Ion-Mediated Self-Healing Strategy Enabling Efficient and Stable ETL-Free Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells without electron transport layers (ETL-free PSCs) have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their simplified fabrication process and low production costs. However, non-radiative recombination of charge carriers and band energy mismatch at the interface significantly limit device performance. Here, we propose an ion-mediated self-healing strategy introducing an indium sulfate (ln(SO)) functional layer at the buried interface of the perovskite.

Synthetic biology-inspired development of live attenuated influenza vaccines.

Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) provide robust, cross-protective immunity but have traditionally been developed empirically and are associated with safety concerns. Recent advances in rational design enable precise genetic modifications to enhance safety and immunogenicity. This review highlights key molecular strategies advancing next-generation LAIV development and their potential to accelerate the production of safer, more effective vaccines against seasonal and pandemic influenza.

Enhancing the Output Performance of Tubular Gas-Liquid Mixing Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Bulk Effect.

Gas-liquid two-phase flow-based triboelectric nanogenerators (GL-TENGs) have gained widespread attention due to their ability to convert the kinetic energy of complex flowing fluids into electrical power, but limitation such as relatively low output power density imposed by interfacial effects severely restrict their output performance. Here, a novel tubular bulk effect gas-liquid mixing triboelectric nanogenerator (TBE-GL-TENG) is designed to significantly enhance the output performance of GL-TENGs. The instantaneous output voltage, output current, and transferred charge of 1530 V, 112 µA, and 0.

Homotransplantation of Engineered Macrophages with Surface-Modified Nanomedicines for Mitigating Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Immune disorders are intimately involved in the pathological progression of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and exacerbate cardiac cell damage and mitochondria-related metabolic abnormalities. However, low-immunogenic therapeutic strategies targeting the compromised immune-metabolic microenvironment remain a major challenge. Here, we developed a syngenic reparative macrophage system for the selective delivery of nanoscale drugs by modifying liposomes loaded with nano-Pt/Se and c176 onto the surface of M2 macrophages (PS-c@M).

Insight into the Kinetic Analysis of Decomposition Reactions for Lepidolite Sulfation Products in the Presence of Coal.

The kinetics of decomposition reactions for lepidolite sulfation products in the presence of coal was investigated comprehensively. Thermal gravimetric analysis was conducted at heating rates of 5, 10, and 15 K/min. Two main weight loss intervals were observed, with the second interval significantly shifting forward upon coal addition, indicating the reduction in the decomposition temperature.

Advances in steroid purification for novel techniques in carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry of doping control.

Doping detection is a critical tool for maintaining fairness in competitive sports. Steroids are widely abused due to their ability to promote protein synthesis, enhance muscle growth, and improve athletic performance, leading to significant unfair competition. Carbon isotope ratios (CIRs) are effective in distinguishing between endogenous and exogenous steroid sources, making steroids an ideal target for isotope ratio analysis in anti-doping analysis.

Multichromatic Anti-Stokes Photon Upconversion through BNOSe Sensitization.

Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) has become an important sensing technique due to its ability to eliminate tissue autofluorescence interference. However, its quantitative application in oxygen sensing within complex systems remains fundamentally constrained. To overcome this limitation and explore synergistic anti-Stokes mechanisms, we developed a heavy-metal-free photosensitizer (BNOSe) via multiresonance architecture engineering.

Multiple active site additive-mediated suppression of Sn oxidation and regulation of crystallization for high-performance Sn-Pb mixed perovskite solar cells.

The oxidation of Sn and fast crystallization jointly limit the photovoltaic performances and stability of tin (Sn)-lead (Pb) mixed perovskite solar cells, but the mitigation of a single issue only obtains restricted enhancement of device performance. Herein, we introduce -hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide (NHC) as a multiple active site additive, the rich functional groups of which can interact with perovskite to form strong Lewis acid-base coordination and abundant hydrogen bonds, simultaneously suppressing Sn oxidation and regulating crystallization rate. The NHC-treated Sn-Pb mixed perovskite exhibited lower defect density, reduced non-radiative recombination, and improved carrier transport dynamics.

