Insights into Persian Gulf Beach Sand Mycobiomes: Promises and Challenges in Fungal Diversity.

Beach Sand Mycobiome is currently among the most important health challenges for viticulture in the world. Remarkably, the study of fungal communities in coastal beach sand and recreational waters remains underexplored despite their potential implications for human health. This research aimed to assess the prevalence of fungal species and the antifungal susceptibility profiles of fungi recovered from the beaches of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman.

Co-Infection of and in Patients with Respiratory Disorders in Northeastern Iran.

Background: Respiratory infections caused by and are significant threats, especially to immunocompromised patients. Both pathogens are associated with severe pneumonia and are often underdiagnosed due to the challenges in identifying them accurately, particularly in co-infections. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical impact of co-infections with and in patients with respiratory symptoms.

Challenges and Opportunities in the Application of CRISPR-Cas9: A Review on Genomic Editing and Therapeutic Potentials.

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) constitute a revolutionary gene-editing technology, allowing precise DNA modifications with vast potential for disease treatment and the creation of genetically modified organisms. This system consists of various components designed to target specific genes, requiring efficient nuclear access within target cells through diverse delivery methods, including physical techniques and carrier-based approaches. Despite its transformative promise, CRISPR faces several challenges, including efficient cellular delivery, off-target effects, immune responses, optimizing editing efficiency, and ethical concerns.

Molecular epidemiology, diversity, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of clinical and environmental mucorales: a five-year multicenter study in Iran (2018-2023).

Purpose: The incidence of Mucormycosis has increased during the last decades globally due to more patients being at risk for these life-threatening infections. Early diagnosis and proper selection of appropriate antifungal therapy are vital in enhancing patient outcomes. Mucorales species present a significant challenge due to their resistance to many drugs, so investigations for new therapies and strategies must be undertaken.

Investigating the susceptibility profiles and in vitro combinations of caspofungin, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, clotrimazole, and amphotericin B against clinical isolates causing fungal keratitis.

Fungal keratitis is a global cause of blindness, highlighting the need to assess antifungal treatment efficacy before clinical use. This study evaluates the synergistic and antagonistic effects of antifungal agents on fungal keratitis isolates. Susceptibility testing of 35 corneal isolates including Aspergillus spp.

Unusual Presentation of a Rare Disease: A Case Report of Fungal Necrotizing Otitis Media and Mastoiditis.

Acute necrotizing otitis media is a severe middle ear infection which causes necrosis of the tympanic cavity. A 54-year-old female was presented who suffered from diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease presenting with severe otalgia, initially thought to be necrotizing otitis externa. She rapidly progressed to total necrosis of the tympanic membrane.

Causative Agents of Fungal Keratitis in Northeastern Iran: A 3-Year Tertiary Care Hospital Study.

Infectious keratitis is a significant ocular disease that, if left untreated, can lead to blindness. Fungi are among the causative agents that can result in severe symptoms. Keratitis infections are prevalent globally, with a higher incidence reported in tropical and subtropical regions.

The first report of rhinosinusitis by Rhizopus delemar in a patient with severe COVID-19 in Iran: a case report.

Background: Mucormycosis is a severe and fatal fungal infection in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 caused by Mucorales. Here we present a case of a 63-year-old man with coronavirus disease 2019 infection, along with rhinosinusitis mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus delemar.

Case Presentation: A 63-year-old Iranian man suffering from a coronavirus disease 2019 infection with symptoms of cough, shortness of breath, and generalized body pain.

Inhibitory effect of oil loaded to liposomal nanocarriers on isolates.

Background And Objectives: is the second most common species causing infectious diseases and can lead to biofilm resistance. This study aims to adjust and synthesize a liposomal compound of and evaluate its antifungal properties against isolates.

Materials And Methods: The liposomal formulation of was optimized through the utilization of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, and UV-visible spectrophotometry.

Epidemiology of Candidemia in Mashhad, Northeast Iran: A Prospective Multicenter Study (2019-2021).

Candidemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in health care settings, and its epidemiology is changing. In the last two decades, the proportion of non- (NAC) yeasts in candidemia has increased. These yeasts more often display resistance to common antifungals.

Inappropriate treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus flavus in susceptible pediatric patients: a case series.

Background: Pulmonary aspergillosis is a prevalent opportunistic fungal infection that can lead to mortality in pediatric patients with underlying immunosuppression. Appropriate and timely treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis can play a crucial role in reducing mortality among children admitted with suspected infections.

