Efficacy of a teaching kitchen program for patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan: protocol for an open-label randomised controlled trial (TKD-J trial).

Introduction: This open-label randomised controlled trial (Teaching Kitchen for Diabetes in Japan [TKD-J] trial) evaluates the effectiveness of a modified Teaching Kitchen program for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Based on the US Teaching Kitchen Multisite Trial, this program integrates hands-on culinary instruction with evidence-based lectures on nutrition, physical activity, sleep and mindfulness, combined with a personalised approach. This is the first prospective study to assess its impact on glycaemic control and clinical, behavioural, quality-of-life outcomes among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Soluble T-cadherin ameliorates pressure overload-induced heart failure and cardiac fibrosis in mice.

Aim & Objective: We have reported that T-cadherin (T-cad), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that specifically binds to adiponectin, exists in the human serum as a soluble form (sT-cad). sT-cad promotes pancreatic β-cell proliferations, indicating a potential organ-protective role. This study aimed to the cardioprotective effect of sT-cad.

Large-scale web-based survey on eating behaviour in the Japanese general population using a dietary behaviour questionnaire.

Aims: Identifying habitual patterns of eating behaviour underlying obesity is essential for effective weight loss interventions. This study aimed to clarify differences in eating behaviours among obese individuals in a large-scale Japanese population.

Materials And Methods: We analysed data from an online survey completed by 17 766 individuals aged 20-69 years.

Enteric capsuled protein reduced food intake and inhibited high-fat diet-induced weight gain in mice.

To understand the mechanisms of food intake reduction after metabolic bariatric surgery, we investigated the potential antiobesity effects of undigested proteins delivered to the small intestine using enteric capsules. We utilized EUDRAGIT-coated capsules (enteric capsules) to deliver contents not into the stomach but into the small intestine. Wild-type mice were administered various proteins (soy, pea, chicken, or whey) in the enteric capsules, and the amount of food intake and weight gain by the high-fat diet were evaluated.

Mild Primary Adrenal Insufficiency During Treatment With Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab: A Report of 3 Patients.

Multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs), such as lenvatinib, have been approved for the treatment of various malignancies. Although hypertension and hypothyroidism are well-recognized adverse events, primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) remains underrecognized. Herein, we present a case series of 3 patients who developed mild PAI during treatment with lenvatinib and pembrolizumab for advanced cancer.

Slowly Progressive Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency Due to Pembrolizumab Administration in a Patient With a History of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor.

A 70-year-old man developed anorexia, general malaise, and hyponatremia with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L after the fifth cycle of pembrolizumab administration for bladder cancer. A rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) loading test result was within the normal range (basal and peak cortisol levels of 8.2 μg/dL and 20.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related type 1 diabetes mellitus with closely monitored dynamics of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels before and after disease onset.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a severe immune-related adverse event (irAE), occurring in < 1% of cases. ICI-related T1DM typically progresses more rapidly than conventional acute-onset T1DM, but is slower than conventional fulminant T1DM, suggesting different processes of onset and progression. Positivity rates for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies differ, with ICI-related T1DM showing a lower positivity rate than conventional acute-onset T1DM.

Food Preference Assessed by the Newly Developed Nutrition-Based Japan Food Preference Questionnaire and Its Association with Dietary Intake in Abdominal-Obese Subjects.

Background/objectives: Understanding food preferences is important for weight management. However, methods for assessing food preferences are not well established, especially in Japan. This study aimed to examine detailed food preferences and their associations with actual food intake in non-obese and abdominal-obese subjects using a newly developed questionnaire tailored for the Japanese population.

Associations between muscle quality and whole-body vibration exercise-induced changes in plasma hypoxanthine following an oral glucose load in healthy male subjects.

Blood levels of hypoxanthine (HX) have been suggested as potential biomarkers associated with intramuscular metabolic dynamics in response to exercise. This pilot randomized crossover trial (UMIN000036520) aimed to investigate the changes in plasma HX after whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) and their relationships with body composition and muscle-related parameters, enrolling eighteen healthy male volunteers. In the WBVE-alone intervention, the study subjects performed 20-min of WBVE.

Periodontal tissue susceptibility to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To assess the direct effect of intensive glycaemic control on periodontal tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and hospitalized to receive a 2-week intensive glycaemic control regimen. We observed and analysed the systemic and oral disease indicators before and after treatment and clarified the indicators related to periodontal inflammation.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related type 1 diabetes mellitus which develops long after treatment discontinuation: a case report and review of literature.

Unlabelled: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related type 1 diabetes is an immune-related adverse event (irAE), occurring in slightly less than 1% of patients undergoing ICI therapy. Most cases develop during ICI treatment, with occurrences long after discontinuation being extremely rare. A 76-year-old woman, with no history of glucose tolerance issues, was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with pleural invasion and underwent chemotherapy, including atezolizumab, an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody.

