Association of COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity with Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma.

Purpose: Observational studies have suggested a link between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and increased risk for primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). However, these studies may be influenced by bias. We explored the potential causal relationship between host susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity, and the risk for developing PACG.

Early Life Body Size Trajectory and the Risk of Primary Open-angle Glaucoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of permanent blindness. Although body mass index (BMI) has been proposed as a factor associated with POAG, existing findings are inconsistent. Systematic investigations into early life body size trajectories and their association with POAG remain limited.

Genetic prioritisation of candidate drug targets for glaucoma through multi-trait and multi-omics integration.

Background: Glaucoma causes permanent blindness. Current treatments have limited effectiveness, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. We aimed to identify potential drug targets for glaucoma by integrating multi-trait and multi-omic analyses.

Systematic Druggable-Proteome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets for Allergic Conjunctivitis.

Purpose: Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is a prevalent ocular inflammatory condition. In this study, we aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets for AC by integrating druggable proteomic analyses.

Methods: We sourced druggable protein abundance data from quantitative trait loci studies, including the deCODE Genetics Consortium (discovery) and UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (replication).

Cross-Tissue Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Genes Associated With POAG.

Purpose: Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous loci associated with POAG. However, functional insights remain limited owing to challenges from noncoding regions and complex linkage disequilibrium. We aimed to bridge these gaps in POAG by integrating genomic and multitissue transcriptomic data and identifying novel systemic regulatory genes.

Trends and projections of the burden of visual impairment in Asia: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the trends in the burden of visual impairment across Asia from 1990 to 2021 and to project the burden through 2040.

Methods: This population-based study used data from the latest Global Burden of Disease 2021 study. Prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) were the main outcomes.

Associations Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Frailty: Insights From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Mendelian Randomization.

Purpose: To elucidate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and frailty and investigate genetic correlations and causality.

Methods: We analyzed data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included 1003 individuals with diabetes. DR was evaluated via nonmydriatic retinal imaging, and frailty was measured using a 49-item frailty index.

Global Trends and Projections for Avoidable Visual Impairment among Working-Age Individuals: A Population-Based Study.

Purpose: Visual impairment (VI) in working-age individuals significantly impacts public health and the economy. However, the avoidable causes, defined as cataract and refraction disorders, have not been extensively investigated. This study aims to quantify global trends, inequalities, and projections for avoidable VI among this demographic.

Integrative multiomic analysis unveils the molecular nexus of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but its mechanisms and related molecular networks remain unclear. We explored the association between mitochondrial-related genes and AMD by integrating multiomic data. We acquired summary-level data on mitochondrial-related protein abundance, gene expression, and gene methylation from quantitative trait locus studies.

Quantifying the impact of disease severity changes on the burden of blindness: A global decomposition analysis.

Background: Despite the significant impact of blindness on the affected individuals' quality of life, its burden has not been assessed according to temporal cause-specific changes in severity, impeding our ability to evaluate the impact of blindness on population health accurately. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively quantify the changes in cause-specific blindness burden according to changes in disease severity for 18 causes of blindness.

Methods: For this cross-sectional population-based study, we derived data on prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and population size between 1990 and 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

Diffusion Models for Imperceptible and Transferable Adversarial Attack.

Many existing adversarial attacks generate -norm perturbations on image RGB space. Despite some achievements in transferability and attack success rate, the crafted adversarial examples are easily perceived by human eyes. Towards visual imperceptibility, some recent works explore unrestricted attacks without -norm constraints, yet lacking transferability of attacking black-box models.

Global, regional, and national burden of retinoblastoma in infants and young children: findings from the global burden of disease study 1990-2021.

Background: Retinoblastoma is considered a lethal but curable malignancy often presenting in childhood. We investigated its global, regional, and national burden among infants and young children from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: We obtained data on retinoblastoma incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021.

Relationships between Frailty and the Risk of Glaucoma in Middle-aged and Older Adults.

Purpose: Increased frailty in older individuals increases health risks, but its relationship with glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness in middle-aged and older adults, is unclear. We investigated the association between frailty and glaucoma in a large-scale representative sample and explored possible causal relationships.

Design: Combined cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Parameters and Their Associated Factors in Cynomolgus Macaques.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define the normal range of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer (mGCL), and macular inner plexiform layer (mIPL) thickness in cynomolgus macaques, and explore their inter-relationship and correlation with age, refractive errors, and axial length (AL).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we measured biometric and refractive parameters, and pRNFL/mGCL/mIPL thickness in 357 healthy cynomolgus macaques. Monkeys were divided into groups by age and spherical equivalent (SE).