Case Presentation: The present study reports three cases of inappropriate treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus flavus in two Iranian pediatric patients under investigation and one Afghan patient.

Molecular Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile in Nakaseomyces glabrata Species Complex: A 5-Year Countrywide Study.

Background: The current study aimed to identify Iranian Nakaseomyces (Candida) glabrata complex species in the clinical isolates and determine their antifungal susceptibility profile.

Methods: In total, 320 N. glabrata clinical isolates were collected from patients hospitalized in different geographical regions of Iran.

COVID-19 associated candidemia: From a shift in fungal epidemiology to a rise in azole drug resistance.

Our understanding of fungal epidemiology and the burden of antifungal drug resistance in COVID-19-associated candidemia (CAC) patients is limited. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective multicenter study in Iran to explore clinical and microbiological profiles of CAC patients. Yeast isolated from blood, were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) using the broth microdilution method M27-A3 protocol.

Hematological Indices in COVID-19 Patients with Rhinosinusitis Mucormycosis.

Introduction: Rhinosinusitis mucormycosis (RM) is an invasive opportunistic fungal infection, especially among COVID-19 patients. The current study aimed to assess the peripheral blood hematological disorders of COVID-19 patients-associated RM.

Materials And Methods: During ten month, in two COVID-19 centers in Mashhad, Iran, from June 2021 to March 2022, eighty-three patients suspected of COVID-19 with rhinosinusitis or rhino-orbital mucormycosis participated in this study.

Antifungal activity of three different varieties of Capsicum annuum against clinical isolates of Candida species.

Objective: Acquired resistance to antifungal agents is rising among Candida species. Herbal extracts including Capsicum annum extracts have biological profits, which can be employed to overcome drug resistance in fungal species. The present study investigated the efficacy of different varieties of C.

The effect of synbiotic adjunct therapy on clinical and paraclinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Therapeutic approaches with immune-modulatory effects such as probiotics and prebiotics adjuvant therapy may be essential to combat against COVID-19 pandemic. The present trial aimed to reveal the efficacy of synbiotic supplementation on clinical and paraclinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The current randomized placebo-controlled trial enrolled 78 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection.

In vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of Iranian Fusarium isolates: Emphasising on the potent inhibitory effect of efinaconazole compared to other drugs.

Background: Fusarium species are opportunistic human pathogens that remarkably cause fungal infections ranging from superficial to fatal invasive disseminated infections. Fusarium species are notoriously resistant to the majority of antifungal agents.

Objectives: Therefore, detailed studies regarding in vitro susceptibility are required and may lead to a better prognosis of severe infections.

Five-year surveillance study of clinical and environmental Triazole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in Iran.

Background: Invasive aspergillosis is one of the most common fungal infections and azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAf) is a growing medical concern in high-risk patients. To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive epidemiological surveillance study on the prevalence and incidence of ARAf isolates available in Iran.

Objectives: The study aimed to report a five-year survey of triazole phenotypes and genotype patterns concerning the resistance in clinical and environmental A.

Molecular identification and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp., in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from immunocompetent patients with chronic respiratory disorders (CRD).

This study aimed to investigate the presence and genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp., in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of immunocompetent patients with chronic respiratory disorders (CRD). In this study, 211 BALF samples were collected from patients with CRD during the COVID-19 pandemic who were candidates for fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Mazandaran Province, northern Iran and investigated for Acanthamoeba spp.

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Miltefosine against a Collection of Azole and Echinocandins Resistant Strains.

species are filamentous fungi that cause a variety of infections in humans. Because they are commonly resistant to many antifungal drugs currently available in clinical settings, research into alternative targets in fungal cells and therapeutic approaches is required. The antifungal activity of miltefosine and four comparators, amphotericin B, voriconazole, itraconazole, and caspofungin, were tested in vitro against a collection of susceptible and resistant clinical ( = 68) and environmental ( = 42) isolates.

High incidence of azole resistance among and isolates in Northeastern Iran.

Background And Purpose: Resistance to antifungal drugs is increasing among isolates from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Lack of correct diagnosis of causing VVC and the experimental use of antifungal drugs are the main causes of this resistance. This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of antifungal drugs against species isolated from VVC in Northeastern Iran.

First report of emerged pulmonary lophomoniasis in two Afghanian medical tourists.

is a neglected and emerging protozoan that infects the lower and upper respiratory tracts of humans. Here, we present two cases of lophomoniasis from Afghanistan that include symptoms such as fever, cough, hemoptysis, and pleural effusion.