Altered Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Functional Connectivity and Its Correlation with Retinal Thickness in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study.

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the predominant causes of irreversible blindness. Though the glaucomatous transneuronal degeneration pass through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the visual pathway, the functional changes associated with the LGN remains elusive. The current study aimed to investigate the seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) of the LGN and its correlation with retinal thickness in patients with POAG.

Levels of Zinc, Iron, and Copper in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Primary Glaucoma.

Background: This case-control study evaluated the concentrations of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with primary glaucoma, and their relationships with clinical factors.

Methods: This study enrolled 100 patients with primary glaucoma and categorized them into subtypes: acute angle-closure crisis (AACC), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). A total of 67 patients with senile cataract were enrolled as controls.

Genetic prioritisation of candidate drug targets for glaucoma through multi-trait and multi-omics integration.

Background: Glaucoma causes permanent blindness. Current treatments have limited effectiveness, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. We aimed to identify potential drug targets for glaucoma by integrating multi-trait and multi-omic analyses.

Cross-Tissue Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Genes Associated With POAG.

Purpose: Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous loci associated with POAG. However, functional insights remain limited owing to challenges from noncoding regions and complex linkage disequilibrium. We aimed to bridge these gaps in POAG by integrating genomic and multitissue transcriptomic data and identifying novel systemic regulatory genes.

TPEN loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles promote neuroprotection and optic nerve regeneration.

Development of novel therapeutics for retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) protection and axon regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases, for example, glaucoma, are critical challenges in clinical treatment. Utilization of N, N, N', N'-tetrakis-(2-Pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN), a specific chelator of Zn, revealed positive medical potentials. However, its therapeutic effect in promoting RGCs survival and axon regeneration is restricted due to the inefficient drug delivery and limited absorption.

Optic Nerve Morphology Influences Structure-Function Relationship in Early Glaucoma With and Without High Myopia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of optic nerve head (ONH) rotation and tilt on the structure-function (S-F) relationship differences between early open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with and without high myopia (HM).

Methods: A total of 164 eyes, including 69 early highly myopic glaucoma (HMG) eyes, 60 early OAG eyes, and 35 healthy HM eyes, were included. All the eyes underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, standard automated perimetry, and fundus photography simultaneously.

Glucose tolerance and insulin resistance/sensitivity associate with retinal layer characteristics: the LIFE-Adult-Study.

Aims/hypothesis: As the prevalence of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance is increasing throughout the world, diabetes-induced eye diseases are a global health burden. We aim to identify distinct optical bands which are closely related to insulin and glucose metabolism, using non-invasive, high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a large, population-based dataset.

Methods: The LIFE-Adult-Study randomly selected 10,000 participants from the population registry of Leipzig, Germany.

Normative Percentiles of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Glaucomatous Visual Field Loss.

Purpose: Circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) measurement aids in the clinical diagnosis of glaucoma. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) machines measure RNFLT and provide normative color-coded plots. In this retrospective study, we investigate whether normative percentiles of RNFLT (pRNFLT) from Spectralis SD-OCT improve prediction of glaucomatous visual field loss over raw RNFLT.

PyVisualFields: A Python Package for Visual Field Analysis.

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) methods are changing all areas of research and have a variety of capabilities of analysis in ophthalmology, specifically in visual fields (VFs) to detect or predict vision loss progression. Whereas most of the AI algorithms are implemented in Python language, which offers numerous open-source functions and algorithms, the majority of algorithms in VF analysis are offered in the R language. This paper introduces PyVisualFields, a developed package to address this gap and make available VF analysis in the Python language.

Assessing Surface Shapes of the Optic Nerve Head and Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Glaucoma with Artificial Intelligence.

Purpose: To assess 3-dimensional surface shape patterns of the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in glaucoma with unsupervised artificial intelligence (AI).

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: Patients with OCT scans obtained between 2016 and 2020 from Massachusetts Eye and Ear.

Race and Ethnicity Differences in Disease Severity and Visual Field Progression Among Glaucoma Patients.

Purpose: Investigate associations of race/ethnicity and preferred language with baseline glaucoma severity, VF test frequency and disease progression.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients receiving VF testing at a tertiary eyecare center between 1998 and 2020 with self-identified race, ethnicity and preferred language were included.

Demyelination of the Optic Nerve: An Underlying Factor in Glaucoma?

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by typical neuronal degeneration and axonal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Demyelination occurs when myelin or oligodendrocytes experience damage. Pathological changes in demyelination contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and worsen clinical symptoms during disease progression.

Association Between Diabetes, Diabetic Retinopathy, and Glaucoma.

Purpose Of Review: The strength of the relationship between diabetes, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma remains controversial. We review evidence supporting and refuting this association and explore mechanistic pathological and treatment relationships linking these diseases.

Recent Findings: While studies have shown diabetes/DR may increase the risk for glaucoma, this remains inconsistently demonstrated.

Development and Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms to Determine Visual Field Progression.

Purpose: To develop and test machine learning classifiers (MLCs) for determining visual field progression.

Methods: In total, 90,713 visual fields from 13,156 eyes were included. Six different progression algorithms (linear regression of mean deviation, linear regression of the visual field index, Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study algorithm, Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study algorithm, pointwise linear regression [PLR], and permutation of PLR) were applied to classify each eye as progressing or stable.

Age, Gender, and Laterality of Retinal Vascular Occlusion: A Retrospective Study from the IRIS® Registry.

Purpose: Retinal vascular occlusion is a leading cause of profound irreversible visual loss, but the understanding of the disease is insufficient. We systematically investigated the age, gender, and laterality at the onset of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in the Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS®) Registry.

Design: Retrospective registry cohort.