ALKBH5 Regulates Macrophage Senescence and Accelerates Atherosclerosis by Promoting CCL5 mA Modification.

Background: Senescent foamy macrophages are key drivers of atherosclerosis and plaque instability. N-methyladenosine (mA) modification of RNA plays an important role in the development of various diseases including aging. Here, we aim to investigate the role of mA modification of RNA in the formation of senescent foamy macrophages in atherosclerosis.

Competitive-Coordination-Induced Crystallization Regulation for Efficient and Stable Sn-Pb Perovskite Solar Cells.

The unbalanced crystallization rate between Sn- and Pb-based perovskites leads to their heterogeneous distribution and inferior quality of Sn-Pb perovskite films. The promising strategy of selective molecular interaction would balance the crystallization rate. However, the deeper selectivity mechanism needs to be considered, particularly in terms of the entire coordination reaction in the perovskite precursor solution.

Corn Silk Polysaccharides Before and After Selenization Reduced Calcium Oxalate Crystal-Induced HK-2 Cells Pyroptosis by Inhibiting the NLRP3-GSDMD Signaling Pathway.

Objective: Pyroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death associated with many inflammatory diseases. Polysaccharides have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated whether corn silk polysaccharides (DCSP) before and after selenization (Se-DCSP) can reduce the renal tubule pyroptosis induced by calcium oxalate crystals.

Comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted role of ITGAV in digestive system cancer progression and immune infiltration.

Background: Digestive system cancers are among the most common malignancies, exhibiting consistently high incidence and mortality rates, yet effective detection and treatment targets remain limited. Integrin αv (ITGAV, CD51) is a significant member of the integrin family, widely recognized for its role in mediating interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix, as well as intracellular signaling. In recent years, ITGAV has been found to have significantly elevated expression in multiple tumors, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, and osteosarcoma, and was considered to be a key component in various stages of tumor progression.

Detection of 4-CPA and Its Related Metabolites Based on LC-QE-HF-MS Technology: A Study on the Impact of Doping Test on the Intake Pathways of Chlorphenesin Carbamate and Chlorphenesin.

Objective: This study focused on meclofenoxate and its metabolite 4-CPA in the field of doping control and examined the urinary metabolism of chlorphenesin carbamate and chlorphenesin, two substances that may produce 4-CPA.

Methods: A liquid chromatography-Q Exactive-HF-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (LC-QE-HF-MS)-based assay was developed and validated for the accurate detection of the metabolites of 4-CPA, chlorphenesin carbamate, and chlorphenesin and verified by human subject investigations. Human subjects were studied for three different modes of ingestion (chlorphenesin carbamate administration, sunscreen application containing chlorphenesin, and sunscreen spray application), and urine samples were collected before and after the administration to study the excretion profile of metabolites such as 4-CPA.

Halogen-bond-mediated inhibition of ion migration for stable Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells.

The incorporation of perfluorooctane iodides into Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells significantly mitigates performance losses caused by ion migration and the internal field shielding effect, while simultaneously enhancing both device efficiency and stability.

Mapping the research trends and hotspots in vascular aging from 2003-2023: A bibliometric analysis.

From the molecular to the cellular to the tissue level, vascular aging is regulated by a complex network involving numerous mechanisms and diseases, and our knowledge of any one level is incomplete and biased. To date, due to the diversity and complexity of the influencing factors, no international standard has been established. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the global research trends and potential hotspots related to vascular aging.

Enhanced Electric Field Minimizing Quasi-Fermi Level Splitting Deficit for High-Performance Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells.

The quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) deficit caused by the non-radiative recombination at the interface of perovskite/electron transport layer (ETL) can lead to severe open-circuit voltage (V) loss and thus decreases the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), however, has received limited attention in inverted tin-lead PSCs. Herein, the strategy of constructing an extra-electric field is presented by introducing ferroelectric polymer dipoles (FPD)-β-poly(1,1-difluoroethylene)-to suppress the QFLS deficit. The directional polarization of FPD can enhance the built-in electric field (BEF) and thus promote the charge transfer at the perovskite/ETL interface, which effectively suppresses non-radiative recombination.

Field trial of stable radio frequency transfer system in 200 km metropolitan optical fiber link.

In this paper, we demonstrate stable radio frequency (RF) transfer via metropolitan optical fiber link in the Beijing area. The phase variation of the RF signal is compensated by a phase conjugation method incorporating two high-performance phase-locked loops. The wavelength conversion module extends the transmission length to 200 km with only two parallel 50 km dark optical fibers available.

Soft Crawling Microrobot Based on Flexible Optoelectronics Enabling Autonomous Phototaxis in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments.

Many organisms move directly toward light for prey hunting or navigation, which is called phototaxis. Mimicking this behavior in robots is crucially important in the energy industry and environmental exploration. However, the phototaxis robots with rigid bodies and sensors still face challenges in adapting to unstructured environments, and the soft phototaxis robots often have high requirements for light sources with limited locomotion performance.

A Nanocapsule System Combats Aging by Inhibiting Age-Related Angiogenesis Deficiency and Glucolipid Metabolism Disorders.

Insufficient angiogenic stimulation and dysregulated glycolipid metabolism in senescent vascular endothelial cells (VECs) constitute crucial features of vascular aging. Concomitantly, the generation of excess senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and active immune-inflammatory responses propagates within injured vessels, tissues, and organs. Until now, targeted therapies that efficiently rectify phenotypic abnormalities in senescent VECs have still been lacking.

Electrical Responsive Coating with a Multilayered TiO-SnO-RuO Heterostructure on Ti for Controlling Antibacterial Ability and Improving Osseointegration.

The bacterial infection and poor osseointegration of Ti implants could significantly compromise their applications in bone repair and replacement. Based on the carrier separation ability of the heterojunction and the redox reaction of pseudocapacitive metal oxides, we report an electrically responsive TiO-SnO-RuO coating with a multilayered heterostructure on a Ti implant. Owing to the band gap structure of the TiO-SnO-RuO coating, electron carriers are easily enriched at the coating surface, enabling a response to the endogenous electrical stimulation of the bone.

Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as a haematological marker of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis with normal acute phase reactant level.

Background: Although normal acute phase reactants (APRs) play an important role in assessing disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some studies pointed out the discordance between disease activity and APR level. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLRs), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios (PLRs) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratios (LMRs) have been reported to be sensitive measures of inflammatory reaction. This study aims to explore the value of these haematological makers in assessment of APR-negative RA patients.

Measuring Technical Efficiency and Productivity of Secondary Maternal and Child Health Hospitals in Hubei, China: Some Evidences from Hubei Province of China 2019 to 2021.

Environmental factors like COVID-19 can have significant impact on technical efficiency (TE) and total factor productivity (TFP) of health services provided. In this study, focusing on Maternal and Child Health (MCH) hospitals in Hubei Province of China in 2019 to 2021, we aimed to measure their TE and TFP, identify some influential environmental factors, and propose some policy recommendations. Altogether 62 secondary MCH hospitals were selected as the study sample.

Fast Bacterial Succession Associated with the Decomposition of Litter in Wudalianchi Volcano.

In order to understand the role of microorganisms in litter decomposition and the nutrient cycle in volcanic forest ecosystems, the dominant forest species in the volcanic lava plateau of the Wudalianchi volcano was considered as the research object. We analyzed the response of bacterial community structure and diversity to litter decomposition for 1 year, with an in situ decomposition experimental design using litter bags and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that after 365 days, the litter quality residual rate of was 77.