First report of Leishmania RNA virus 2 and its high genetic diversity in cutaneous leishmaniasis cases from Ilam Province, Iran.

Introduction: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease caused by a protozoan parasite and considered a public health challenge in many countries, including Iran. Recent research has focused on the role of Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) in the pathogenesis of cutaneous and mucosal forms of leishmaniasis. This study assessed the presence of LRV2 and its genotype diversity among isolates in Ilam province, western Iran, an old focus of Zoonotic CL.

Multi-venous thrombosis associated with a perforated hydatid cyst: A rare case report and comprehensive literature review.

Background: Hydatid cyst disease (HCD), caused by the larvae of (), can lead to rare vascular complications. This case report details the diagnosis and management of a patient with a hepatic hydatid cyst complicated by extensive multi-venous thrombosis.

Case Presentation: A 61-year-old male stockbreeder presented with abdominal pain localized in the hypogastric region, exacerbated by food intake.

Coexistence of Tuberculosis and Lophomoniasis in a Patient With Alzheimer's Disease.

The coexistence of lophomoniasis and tuberculosis (TB), both airborne diseases, is relatively uncommon. Co-infections like these can complicate treatment strategies due to overlapping symptoms and potential drug interactions. We report a rare case of comorbidity involving two pulmonary diseases, lophomoniasis and TB, in an 82-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease (AD) from northern Iran.

Pneumothorax due to perforated pulmonary hydatic cyst with bronchial fistula.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by , with a high prevalence in Iran, particularly in Mazandaran province. This case report presents a 24-year-old male with pneumothorax resulting from ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts with bronchial fistulization. The patient presented with persisted dyspnea, productive cough, fever, and mild right thoracoabdominal pleuritic pain, alongside a history of occupational exposure as a sheep keeper.

Persistent trichomoniasis in a man in his early 90s with a history of prostatic hyperplasia: A case report.

The protozoan is a parasite associated with numerous sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In males, although infection (also known as trichomoniasis) often remains asymptomatic, it can lead to conditions such as prostatitis or urethritis. Herein, we report the case of a man in his early 90s who was admitted to a hospital in northern Iran with mild dysuria, whose precise onset remained unclear.

Applications of the powerful next-generation sequencing tool for detecting parasitic infections: towards a smart laboratory platform.

Parasitic infections are a group of infectious diseases that are mainly caused by helminths and protozoa. Recently, emerging diagnostic techniques have been developed to not only elevate the chance of parasite detection but also increase the accurate diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are highlighted among different genomic-based methods due to their wide-spectrum application.

Development and Validation of In-House Conventional and Multiplex PCR Methods for the Detection and Identification of Lophomonas spp.: An Innovative Approach.

Background: Pulmonary lophomoniasis is an emerging disease caused by the protozoan pathogen Lophomonas spp. Recently, a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has been developed. However, its sensitivity and specificity remain to be fully established.

Latent Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors among patients with chronic kidney disease: a registry-based study.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are susceptible to acquiring opportunistic parasites due to acquired immunodeficiency caused by uremia. Therefore, the present case-control study attempted to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection and also associated risk factors among patients with CKD under hemodialysis and healthy controls who were registered at the Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis (INRCT) in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.

Transcriptional alterations of virulence factors in Leishmania major clinical isolates harboring Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2).

Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by an intracellular protozoan, Leishmania. Various factors, including host immunity and the Leishmania species, influence the manifestation and severity of the disease. Recent investigations have shed light on the potentially significant role of Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) in the clinical prognosis of leishmaniasis.

The Potential Association Between Latent Infection and Opioid Abuse: A Registry-Based Sero-Molecular Case-Control Study.

is a ubiquitous parasitic protozoan that can cause neurological and psychiatric disorders, potentially impacting human emotional behavior. This study aimed to explore serological and molecular evidence of infection in opioid abusers in northern Iran. In this case-control study, opioid abusers who were referred to substance abuse rehabilitation centers in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, were enrolled.

Low occurrence of pulmonary lophomoniasis among cigarette smokers: An analysis of risk factors based on registry data.

Background And Objectives: Lophomonas blattarum is an emerging protozoan agent that mainly causes pulmonary lophomoniasis. Given that cigarette smokers are predisposed to various diseases while some conditions are less common among them, the current study aimed to compare the relationship between smoking status and the prevalence of pulmonary lophomoniasis in patients registered at the Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL). Additionally, we examined common risk factors associated with Lophomonas infection among these registered subjects.

Exploring the significant genetic diversity of Iranian isolates of Leishmania RNA virus 2 using whole genome sequence analysis.

Background: Our work presents the whole genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of five Leishmania RNA virus 2 (LRV2) isolates obtained from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Iran.

Methods: The whole genome sequencing of LRV2 was performed using a primer walking approach. The resulting sequences were analyzed for genetic and haplotype diversity, highlighting their independent evolution and significant genetic divergence.

Molecular detection of DNA in wild-caught sand flies, and spp. in northern Iran.

Leishmaniasis is currently considered a major health problem in Iran, posing an increasing threat to society's development in various dimensions. This study aimed to detect infection in wild-caught sand flies in Sari City, northern Iran. Sand flies were collected using sticky traps, and DNA was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ITS2-rDNA region, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.

Efficacy of amniotic fluid, blood and urine samples for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women candidates for amniocentesis using serological and molecular techniques.

Backgrounds: Toxoplasmosis, a prevalent parasitic infection, is primarily caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). This infection poses a significant threat to neonates during pregnancy and individuals with compromised immune systems.

An update on infections: Transmission, clinical characteristics, and treatment.

Leishmaniasis, caused by intracellular protozoa of the genus, continues to be a global health issue, with approximately 700,000 to 1 million new cases occur annually worldwide. The disease is transmitted via the bite of infected female sand flies of the genus , resulting in a range of symptoms known as cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis. The species , discovered in 1995, has been linked to cases in individuals with HIV, presenting with diverse clinical pictures.

The Therapeutic Effect of Shirvan Herbal Ointment on Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Compared with Glucantime.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) infection is caused by the parasite and affects 1.5 to 2 million people worldwide each year. Although research into vaccines and antiparasitic drugs has been somewhat successful, their adverse effects include high toxicity, prolonged regeneration, and scarring.

Isolation, characterization, and pathogenicity assay of Acanthamoeba and its endosymbionts in respiratory disorders and COVID-19 hospitalized patients, northern Iran.

Acanthamoeba spp., are common free-living amoebae found in nature that can serve as reservoirs for certain microorganisms. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a newly emerged respiratory infection, and the investigation of parasitic infections remains an area of limited research.

Vulvovaginitis due to in a girl and epidemic enterobiasis in her family.

Key Clinical Message: Here we present a case of a 4-year-old girl who suffered from vulvovaginitis caused by . All members of her family were also infected by this helminth. Treatment with mebendazole was administered to all family members and it was found that the entire family had been cured.

Detection of circulatory E. granulosus-derived cell-free DNA in the plasma and urine of human cystic echinococcosis using an in-house PCR: a potential promising diagnostic biomarker.

Background: The diagnostic tool for identifying cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients at an early stage is currently lacking. However, circulatory cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has shown potential as a biomarker for parasitic infections and could be used for diagnosing CE.

Research Design And Methods: The plasma and urine samples were collected from 39 patients with confirmed CE through imaging and histopathological techniques.