Ex vivo machine perfusion of extended criteria donor livers: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Background: Ex vivo liver perfusion offers benefits over static cold storage (SCS) for organ preservation, but specific advantages of different perfusion protocols require further evaluation.

Materials And Methods: Randomized controlled trials and matched studies conducted until December 2024 comparing ex vivo machine perfusion and SCS were evaluated. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of varying temperature settings, cannulation techniques, and perfusion duration in extended criteria donor (ECD) liver grafts.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide biosynthesis and the F-actin cytoskeleton regulate spindle assembly and oocyte maturation quality in post-ovulatory aged porcine oocytes.

Background: Post-ovulatory aging (POA) is associated with reduced fertilization rates and poor embryo quality both in vivo and in vitro. However, the relationship between nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the filamentous actin (F-actin) cytoskeleton in POA-induced oocytes remains unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which the NAD salvage pathways function in poor oocyte maturation upon POA through the F-actin cytoskeleton.

Clinical characteristics of the early responders in the treatment of chronic cough.

Background: Chronic cough (CC) is defined by cough more than 8 weeks. Common causes of CC are upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis (EB), and gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD). However, we do not know the characteristics of responding to treatment early.

Exploring the prognostic role of cluster of differentiation 47 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: a comparative cohort study.

Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a 5-year survival low of 2% in advanced cases. Despite being a fatal disease, there is a lack of a good predictor of prognosis which can aid in the management of patients. The tumor microenvironment of PDAC, including immune cells, plays a vital role in the progression and invasiveness of PDAC.

The efficacy of exosomes from human chemically derived hepatic progenitors in liver damage alleviation: a preclinical experimental study.

Purpose: Over the past decade, interest in exosomes as therapeutics has surged. In particular, stem-cell-derived exosomes may be more effective as a treatment for liver disease than the stem cells themselves. We have previously developed human chemically derived hepatic progenitors (hCdHs) from human hepatocytes.

CORRIGENDUM: Correction of the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (Fund/Grant Support). Epigenetic modulation inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition-driven fibrogenesis and enhances characteristics of chemically-derived hepatic progenitors.

[This corrects the article on p. 274 in vol. 106, PMID: 38725803.

Epigenetic modulation inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition-driven fibrogenesis and enhances characteristics of chemically-derived hepatic progenitors.

Purpose: One of the novel cell sources of cell-based liver regenerative medicine is human chemically-derived hepatic progenitors (hCdHs). We previously established this cell by direct hepatocyte reprogramming with a combination of small molecules (hepatocyte growth factor, A83-01, CHIR99021). However, there have been several issues concerning the cell's stability and maintenance, namely the occurrences of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that develop fibrotic phenotypes, resulting in the loss of hepatic progenitor characteristics.

Enhancing generation efficiency of liver organoids in a collagen scaffold using human chemically derived hepatic progenitors.

Backgrounds/aims: Liver organoids have emerged as a powerful tool for studying liver biology and disease and for developing new therapies and regenerative medicine approaches. For organoid culture, Matrigel, a type of extracellular matrix, is the most commonly used material. However, Matrigel cannot be used for clinical applications due to the presence of unknown proteins that can cause immune rejection, batch-to-batch variability, and angiogenesis.

Feasibility of Raman spectroscopic identification of gall bladder cancer using extracellular vesicles extracted from bile.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are heterogeneous membrane-based vesicles with bilayer cell membrane structures, could be versatile biomarkers for the identification of diverse diseases including cancers. With this potential, this study has attempted the Raman spectroscopic identification of gall bladder (GB) cancer by directly measuring the EV solution extracted from human bile without further sample drying. For this purpose, bile samples were obtained from four normal individuals and 21 GB polyp, eight hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and five GB cancer patients, and EVs were extracted from each of the bile samples.

Identification of gallbladder cancer by direct near-infrared measurement of deuterated chloroform-extracted organic phase from human bile.

A simple near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic scheme enabling direct measurement of organic phase extracted from human bile with no spectral interference from the extraction solvent was demonstrated for identification of gallbladder (GB) cancer. This scheme is used to recognize the different lipid contents in bile samples from GB cancer patients using NIR spectroscopy for disease identification. To this end, the extraction solvent should provide an absorption-free NIR region to observe peaks of related metabolite.

