Perception of viral infections and initiation of antiviral defence in rice.

Crop production faces persistent threats from insect-vector-borne viral diseases. Recent advancements have revealed the intricate immune mechanisms that plants deploy against viral pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms through which plant hosts recognize viral infections and initiate antiviral defence at disease onset have not been elucidated.

Symbiosis between Dendrobium catenatum protocorms and Serendipita indica involves the plant hypoxia response pathway.

Mycorrhizae are ubiquitous symbioses established between fungi and plant roots. Orchids, in particular, require compatible mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination and protocorm development. Unlike arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which have wide host ranges, orchid mycorrhizal fungi are often highly specific to their host orchids.

Proteasome Dysfunction Leads to Suppression of the Hypoxic Response Pathway in Arabidopsis.

Proteasome is a large proteolytic complex that consists of a 20S core particle (20SP) and 19S regulatory particle (19SP) in eukaryotes. The proteasome degrades most cellular proteins, thereby controlling many key processes, including gene expression and protein quality control. Proteasome dysfunction in plants leads to abnormal development and reduced adaptability to environmental stresses.

UBA domain protein SUF1 interacts with NatA-complex subunit NAA15 to regulate thermotolerance in Arabidopsis.

During recovery from heat stress, plants clear away the heat-stress-induced misfolded proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). In the UPS, the recognition of substrate proteins by E3 ligase can be regulated by the N-terminal acetyltransferase A (NatA) complex. Here, we determined that Arabidopsis STRESS-RELATED UBIQUITIN-ASSOCIATED-DOMAIN PROTEIN FACTOR 1 (SUF1) interacts with the NatA complex core subunit NAA15 and positively regulates NAA15.

High Ambient Temperature Regulated the Plant Systemic Response to the Beneficial Endophytic Fungus .

Most plants in nature establish symbiotic associations with endophytic fungi in soil. Beneficial endophytic fungi induce a systemic response in the aboveground parts of the host plant, thus promoting the growth and fitness of host plants. Meanwhile, temperature elevation from climate change widely affects global plant biodiversity as well as crop quality and yield.

Chromatin remodeling factors regulate environmental stress responses in plants.

Environmental stress from climate change and agricultural activity threatens global plant biodiversity as well as crop yield and quality. As sessile organisms, plants must maintain the integrity of their genomes and adjust gene expression to adapt to various environmental changes. In eukaryotes, nucleosomes are the basic unit of chromatin around which genomic DNA is packaged by condensation.

Histone H3K4 methyltransferases SDG25 and ATX1 maintain heat-stress gene expression during recovery in Arabidopsis.

Plants have short-term stress memory that enables them to maintain the expression state of a substantial subset of heat-inducible genes during stress recovery after heat stress. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling stress-responsive gene expression at the recovery stage in plants, however. In this article, we demonstrate that histone H3K4 methyltransferases SDG25 and ATX1 are required for heat-stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Two B-Box Domain Proteins, BBX18 and BBX23, Interact with ELF3 and Regulate Thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.

Plants coordinate their growth and developmental programs with various endogenous signals and environmental challenges. Phytochrome interacting factor 4 (PIF4) plays a critical positive role in thermoresponsive gene expression and hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis, whereas early flowering 3 (ELF3) negatively regulates the activity of PIF4 at elevated temperatures. However, it is unknown how ELF3 activity is regulated at warm temperatures.

The β5 subunit is essential for intact 26S proteasome assembly to specifically promote plant autotrophic growth under salt stress.

The ubiquitin 26S proteasome (26SP) system efficiently degrades many key regulators of plant development. 26SP consists of two subcomplexes: the catalytic 20S core particle (CP) and the 19S regulatory particle (RP). Previous studies have focused on 19S RP; whether there is a specific subunit in 20S CP that has a stress-related biological function in plants is unclear.

Chromatin remodeling factor CHR18 interacts with replication protein RPA1A to regulate the DNA replication stress response in Arabidopsis.

DNA replication is a fundamental process for the faithful transmission of genetic information in all living organisms. Many endogenous and environmental signals impede fork progression during DNA synthesis, which induces replication errors and DNA replication stress. Chromatin remodeling factors regulate nucleosome occupancy and the histone composition of the nucleosome in chromatin; however, whether chromatin remodeling factors are involved in the DNA replication stress response in plants is unknown.

Influence of microstructural features on thermal expansion coefficient in graphene/epoxy composites.

In this paper, theoretical calculations were conducted to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) based on the effective medium approach using Green's function method. The influences of microstructural features were investigated, including volume fraction, aspect ratio, and the orientation of graphene fillers. Calculated results demonstrated strong anisotropy of CTE when all graphene sheets in the composite were aligned in the in-plane direction due to the large difference between the elastic moduli of the graphene and epoxy.

[Comparison of the IL-27 level in gingival crevicular fluid of cross-quadrant and the upper and lower half-mouth subgingival scaling].

Purpose: To investigate the changes of IL-27 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) before and after treatment with different methods for chronic periodontitis.

Methods: Sixty patients with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis were selected as study group to divide into group A (cross-quadrant) and group B (upper and lower half-mouth) randomly. Another 30 healthy people were selected as group C.

The proteasome is responsible for caspase-3-like activity during xylem development.

Xylem development is a process of xylem cell terminal differentiation that includes initial cell division, cell expansion, secondary cell wall formation and programmed cell death (PCD). PCD in plants and apoptosis in animals share many common characteristics. Caspase-3, which displays Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD) specificity, is a crucial executioner during animal cells apoptosis.

Quantum key distribution based on phase encoding in long-distance communication fiber.

A robust two-way quantum key distribution system based on phase encoding is demonstrated in 50 km and 100 km commercial communication fiber. The system can automatically compensate for birefringence effects and remain stable over 23 h. A low quantum bit error rate and high visibility are obtained.