Chronic exposure to environmental concentrations of 6PPDQ induces neurotoxicity via perturbing multiple neurotransmission pathways in zebrafish.

Previous research has demonstrated acute toxicity of 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), the ozonation product of tire-manufacturing additive 6PPD; however, chronic effects on aquatic organisms under real-world conditions remain unclear. We exposed 2-month-old zebrafish to 6PPDQ at concentrations of 2, 20 and 200 µg/L for 30 days. Whole-body desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) revealed accumulation mainly in the muscle, abdomen, and brain of zebrafish exposed to 200 µg/L 6PPDQ, which was verified by MS quantification of muscle and brain tissues.

Chlorination-Mediated π-π Stacking Enhances the Photodynamic Properties of a NIR-II Emitting Photosensitizer with Extended Conjugation.

NIR-II-emitting photosensitizers (PSs) have attracted great research interest due to their promising clinical applications in imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, it is still challenging to realize highly efficient PDT on NIR-II PSs. In this work, we develop a chlorination-mediated π-π organizing strategy to improve the PDT of a PS with conjugation-extended A-D-A architecture.

Basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor PxbHLH02 enhances drought tolerance in Populus (Populus simonii × P. nigra).

The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) are involved in plant morphogenesis and various abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, further exploration is required of drought-responsive bHLH family members and their detailed regulatory mechanisms in Populus. Two bHLH TF genes, PxbHLH01/02, were identified in Populus simonii × P.

The phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C1 modulates flowering time and grain size in rice.

Preferential expression of OsPLC1 is detected at the heading stage of rice, OsPLC1 overexpression results in early flowering, increased-grain size and yield; however, opposing phenotypes produced in the osplc1 mutants. Abstract: The importance of phospholipase C (PLC) in plant development has been demonstrated in several studies. OsPLC1, a member of PI-PLC in rice, although its role in the response to salt stress of rice seedlings has been reported, its functions in the growth and development of rice is elusive.

Morphologically Tunable Supramolecular Rectangular Microsheet and Microsaw Constructed by Hierarchical Self-Assembly Based on Hydrogen Bonds.

An amino acid derivative, thiophene (TDAV), as new building blocks for 2D supramolecular assembly is designed. Various square and rectangular microsheets are achieved and the aspect ratios are precisely regulated by controlling the polarity of cosolvent or water content. By the introduction of chirality, the novel microsaw is also achieved.

Oligomeric Acceptor: A "Two-in-One" Strategy to Bridge Small Molecules and Polymers for Stable Solar Devices.

Oligomeric acceptors are expected to combine the advantages of both highly developed small molecular and polymeric acceptors. However, organic solar cells (OSCs) based on oligomers lag far behind due to their slow development and low diversity. Here, three oligomeric acceptors were produced through oligomerization of small molecules.

The rice phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C3 is involved in responses to osmotic stresses via modulating ROS homeostasis.

Four members of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) are predicted in rice genome. Although the involvement of OsPLC1 and OsPLC4 in the responses of rice to salt and drought stresses has been documented, the role of OsPLC3 in which, yet, is elusive. Here, we report that OsPLC3 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues during the development of rice.

ABA-INDUCED expression 1 is involved in ABA-inhibited primary root elongation via modulating ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

To endure environmental stresses, plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms involving phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA). The function of the plant-specific AT-rich sequence zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) family has not yet been extensively characterized in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this report, we evaluated the function of a putative member of the PLATZ family in Arabidopsis, ABA-INDUCED expression 1 (AIN1).

Gut Microbiota Are Associated With Psychological Stress-Induced Defections in Intestinal and Blood-Brain Barriers.

Altered gut microbiota has been identified during psychological stress, which causes severe health issues worldwide. The integrity of the intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier regulates the process of bacterial translocation and can supply the nervous system with real-time information about the environment. However, the association of gut microbiota with psychological stress remains to be fully interpreted.

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of 4-Coumarate:CoA ligase 4(4CL-like 1)from Fraxinus mandshurica and its role in abiotic stress tolerance and cell wall synthesis.

Background: Four-Coumarate:CoA ligase gene (4CL) plays multiple important roles in plant growth and development by catalyzing the formation of CoA ester. 4CL belongs to the plant phenylpropane derivative, which is related to the synthesis of flavonoids and lignin and is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway.

Results: In this study, 12 4CL genes of Fraxinus mandschurica were identified and named Fm4CL1-Fm4CL12, respectively.

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a UV-B photoreceptor gene, BpUVR8 (UV Resistance Locus 8), from birch and its role in ABA response.

As a photoreceptor specifically for UV-B light, UVR8 gene plays an important role in the photomorphogenesis and developmental growth of plants. In this research, we isolated the UVR8 gene from birch, named BpUVR8 (AHY02156). BpUVR8 overexpression rescued the uvr8 mutant phenotype using functional complementation assay of BpUVR8 in Arabidopsis uvr8 mutants, which showed that the function of UVR8 is conserved between Arabidopsis and birch.

Total syntheses of schilancidilactones A and B, schilancitrilactone A, and 20--schilancitrilactone A late-stage nickel-catalyzed cross coupling.

The first total syntheses of schilancidilactones A and B, schilancitrilactone A, and 20--schilancitrilactone A have been accomplished using a nickel-catalyzed cross coupling of alkyl bromide with vinyl stannane as the final step. The other key steps include late-stage C(sp)-H bromination, the oxidative cleavage of a diol to provide the requisite ketone and ester for schilancidilactones A and B, and Dieckmann-type condensation to generate the A ring of schilancitrilactone A and 20--schilancitrilactone A.

Synthesis of oligo-fructopyranoside with difructopyranosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate donor.

The hexa-fructopyranoside was synthesized with N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidate glycosylation. The synthesis was achieved by regioselective glycosylation on the 1-OH of fructopyranosyl acceptor. Fructosyl oligosaccharides were elongated with β-(2 → 1)-difructopyranosyl unit in every two steps, without any further protection/deprotection step.

Total synthesis of schilancitrilactones b and C.

The first total syntheses of schilancitrilactones B and C have been accomplished in 17 steps (longest linear sequence) from commercially available materials. Key steps include an intramolecular radical cyclization to provide the seven-membered ring, late-stage iodination, and an intermolecular radical addition reaction to complete the total synthesis.