Soluble T-cadherin secretion from endothelial cells is regulated via insulin/PI3K/Akt signalling.

Aim And Objective: Our recent report showed that soluble T-cadherin promotes pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. However, how and where the secretion of soluble T-cadherin is regulated remain unclear.

Methods And Results: Soluble T-cadherin levels significantly increased in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice with hypoinsulinaemia or in wild-type mice treated with insulin receptor blockade by S961.

Association between COVID-19 severity and relatively high serum adiponectin levels at the time of admission.

At the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to epidemics worldwide. Obesity and visceral fat accumulation have been reported to be independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. Several reports have focused on the levels of adipocytokines/adipokines, including adiponectin (APN), which is exclusively secreted from adipocytes, although the importance of these factors in acute disease conditions remains unclear.

Pharmacological HIF-1 activation upregulates extracellular vesicle production synergistically with adiponectin through transcriptional induction and protein stabilization of T-cadherin.

Pharmacological activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a hypoxia-responsive transcription factor, has attracted increasing attention due to its efficacy not only in renal anemia but also in various disease models. Our study demonstrated that a HIF-1 activator enhanced extracellular vesicle (EV) production from cultured endothelial cells synergistically with adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived factor, through both transcriptional induction and posttranscriptional stabilization of an adiponectin binding partner, T-cadherin. Increased EV levels were observed in wild-type mice but not in T-cadherin null mice after consecutive administration of roxadustat.

Feasibility pilot study of a Japanese teaching kitchen program.

Background: This pilot study examined the feasibility of a new lifestyle modification program involving a "Teaching Kitchen" in Japan. Our goal was to explore (1) feasibility of the program; (2) acceptability for class frequency (weekly vs. bi-weekly); and (3) changes in biometrics, dietary intakes, and lifestyle factors.

Correlation between plasma glutamate and adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Visceral fat accumulation is a major determinant of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have reported that glutamate is the most elevated amino acid in the plasma amino acid profile in patients with obesity and/or visceral fat accumulation. Here, we show the relationship between plasma glutamate and the clinical features of patients with type 2 diabetes.

ER stress decreases exosome production through adiponectin/T-cadherin-dependent and -independent pathways.

Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced within cells, mediate both the disposal of intracellular waste and communication with distant cells, and they are involved in a variety of disease processes. Although disease modifications of exosome cargos have been well studied, it has been poorly investigated how disease processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, affect EV production. We previously reported that adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted salutary factor, increases systemic exosome levels through T-cadherin-mediated enhancement of exosome biogenesis.

Cardiovascular significance of adipose-derived adiponectin and liver-derived xanthine oxidoreductase in metabolic syndrome.

Visceral fat-based metabolic syndrome has a strong impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), clustering diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adiponectin, a protein specifically secreted by adipocytes, circulates abundantly in the human bloodstream, but its concentration decreases under pathological conditions such as visceral fat accumulation. Extensive clinical evidence has demonstrated that hypoadiponectinemia is associated with the development of CVD and chronic organ diseases.

Chronic hyperadiponectinemia induced by transgenic overexpression increases plasma exosomes without significantly improving glucose and lipid metabolism.

The fat-derived factor, adiponectin, is considered a salutary circulating factor. We recently demonstrated that native adiponectin binds T-cadherin and promotes intracellular biogenesis and secretion of the exosome. Exosomes play important roles in various aspects of homeostasis, including glucose and energy metabolism.

The Effects of Topiroxostat, a Selective Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitor, on Arterial Stiffness in Hyperuricemic Patients with Liver Dysfunction: A Sub-Analysis of the BEYOND-UA Study.

Background: The effects of uric acid (UA)-lowering therapy with xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors on the development of cardiovascular diseases remain controversial. Based on recent findings that plasma XOR activity increased in liver disease conditions, we conducted a sub-analysis of the BEYOND-UA study to examine the differential effects of topiroxostat on arterial stiffness based on liver function in hyperuricemic individuals with hypertension.

Methods: Sixty-three subjects treated with topiroxostat were grouped according to baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (above or below cut-off values of 22, 30, or 40 U/L).

Myocardial fat accumulation is associated with cardiac dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially in elderly or female patients: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Ectopic fat is fat that accumulates in or around specific organs or compartments of the body including myocardium. The clinical features of type 2 diabetes patients with high fat accumulation in the myocardium remain unknown. Moreover, little is known about the influence of myocardial fat accumulation in type 2 diabetes on coronary artery disease and cardiac dysfunction.