Insights into the structure, function, and impact of gene on azole resistance; a mini-review.

Background And Purpose: Candidiasis is a prevalent fungal infection caused by various species of , especially, . The emergence of resistance to azole medications, which are frequently prescribed for the treatment of infections, presents a significant challenge in the management of these infections.

Materials And Methods: The present mini-review summarizes findings from a comprehensive search of articles published between 1999 and 2024, retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.

Molecular epidemiology, diversity, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of clinical and environmental mucorales: a five-year multicenter study in Iran (2018-2023).

Purpose: The incidence of Mucormycosis has increased during the last decades globally due to more patients being at risk for these life-threatening infections. Early diagnosis and proper selection of appropriate antifungal therapy are vital in enhancing patient outcomes. Mucorales species present a significant challenge due to their resistance to many drugs, so investigations for new therapies and strategies must be undertaken.

Pathogenicity Evaluation on Fluconazole-Resistant Candida auris Clade V in Murine Model.

Background: Candida auris, a medically multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, has recently emerged as the primary one that poses a global public health threat. Although C. auris was first described in Japan, numerous cases of C.

Antifungal Efficacy of Luliconazole-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid-Carrier Gel in an Animal Model of Dermatophytosis.

terbinafine-resistant infections are emerging in healthy individuals. Luliconazole, an imidazole antifungal that is effective against skin infections, faces challenges due to low water solubility and poor skin penetration. This study aimed to formulate a luliconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid-carrier (NLC) gel in a Carbopol-based system to enhance drug absorption and efficacy in a guinea pig model of dermatophytosis.

Deciphering Fluconazole Resistance in Candida auris clade V: The Role of Efflux Pump Gene Expression and Ergosterol Pathway Mutations.

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant yeast pathogen that poses a serious global health threat. In particular, fluconazole resistance is common in C. auris, posing challenges for treating invasive infections.

A Novel Niosomal Gel for Topical Delivery of Miltefosine Against Trichophyton indotineae Dermatophytosis in Animal Model.

Introduction: Dermatophytosis, a cutaneous fungal infection worldwide, is generally localised to the skin's superficial layers and keratinised structures. Although most agents are susceptible to current antifungal drugs available in clinical settings, frequent relapses and failures, especially in cases due to Trichophyton indotineae, have been frequently reported. Therefore, alternative targets and therapeutic approaches are highly required.

Luliconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier: formulation, characterization, and in vitro antifungal evaluation against a panel of resistant fungal strains.

Luliconazole (LCZ) is a topical imidazole antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity. However, LCZ encounters challenges such as low aqueous solubility, skin retention, and penetration, which reduce its dermal bioavailability and hinder its efficacy in drug delivery. The aim of the present study was to formulate, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro antifungal efficacy of luliconazole-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (LCZ-NLCs) against a panel of resistant fungal strains.

Investigating the effectiveness of atorvastatin mouthwash on denture stomatitis: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial.

Statement Of Problem: Denture stomatitis (DS) is a common oral disorder in patients with complete maxillary dentures. Typical treatments such as nystatin or azoles lead to drug resistance after a long period. Several studies have shown the antifungal activity of statins against Candida albicans; however, studies on the antifungal effect of atorvastatin against DS are lacking.

In vitro activity of nanoliposomal amphotericin B against terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae isolates.

Background: The emergence of resistance in dermatophytes underscores the necessity for developing novel and alternative treatment options.

Methods: The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of nanoliposomal amphotericin B against a large panel of terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae isolates. In vitro susceptibility testing of nanoliposomal amphotericin B and comparators against 50 clinical isolates of terbinafine-resistant T.

In vitro and silico activity of piperlongumine against azole-susceptible/resistant Aspergillus fumigatus and terbinafine-susceptible/resistant Trichophyton species.

In recent years, the widespread emergence of drug resistance in yeasts and filamentous fungi to existing antifungal armamentariums has become a severe threat to global health. There is also concern regarding increased rates of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus and Terbinafine resistance in Trichophyton species. To overcome this concern of resistance to regular therapies, new antifungal drugs with novel and effective mechanisms are crucially needed.

Metabolic Patterns of Fluconazole Resistant and Susceptible Clade V and I.

, an emerging non- multidrug-resistant yeast, has become a significant cause of invasive candidiasis in healthcare settings. So far, data on the metabolites of in different clades are minimal, and no studies have focused on clade V metabolites. Therefore, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the metabolomic profiling of clade I compared with fluconazole-resistant and susceptible in clade V strains.

