Interplay of genetic predisposition, plasma metabolome and Mediterranean diet in dementia risk and cognitive function.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD) have a substantial genetic basis, with APOE4 homozygotes increasingly recognized as a distinct genetic subtype. To identify genotype-specific metabolic pathways and modifiable risk factors, we integrated genetic, plasma metabolomic and dietary data from 4,215 women and 1,490 men in prospective cohorts. Here we show that the associations of 57 metabolites with dementia risk varied by APOE4 genotype or other AD/ADRD risk variants.

Prediagnostic Plasma Metabolomic Profiles Using NMR for Exfoliation Glaucoma Among US Health Professionals.

Background: Exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) represents a form of deleterious ocular aging of unclear etiology. We evaluated prediagnostic nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolites in relation to XFG risk, expanding on our prior findings of XFG-related metabotypes using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Methods: We identified 217 XFG cases and 217 matched controls nested within three prospective health professional cohorts with plasma collected a mean 11.

Female Reproductive Factors in Relation to Risk of Exfoliation Glaucoma or Glaucoma Suspect.

Purpose: Incidence studies have reported higher rates of exfoliation syndrome and glaucoma (XFG) in women, implicating female-specific factors. We evaluated associations between female reproductive factors and incident XFG.

Design: Prospective cohort study of 121 098 females in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1980-2018) and NHSII (1991-2019).

Circulating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control analysis of individual participant data from 12 prospective cohorts.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with numerous deleterious health outcomes including liver damage. However, whether exposure to PFAS is associated with liver cancer risk remains unclear.

Methods: We conducted a matched nested case-control study among 12 prospective cohort studies located in the United States.

Psychological Distress and Cognitive Function in Women: Exploring Potential Mediation by Use of Opiates, Sleep Aids, or Minor Tranquilizers.

Distress, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, is associated with lower cognitive function and higher use of medications, including sleep aids, opiate pain relievers, and minor tranquilizers. Whether use of these medications is linked to lower cognitive function, and whether such medication use might partially explain the relationship between distress and cognition remains unclear. Using data from 10,653 women in the Nurses' Health Study II, we assessed associations between distress and past-month medication use; medication use and cognitive function; and whether medication use mediates the distress-cognitive function relationship.

Pyruvate and related energetic metabolites modulate resilience against high genetic risk for glaucoma.

A glaucoma polygenic risk score (PRS) can effectively identify disease risk, but some individuals with high PRS do not develop glaucoma. Factors contributing to this resilience remain unclear. Using 4,658 glaucoma cases and 113,040 controls in a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank, we investigated whether plasma metabolites enhanced glaucoma prediction and if a metabolomic signature of resilience in high-genetic-risk individuals existed.

COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Exposures and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Women.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with risk factors for cognitive decline, such as bereavement and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: To examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic-related exposures are associated with cognitive function among middle-aged women.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study II, an ongoing study of registered nurses in the US.

Genetic Risk for Open-Angle Glaucoma Subtypes Is Associated with Specific Visual Field Defect Classes.

Purpose: We investigated visual field (VF) archetype-genotype associations for open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and its subtypes, high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study.

Participants: A total of 79 357 VF results from 11 572 patients with OAG at Massachusetts Eye and Ear (2012-2022) were used to identify VF archetypes.

Childhood or adolescent abuse and primary open-angle glaucoma in a longitudinal cohort of women.

Objective: To examine associations of childhood/adolescence abuse with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and POAG subtypes.

Methods: We included US female nurse participants from the Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2019). Participants (n = 59,712) were ≥40 years old, reported follow-up eye exams, had no glaucoma, and had early-life adverse experience data.

Translational genomics of osteoarthritis in 1,962,069 individuals.

Osteoarthritis is the third most rapidly growing health condition associated with disability, after dementia and diabetes. By 2050, the total number of patients with osteoarthritis is estimated to reach 1 billion worldwide. As no disease-modifying treatments exist for osteoarthritis, a better understanding of disease aetiopathology is urgently needed.

Machine Learning on Prediagnostic Metabolite Data Identifies Etiologic Endotypes of Exfoliation Glaucoma in United States Health Professionals.

Purpose: Exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) etiology is poorly understood. Metabolomics-based etiologic endotypes of XFG may provide novel etiologic insights. We aimed to use unsupervised machine learning on prediagnostic plasma metabolites to characterize etiologic XFG endotypes.

Detecting risk for depression and anxiety symptoms among older bereaved women using text-based analysis in the Nurses' Health Study II.

We analyzed free-text narratives about recent bereavement experiences from 1,997 women aged 55-73 years (M = 65.9, SD = 4.4) enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study II to identify associations between text characteristics and post-bereavement mental health.

