

From neurotoxicity to neuroprotection: Rethinking GABAR-targeting anesthetics.

The brain growth spurt (BGS) represents a pivotal window in neurodevelopment, defined by rapid neurogenesis, heightened synaptogenesis, and the dynamic establishment of neural networks. During this phase, heightened brain plasticity significantly enhances learning and memory abilities, while also increasing the brain's susceptibility to disruptions. Anesthetics, particularly those targeting γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABARs), interfere with GABAergic and glutamatergic systems, disrupt brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, and exacerbate neurotoxic effects.

Development with external validation of a prediction model for postoperative acute kidney injury following noncardiac surgery in elderly patients.

Study Objective: To develop and externally validate a risk prediction model for postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, addressing the current gap in predictive tools for this vulnerable population.

Design: A multicenter retrospective cohort study presented according to TRIPOD + AI statement.

Setting: Conducted in 21 tertiary hospitals across 11 provinces in China from January 2009 to April 2022.

SGLT2is Versus Metformin for Delirium Prevention in Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World, Head- to-Head Comparative Study.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) versus metformin in preventing delirium among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), using real-world data.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX global health research network, including 857,171 adults with T2D who initiated either an SGLT2i (n = 88,012) or metformin (n = 769,159) from 2005 to 2025. Propensity score matching (1:1) was used to balance covariates between groups.

HSK21542 in patients with postoperative pain: two phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials.

HSK21542, a peripherally restricted kappa opioid receptor agonist, was evaluated for efficacy and safety in patients with postoperative pain following abdominal surgery. This was assessed in two phase 3, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled trials (HSK21542-301 [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04738357] and HSK21542-303 [ClinicalTrials.

Metformin vs. second-line therapy for delirium prevention in type 2 diabetes: A multinational study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for neurocognitive impairment, with delirium predicting dementia. While metformin may offer neuroprotection, prior studies face selection bias. This study examines the association between metformin use and delirium risk compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i).

Sarcopenia and adverse surgical outcomes following cholecystectomy.

Purpose: Postoperative complications and mortality following cholecystectomy persist despite the procedural simplicity. We utilized a nationwide administrative database from Taiwan and conducted propensity score matching (PSM) to investigate the association between sarcopenia and major postoperative complications.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2016 to 2020.