Therapeutic applications of gene editing in chronic liver diseases: an update.

Innovative genome editing techniques developed in recent decades have revolutionized the biomedical research field. Liver is the most favored target organ for genome editing owing to its ability to regenerate. The regenerative capacity of the liver enables ex vivo gene editing in which the mutated gene in hepatocytes isolated from the animal model of genetic disease is repaired.

Consensus subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with clinical outcomes and genomic phenotypes.

Background And Aims: Although many studies revealed transcriptomic subtypes of HCC, concordance of the subtypes are not fully examined. We aim to examine a consensus of transcriptomic subtypes and correlate them with clinical outcomes.

Approach And Results: By integrating 16 previously established genomic signatures for HCC subtypes, we identified five clinically and molecularly distinct consensus subtypes.

Trends in ESBLs and PABLs among enteric Salmonella isolates from children in Gwangju, Korea: 2014-2018.

Objectives: Non-typhoid Salmonella infection is a major agent of food-borne outbreaks as well as individual cases worldwide. However, few studies on drug-resistant Salmonella strains, especially those recovered from young children, are available. Therefore, we determined the prevalence and characteristics of cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella isolates in the south-west region of Korea over a five-year period.

Production of Membrane Vesicles in Cultured with or without Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotics and Their Innate Immune Responses In Vitro.

Listeriosis is a food-borne illness caused by . Ampicillin (AMP) alone or in combination with gentamicin (GEN) is the first-line treatment option. Membrane vesicle (MV) production in under antibiotic stress conditions and pathologic roles of these MVs in hosts have not been reported yet.

Pathological predictive factors for late recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease.

Background & Aims: Late recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is regarded as de novo HCC from chronic hepatitis. This study investigated clinicopathological and molecular factors to develop a nomogram for predicting late HCC recurrence (>2 years after curative resection).

Methods: The training and validation cohorts included HCC patients with a major aetiology of hepatitis B who underwent curative resection.

Low Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

AT-rich interactive domain 1A () is one of the most frequently mutated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its clinical significance is not clarified. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of low expression in HCC. By analyzing the gene expression data of liver from -knockout mice, hepatic -specific gene expression signature was identified ( < 0.

Targeting the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase PJA1 Enhances Tumor-Suppressing TGFβ Signaling.

RING-finger E3 ligases are instrumental in the regulation of inflammatory cascades, apoptosis, and cancer. However, their roles are relatively unknown in TGFβ/SMAD signaling. SMAD3 and its adaptors, such as β2SP, are important mediators of TGFβ signaling and regulate gene expression to suppress stem cell-like phenotypes in diverse cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif suppresses the expression of steroidogenic enzymes by nuclear receptor 4 A1 in Leydig cells.

Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) plays crucial role in maintaining testicular structure and function via regulation of senescence of spermatogenic cells. However, it remains unclear whether TAZ is involved in testosterone biosynthesis in testicular Leydig cells. We found that TAZ deficiency caused aberrant Leydig cell expansion and increased lipid droplet formation, which was significantly associated with increased lipogenic enzyme expression.

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 down-regulates the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase AXL in pancreatic cancer.

The oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is overexpressed in cancer and plays an important role in carcinomas of multiple organs. However, the mechanisms of AXL overexpression in cancer remain unclear. In this study, using HEK293T, Panc-1, and Panc-28 cells and samples of human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), along with several biochemical approaches and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses, we sought to investigate the mechanisms that regulate AXL over-expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Identification of prognostic biomarker in predicting hepatocarcinogenesis from cirrhotic liver using protein and gene signatures.

Introduction: Cirrhosis primes the liver for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, biomarkers that predict HCC in cirrhosis patients are lacking. Thus, we aimed to identify a biomarker directly from protein analysis and relate it with transcriptomic data to validate in larger cohorts.

The Virome of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Viruses Where We Once Thought There Were None.

Traditionally, medicine has held that some human body sites are sterile and that the introduction of microbes to these sites results in infections. This paradigm shifted significantly with the discovery of the human microbiome and acceptance of these commensal microbes living across the body. However, the central nervous system (CNS) is still believed by many to be sterile in healthy people.