Psychological resilience to trauma and longitudinal sleep outcomes among current and former nurses.

Objective: A life-disrupting stressor (e.g. pandemic) may cause or exacerbate poor sleep health; resilience may offset impacts.

Does Age Modify the Relation Between Genetic Predisposition to Glaucoma and Various Glaucoma Traits in the UK Biobank?

Purpose: Glaucoma polygenic risk scores could guide glaucoma public health screening initiatives. We investigated how age influences the relationship between a multitrait glaucoma polygenic risk score (mtGPRS) and primary open-angle glaucoma indicators, including intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal structure, and glaucoma prevalence.

Methods: We analyzed UK Biobank participants with demographic and genetic data, assessing IOP (n = 118,153), macular retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mRNFL; n = 42,132), macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer thickness (mGCIPL; n = 42,042), and prevalent glaucoma status (8982 cases among 192,283 participants).

Pyruvate and Related Energetic Metabolites Modulate Resilience Against High Genetic Risk for Glaucoma.

A glaucoma polygenic risk score (PRS) can effectively identify disease risk, but some individuals with high PRS do not develop glaucoma. Factors contributing to this resilience remain unclear. Using 4,658 glaucoma cases and 113,040 controls in a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank, we investigated whether plasma metabolites enhanced glaucoma prediction and if a metabolomic signature of resilience in high-genetic-risk individuals existed.

Effects of epidural dexmedetomidine on patient-controlled epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of adding epidural dexmedetomidine to low-concentration patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on pain control and side effects in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: In this double-blind study, American Society of Anesthesiologists I to II patients undergoing TKA were assigned to receive 0.125% bupivacaine + fentanyl 4 µg/mL (group R) or 0.

Leveraging regulatory fit to enhance engagement: a public-sector study in South Korea.

This study extends the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model by incorporating regulatory focus (promotion vs. prevention) as a moderator, examining its impact on job engagement among public sector employees ( = 306). The results show that employees with a promotion focus are more likely to experience increased engagement when facing challenge stressors, as they perceive such stressors as growth opportunities.

Long-Term Intake of Red Meat in Relation to Dementia Risk and Cognitive Function in US Adults.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies have shown inconsistent associations between red meat intake and cognitive health. Our objective was to examine the association between red meat intake and multiple cognitive outcomes.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we included participants free of dementia at baseline from 2 nationwide cohort studies in the United States: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS).

Comparative analysis of the oncologic outcomes and risk factors for open conversion in laparoscopic surgery for non-metastatic colorectal cancer: A retrospective multicenter study.

Purpose: Laparoscopic colon surgery is now commonly used for colorectal cancer (CRC) resection. The objective of this study was to compare the oncologic outcomes between open conversion and laparoscopic surgery, and to identify risk factors for open conversion.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent curative resection for stage 0-III CRC at five Hallym University-affiliated hospitals between January 2011 and June 2021.

No association of posttraumatic stress disorder with epigenetic aging in women at mid-life: A longitudinal cohort study.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with mortality and increased risk of diseases of aging, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We examine associations of PTSD with one potential pathway, accelerated epigenetic aging. In a longitudinal cohort of trauma-exposed middle-aged women (n = 831, n observations = 1,516), we examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between PTSD, with and without comorbid depression, and epigenetic aging measured by six clocks at two time points approximately 13.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Multicenter Study in South Korea.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced various aspects of colorectal cancer (CRC) patient care, including diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. This study assesses the pandemic's impact on CRC patients.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records for CRC patients who underwent surgery at five hospitals affiliated with Hallym University from January 2017 to December 2022.

Association between childhood abuse and risk of post-COVID-19 conditions: Results from three large prospective cohort studies.

Background: Significant early life adversities, such as childhood sexual and physical/emotional abuse, are associated with risk of poor health outcomes but are understudied risk factors for post-COVID-19 conditions. In this prospective study, we examined the associations between combined exposure to sexual and physical/emotional abuse during childhood with risk of post-COVID-19 conditions in adulthood. Additionally, we explored the extent to which lifestyle, health-related and psychological factors explain this association.

The Clinical Usefulness of a Glaucoma Polygenic Risk Score in 4 Population-Based European Ancestry Cohorts.

Purpose: We used a polygenic risk score (PRS) to identify high-risk groups for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) within population-based cohorts.

Design: Secondary analysis of 4 prospective population-based studies.

Participants: We included four European-ancestry cohorts: the United States-based Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study 2, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and the Rotterdam Study (RS) in The Netherlands.