Carrageenan-ferrocene-eicosapentaenoic acid composite hydrogel induce ferroptosis and apoptosis for anti-tumor recurrence and metastasis.

The immune-suppressive microenvironment of solid tumors is a key factor limiting the effectiveness of immunotherapy, which seriously threatens human life and health. Ferroptosis and apoptosis are key cell-death pathways implicated in cancers, which can synergistically activate tumor immune responses. Here, we developed a multifunctional composite hydrogel (CE-Fc-Gel) based on the self-assembly of poloxamer 407, cystamine-linked ιota-carrageenan (CA)-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and ferrocene (Fc).

Causal relationship between central corneal thickness and open-angle glaucoma: Evidence from Mendelian randomization.

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Previous observational studies have suggested a relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and glaucoma; however, the results are inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate whether CCT is associated with a risk for developing open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Quantitative assessment of colour fundus photography in hyperopia children based on artificial intelligence.

Objectives: This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate optic nerve head and retinal vascular parameters in children with hyperopia in relation to age and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) using artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis of colour fundus photographs (CFP).

Methods And Analysis: This cross-sectional study included 324 children with hyperopia aged 3-12 years. Participants were divided into low hyperopia (SER+0.

Temporal trends in the visual impairment burden attributable to high fasting plasma glucose levels: a population-based study.

Aims: Elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels have been associated with visual impairment. Recognising global patterns of high FPG level exposure can facilitate the prevention and treatment of related visual impairment. We aimed to assess the trends of the visual impairment burden attributable to high FPG levels globally, regionally, nationally, and by income level.

Metabolomics unveil key pathways underlying the synergistic activities of aztreonam and avibactam against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli.

Purpose: Aztreonam/avibactam is effective against serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria including Enterobacterales harboring metallo-β-lactamases. While the utility of this combination has been established in vitro and in clinical trials, the purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanism responsible for their activities through metabolomic profiling of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli clinical isolate.

Methods: Metabolomic analyses of time-dependent changes in endogenous bacterial metabolites in a clinical isolate of a multidrug-resistant E.

Senolytic and senomorphic agent procyanidin C1 alleviates structural and functional decline in the aged retina.

Increased cellular senescence burden contributes in part to age-related organ dysfunction and pathologies. In our study, using mouse models of natural aging, we observed structural and functional decline in the aged retina, which was accompanied by the accumulation of senescent cells and senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors. We further validated the senolytic and senomorphic properties of procyanidin C1 (PCC1) both in vitro and in vivo, the long-term treatment of which ameliorated age-related retinal impairment.

[Effects of Land Use Change on Soil Aggregate Stability and Soil Aggregate Organic Carbon in Karst Area of Southwest China].

Investigating the relationship of soil aggregate stability with the organic carbon in the aggregate and its response to land use change is conducive to the estimation of soil carbon sink potential, improvement of rocky desertification, and rational land use in karst areas of Southwest China. In order to explore the effects of land use change on the composition and stability of soil aggregate stability as well as the content of aggregate organic carbon, the soil (0-30 cm) of five land use types (secondary forest, pomelo forest, paddy field, pepper forest, and dry land) was selected as the research object. The characteristics and correlation of soil aggregate components and organic carbon under different land use patterns were obtained, and the contribution of soil aggregates to the change in organic carbon after land use change was calculated.

Quantitative Assessment of Fundus Tessellated Density in Highly Myopic Glaucoma Using Deep Learning.

Purpose: To characterize the fundus tessellated density (FTD) in highly myopic glaucoma (HMG) and high myopia (HM) for discovering early signs and diagnostic markers.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included hospital in-patients with HM (133 eyes) and HMG (73 eyes) with an axial length ≥26 mm at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Using deep learning, FTD was quantified as the average exposed choroid area per unit area on fundus photographs in the global, macular, and disc regions.

[Effect of Land Use on the Stability of Soil Organic Carbon in a Karst Region].

The composition of soil organic carbon and its stability mechanism are the key to understanding the terrestrial carbon sink capacity. The stability of soil organic carbon in a karst ecosystem greatly affects the soil carbon fixation capacity. In order to understand the impact of human activities on the stability of soil organic carbon in karst areas, the karst valley area of Zhongliang Mountain in Chongqing was selected as an example, and soil samples of four typical land use modes (mixed forest, bamboo forest, grassland, and cultivated land) were collected in layers to analyze the total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC).