Disrupting mitochondrial dynamics attenuates ferroptosis and chemotoxicity via upregulating NRF2-mediated FSP1 expression.

Ferroptosis is a regulated necrosis driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Mitochondria play vital roles in ferroptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics is critical for the health of mitochondria and cells.

Screening of essential oils with acaricidal activity against the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and analysis of active components.

Dermanyssus gallinae is a common ectoparasite in the laying hen industry, damaging chicken health by sucking blood. With mites developing acaricide resistance, there's an urgent need for alternatives. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of 34 essential oils (EOs) on D.

Advances in engineered organoid models of skin for biomedical research.

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of organoids, which offer promising opportunities for developmental and translational research. With advances in cell biology and bioengineering techniques, skin models are evolving from conventional multilayered structures to appendage-bearing spheroids or 3D biomimetic models. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of organoid models of the skin, covering topics such as skin development, construction strategies and key elements, types of organoid models, biomedical applications, and challenges.

A Synthetic Hydrogel with Tunable Stiffness for Engineering Pancreatic Cancer Organoids and Drug Testing.

Pancreatic cancer organoids (PCOs) have gained extensive attention as promising in vitro models that can advance our understanding of translational cancer biology and biomedical research. To date, PCOs are mostly cultured in animal-derived matrices, which are limited by their low similarity with native tumors due to batch-to-batch variations, stringent operating conditions, and uncontrollable physicochemical properties. Here, we developed a more controllable hydrogel matrix comprising sodium alginate (NaA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) that can mimic the mechanical properties of native tumor tissue, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) components and stiffness.

Microengineering the synovial membrane microenvironment for osteoarthritis research.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, synovitis, and cartilage matrix degradation. The synovial membrane plays a pivotal role in the progression of OA through low-grade inflammation and secretion of catabolic enzymes under altered mechanical homeostasis. While widely used to study OA pathogenesis and therapies, in vitro models (e.

MSC-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Intestinal Barrier Injury in an IBD-on-a-Chip.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, nonspecific inflammatory condition affecting the colon or gastrointestinal tract, with an unknown etiology. Given the unclear pathogenesis, the development of preclinical models becomes particularly crucial for reflecting its pathological features and supporting effective therapies. In this study, we developed a pumpless IBD-on-a-chip model that allows to replicate the key pathological changes of IBD, including intestinal barrier disruption, intestinal villus destruction, macrophage polarization, inflammatory response, and vascular endothelial detachment.

A dual encoder network with multiscale feature fusion and multiple pooling channel spatial attention for skin scar image segmentation.

Skin scar is a prevalent dermatological concern that impacts both aesthetic appearance and psychological well-being, making precise delineation of scar tissue essential for clinical treatment. To address the challenge of scar image segmentation, this study introduces an innovative deep learning framework integrating CNN and Swin Transformer architectures. The proposed model leverages a multi-scale feature fusion module to combine hierarchical representations from both backbones, while a novel multi-pooling channel-spatial attention mechanism enhances feature refinement during skip connections.

Energy transfer-induced enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production in a D-π-A cyanine dye-encapsulated pyrene-based metal-organic framework.

Photocatalytic hydrogen (H) production via water splitting offers a sustainable route to replace fossil fuels, yet inefficient charge separation in photocatalysts remains a critical bottleneck. Here, we present a novel strategy to overcome this challenge by encapsulating a donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) cationic dye pyridinium hemicyanine, 4-[p-(dimethylamino)styryl]-1-methylpyridinium (DMASM) into the anionic pyrene-based metal-organic framework (MOF) [BMI][In(TBAPy)] (1, HTBAPy = 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene; BMI = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) via ion exchange. The resulting host-guest system, DMASM@1, achieves a narrowed bandgap (1.

Potential role of Dermanyssus gallinae as a vector of chicken infectious Anemia Virus.

Dermanyssus gallinae is a major hematophagous ectoparasite in laying hens and acts as a vector of various pathogens. Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) infection induces immunosuppressive disease in chickens, and it has been detected in D. gallinae.

Radiation Exposure Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Injury via Mitochondria-Mediated Sterile Inflammation.

Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is caused by exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation and characterized by severe cognitive dysfunction and brain necrosis. However, the pathogenesis of RIBI is not fully understood, and no effective intervention is available. This work describes a blood-brain barrier (BBB) microphysiological system (MPS), that allowed to explore the responses of BBB and distinct brain cells to radiation exposure.

Modeling Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy in the Bioinspired Muscle Tissue on Chip.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is an autoimmune disease that characterized by non-purulent inflammation of the skeletal muscle. However, due to the limitation of study model that can recapitulate the complex pathological process of IIM, the pathogenesis of IIM is still not fully clear. This manuscript develops a vascularized muscle tissue model on a chip that allows to model the immunity mediated pathological changes in IIM.

An engineered human placental organoid microphysiological system in a vascular niche to model viral infection.

The placenta forms the maternal-fetal interface to protect the developing fetus from xenobiotics or pathogens. However, the understanding of complex placental features and responses to pathogens are hindered due to the lack of near-physiological models. Here, we present an engineered human placental organoid microphysiological system (MPS) incorporated with vascular endothelium, which allows to recapitulate early placental features in a vascular niche.

Organoid in droplet: Production of uniform pancreatic cancer organoids from single cells.

Cancer organoids have improved our understanding of recapitulating the histology, genotypes, and drug response of patient tumors for personalized medicine. However, the existing cancer organoids are typically grown in animal-derived matrices (e.g.

A microengineered 3D human neurovascular unit model to probe the neuropathogenesis of herpes simplex encephalitis.

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) caused by HSV-1 is the most common non-epidemic viral encephalitis, and the neuropathogenesis of HSE remains elusive. This work describes a 3D human neurovascular unit (NVU) model that allows to explore the neuropathogenesis of HSE in vitro. This model is established by co-culturing human microvascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia and neurons on a multi-compartment chip.

Herbal formula alleviates heat stress by improving physiological and biochemical attributes and modulating the rumen microbiome in dairy cows.

Heat stress significantly impacts dairy cow productivity, health, and welfare. This study evaluated a self-developed herbal formula as a dietary intervention to mitigate heat stress. A total of 198 lactating cows were divided into two groups: a Control group receiving standard total mixed rations and a Herbs group supplemented with herbal formula for 60 days.

Standard: human liver-on-a-chip.

Organs-on-chips are microphysiological systems designed to replicate key functions of human organs, thereby accelerating innovation in life sciences, such as disease modeling, drug development, and precision medicine. However, the lack of standardized definitions, structural designs, cell sources, model constructions, and functional validations has posed challenges to their widespread translational applications. On April 29, 2024, the Chinese Society of Biotechnology introduced "Organs-on-chips: Liver", China's first group standard for human liver-on-a-chip technology.

[Nafamostat Mesylate Alleviates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model Through HMGB1 Modulation: An Omics Analysis -Based Study of the Protective Effect and the Mechanisms Involved].

Objective: To investigate the organ protective role and the underlying mechanism of nafamostat mesylate (NM) in a renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) model.

Methods: A total of 21 healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups ( = 7 in each group), including the sham operation group (Sham group), the RIRI group, and the NM intervention group (NM group). The RIRI and NM groups underwent ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) modeling.

Comparing adsorptive blood purification modalities for sepsis patients: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Purpose: Hemoadsorption is a promising therapeutic modality for sepsis, however, the most effective approach is unknown. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of different adsorptive blood purification (ABP) modalities in patients with sepsis.

Materials And Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the clinical efficacy of ABP modalities in patients with sepsis were retrieved from English databases from inception up to October 14, 2024.

Astrocyte-Derived Interleukin 11 Modulates Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk via Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe and frequent septic complication, characterized by neuronal damage as key pathological features. The astrocyte-microglia crosstalk in the central nervous system (CNS) plays important roles in various neurological diseases. However, how astrocytes interact with microglia to regulate neuronal injury in SAE is poorly defined.

Ligand engineering boosts catalase-like activity of gold nanoclusters for cascade reactions combined with glucose oxidase in ZIF-8 matrix.

Background: Integrating natural enzymes and nanomaterials exhibiting tailored enzyme-like activities is an effective strategy for the application of cascade reactions. It is essential to develop a highly efficient and robust glucose oxidase-catalase (GOx-CAT) cascade system featuring controllable enzyme activity, a reliable supply of oxygen, and improved stability for glucose depletion in cancer starvation therapy. However, the ambiguous relationship between structure and performance, and the difficulty in controlling enzyme-mimic activity, significantly hinder their broader application.

Oncogenic RTKs sensitize cancer cells to ferroptosis via c-Myc mediated upregulation of ACSL4.

Alteration or abnormal activation of RTKs have been recurrently observed and recognized as an important driving factor in the progression of many human cancers. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis triggered by the accumulation of lethal lipid peroxides on cell membranes, has been implicated in various tumor types. Here we reported that oncogenic RTKs/RAS/RAF/c-Myc axis promotes cancer cells to ferroptosis.

Assessment of synergistic efficacy of carbaryl in combination with Cinnamomum cassia and Origanum vulgare essential oils against Dermanyssus gallinae.

The poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae, a prevalent ectoparasite in egg-laying poultry, severely compromises bird health and impedes the poultry industry's development. However, the escalating drug resistance due to sustained reliance on chemical acaricides highlights the urgent need for new mite management strategies. Therefore, plant essential oils (EOs), which exhibit natural acaricidal properties and environmental compatibility, represent promising candidates for developing eco-friendly acaricides.

Assessment of nanotoxicity in a human placenta-on-a-chip from trophoblast stem cells.

Maternal exposure to nanoparticles during gestation poses potential risks to fetal development. The placenta, serving as a vital interface for maternal-fetal interaction, plays a pivotal role in shielding the fetus from direct nanoparticle exposure. However, the impact of nanoparticles on placental function is still poorly understood, primarily due to the absence of proper human placental models.

Microfluidic-Assisted Pneumatic Droplet Generators Designed for Multiscenario Biomanufacturing with Favorable Biocompatibility and Extendibility.

Droplets, tiny liquid compartments, are increasingly emerging in the biomedical and biomanufacturing fields due to their unique properties to serve as templates or independent reaction units. Currently, the straightforward and efficient generation of various functional droplets in a biofriendly manner remains challenging. Herein, a novel microfluidic-assisted pneumatic strategy is described for the customizable and high-throughput production of monodispersed droplets, and the droplet size can be precisely controlled via a simplified gas pressure regulation module.