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Article Abstract
The oxidation of Sn and fast crystallization jointly limit the photovoltaic performances and stability of tin (Sn)-lead (Pb) mixed perovskite solar cells, but the mitigation of a single issue only obtains restricted enhancement of device performance. Herein, we introduce -hydroxythiophene-2-carboximidamide (NHC) as a multiple active site additive, the rich functional groups of which can interact with perovskite to form strong Lewis acid-base coordination and abundant hydrogen bonds, simultaneously suppressing Sn oxidation and regulating crystallization rate. The NHC-treated Sn-Pb mixed perovskite exhibited lower defect density, reduced non-radiative recombination, and improved carrier transport dynamics. As a result, the optimized device showed superior champion efficiency of 23.49% with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.882 V, as well as outstanding stability, maintaining 89% of its original value after 880 hours of continuous one-sun illumination.
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