An Unusual High Prevalence of Cryptococcus (Naganishia) diffluens Colonization in Neonates Hospitalized in a Referral Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Although the Candida species continue to be the most frequent colonizer of neonatal skin, a clear increase of colonization due to rare yeast-like fungi has been reported. In this study, we report an unusual high prevalence of Cryptococcus diffluens colonization in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a 1-month period.

Methods: From January 2020 to June 2021, the study included all neonates who were admitted to the NICU of Bu Ali Sina Hospital at least 28 days old.

Asymptomatic colonization of stray dogs and domestic cats with Trichophyton mentagrophytes II in Northern Iran.

Background: Despite changes in the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections, the incidence of fungal infections associated with Trichophyton species still remains high among dogs and cats. The objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize dermatophytes from dogs and cats in Iran.

Method: From December 2022 to May 2023, skin and hair samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic cats and dogs in Mazandaran, a northern province of Iran.

Clinic-mycological spectrum of infection in diabetic foot ulcers in a tertiary care hospital.

Background And Purpose: In diabetic foot ulcers, if fungal agents, such as species penetrate the cutaneous or depth of the ulcer, it can increase the wound severity and make it more difficult to heal.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 100 diabetic patients with a foot ulcer from December 2019 to November 2020 in northern Iran. Patient data and wound grades were recorded in a questionnaire.

antifungal activity of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles using plant extracts and six comparators against clinical strains.

Background And Purpose: species are commonly resistant to many antifungal drugs. The limited therapeutic options available have led to a surge of research efforts aimed at discovering novel antifungal compounds in recent decades. This study aimed to assess the antifungal activity of plant-based biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) and six comparators against a set of clinical strains.

Molecular Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile in Nakaseomyces glabrata Species Complex: A 5-Year Countrywide Study.

Background: The current study aimed to identify Iranian Nakaseomyces (Candida) glabrata complex species in the clinical isolates and determine their antifungal susceptibility profile.

Methods: In total, 320 N. glabrata clinical isolates were collected from patients hospitalized in different geographical regions of Iran.

The Gene in : Structure, Function, and Role in Azole Resistance: A Mini-Review.

Candidiasis is a common fungal infection caused by species, with being the most prevalent. Resistance to azole drugs, commonly used to treat infections, poses a significant challenge. Transcriptional activator candidate 1 () gene has emerged as a key player in regulating drug resistance in .

Multi-drug resistance Trichophyton indotineae in a stray dog.

A 2.5-year-old stray dog showed signs of hair loss, mild skin crusting, and redness on extremities and trunk. The etiologic agent was confirmed as Trichophyton indotineae by sequencing of ITS region.

Central nervous system Aspergillus quadrilineatus infection in a COVID-19 patient, a case report and literature review.

Background: Viral pneumonia such as COVID-19-associated aspergillosis could increase susceptibility to fungal super-infections in critically ill patients.

Methods: Here we report a pediatric case of Aspergillus quadrilineatus cerebral infection in a recently diagnosed COVID-19-positive patient underlying acute lymphocytic leukemia. Morphological, molecular methods, and sequencing were used to identify this emerging species.

Indoor environment assessment of special wards of educational hospitals for the detection of fungal contamination sources: A multi-center study (2019-2021).

Background And Purpose: The hospital environment was reported as a real habitat for different microorganisms, especially mold fungi. On the other hand, these opportunistic fungi were considered hospital-acquired mold infections in patients with weak immune status. Therefore, this multi-center study aimed to evaluate 23 hospitals in 18 provinces of Iran for fungal contamination sources.

A new record of isolated from paddy field soil in Iran: Phylogeny and antifungal susceptibility profiles.

Background And Purpose: species are ubiquitous environmental fungi, which are considered emerging agents that trigger disease in humans and animals. The present study aimed to determine strain isolated from paddy field soil samples using semi-selective media and evaluate its antifungal susceptibility profile.

Materials And Methods: Three paddy field soil samples were collected during an investigation for the isolation of species in Mazandaran province, Iran.

Azole-Containing Agar Plates and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing for the Detection of Azole-Resistant Species in Hospital Environmental Samples.

The indoor environment of hospitals should be considered as an important reservoir of azole resistant species. In this study, we evaluated azole-containing agar plates (ACAPs) and antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) for the detection of azole-resistant species in hospital environmental samples. Between September 2021 and January 2022, environmental samples (108 instruments and 12 air) were collected from different wards of 4 educational hospitals in Mazandaran province, Iran.