Distinct features of humoral and cellular immunity against Omicron breakthrough infection among chronic liver disease patients: An experience from a follow-up cohort.

Immunity response following vaccination and infection toward the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant remains limited in chronic liver disease (CLD) population. This study aims to investigate humoral and cell-mediate immunity to Omicron BA.4/5 among CLD patients with/without breakthrough infections (BI).

Autoantibody reactome analysis reveals diagnostic biomarkers and molecular classification for relapsing polychondritis.

Objectives: The lack of effective biomarkers for relapsing polychondritis (RP) poses a significant challenge in its early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to identify novel autoantibodies and elucidate the pathogenesis and molecular heterogeneity of RP.

Methods: Plasma samples from 467 RP patients, 164 healthy controls (HCs), and 186 disease controls (DCs) were analysed using 2 sequential microarrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to sequentially discover, validate, and verify new autoantibodies.

Infectious agents in dilated cardiomyopathy: Genetic interactions, autoimmunity, mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heterogeneous myocardial disorder characterized by left ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction in the absence of ischemic, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease. Although its precise etiology remains unclear, it is widely recognized as a multifactorial disease arising from complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Among these, infectious agents have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various subtypes, particularly inflammatory and idiopathic DCM.

Mass Cytometry Analysis of High-Dimensional Single-Cell Immune Profiles in ZF2001-Vaccinated Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the WHO. ZF2001, a protein subunit vaccine targeting the RBD, was utilized to evaluate its impact on the immune system of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to investigate peripheral cell profiles one year after three doses of ZF2001 vaccine using single cell mass spectrometry flow cytometry (CyTOF), a technique that allows detailed characterization of the immune response against SARS-COV-2 infection and further evaluation of ZF2001 mechanisms as a prophylactic against chronic disease and reducing mortality.

Identifying Neurological Autoantibodies in COVID-19: mGluR2 as a Marker of Immune Dysregulation During the Omicron Outbreak in China.

Aimed to comprehensively investigate the presence of neural autoantibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of COVID-19 patients experiencing neurological complications during the Omicron wave in China. Forty consecutive COVID-19 patients with severe neurological complications and 15 disease controls (DC) were enrolled. Neural autoantibodies were detected using both the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on mouse brain tissue and the Brain-neuronal-antigen microarray.

Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a functional immunomodulator for cell-free therapy of autoimmune diseases.

Patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs) seldom receive efficient clinical management and timely therapy.Although certain immunomodulatory drugs or biologics currently in use have been shown to decelerate AID progression, potential complications and the extended treatment duration affect the prognosis and living quality of patients.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted significant interest as a cell-free therapeutic approach with reduced side effects.

Elucidating SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and their relevance to COVID-19 neurological manifestations.

A mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 invaded the human nervous system. This was confirmed by an increase in biomarkers found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of COVID-19 patients. To confirm the neuroinvasive properties of SARS-CoV-2, a series of analyses were conducted utilizing accessible datasets by MR.

COVID-19 inactivated booster vaccines elicit strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Omicron variant in patients with breast cancer.

Background: Patients with breast cancer are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19 and related mortality. However, the ability of inactivated vaccine-induced antibodies to neutralize both SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variant following a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose remains unclear in these patients.

Methods: Blood samples from 211 breast cancer patients and 155 healthy controls were analyzed after one, two, or three doses of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

New biomarkers in IgA nephropathy.

Currently, IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of chronic renal failure in patients with primary glomerulonephritis. However, IgAN diagnosis is usually performed by collecting a renal biopsy as gold standard to visualize pathological changes in the glomeruli. The randomized nature of this invasive procedure in clinical practice, together with the need to exclude patients with contraindications, often results in a limited number of eligible people.

Evaluation of inflammatory-thrombosis panel as a diagnostic tool for vascular Behçet's disease.

Objectives: Vascular Behçet's disease (VBD) is prevalent in 40% of BD, but lacks laboratory biomarker for timely diagnosis. We aimed to establish a diagnostic panel for discerning VBD and non-VBD patients and identify hemostatic-thrombotic markers most related to VBD pathogenesis using machine learning algorithm.

Objectives: A total of 338 BD patients comprising 123 VBD and 215 non-VBD were enrolled.

Neuro-Behçet's disease: an update of clinical diagnosis, biomarkers, and immunopathogenesis.

Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) is a more severe but rare symptom of Behçet's disease, which is mainly divided into parenchymal NBD (p-NBD) involving brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebral cortex. Non-p-NBD manifests as intracranial aneurysm, cerebral venous thrombosis, peripheral nervous system injuries, and mixed parenchymal and non-parenchymal disease. p-NBD is pathologically characterized by perivasculitis presenting with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, elevated total protein, and central nervous system (CNS) infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, which are subdivided into acute and chronic progressive stages according to relapsing-remitting courses and responses to steroids.

Characteristics of patients with non-severe infections of different SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants in China.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of patients infected with different Omicron subvariants presenting non-severe disease, evaluate the safety and efficacy of Azvudine for treatment of COVID-19, in order to broaden understanding of Omicron subvariant infections.

Method: A total of 244 individuals with Omicron subvariant (BA.2.

Proteome-Wide Analysis of Antibody Responses in Asymptomatic Omicron BA.2-Infected Individuals at the Amino Acid Resolution.

Humoral immunity plays a critical role in clearing SARS-CoV-2 during viral invasion. However, the proteome-wide characteristics of antibody responses in individuals infected with Omicron variant, both asymptomatic and symptomatic, remain poorly understood. We profiled the serum antibodies from 108 individuals, including healthy controls and those infected with Omicron BA.

Maintenance of Long-Term Effective Humoral Immune Response in Patients with COVID-19 with Homologous or Heterologous Booster Vaccines: A Retrospective Study.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has led to global efforts in vaccination to mitigate rising morbidity and mortality, with vaccines proving crucial in controlling the pandemic. This study evaluated the humoral responses to the inactivated virus vaccine Sinopharm or Koxing Kerlafor, the protein subunit vaccine ZF001, and the adenoviral vector vaccine Convidecia after 18 months of inactivated virus vaccination by heterologous and homologous booster vaccination in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and healthy individuals. We discovered that patients who had recovered from the infection and then received a third vaccine dose (booster) exhibited durable immunity.

Sensory neuronal control of skin barrier immunity.

Peripheral sensory neurons recognize diverse noxious stimuli, including microbial products and allergens traditionally thought to be targets of the mammalian immune system. Activation of sensory neurons by these stimuli leads to pain and itch responses as well as the release of neuropeptides that interact with their cognate receptors expressed on immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs). Neuronal control of immune cell function through neuropeptide release not only affects local inflammatory responses but can impact adaptive immune responses through downstream effects on T cell priming.

Significance of immunoglobulins synthesis with central nervous system involvement in Neuro-Behçet's disease.

Objectives: Demyelination and immunocyte-infiltrated lesions have been found in neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) pathology. Lacking satisfying laboratory biomarkers in NBD impedes standard clinical diagnostics. We aim to explore the ancillary indicators for NBD diagnosis unveiling its potential etiology.

Omicron BA.4/5 neutralization and cell-mediated immune responses in relation to baseline immune status and breakthrough infection among PLWH: A follow-up cohort study.

There is a paucity of data on hybrid immunity (vaccination plus breakthrough infection [BI]), especially cell-mediated responses to Omicron among immunosuppressed patients. We aim to investigate humoral and cellular responses to Omicron BA.4/5 among people living with HIV (PLWH) with/without BIs, the most prevalent variant of concern after the reopening of China.

COVID-19 vaccination willingness among people living with HIV in Shijiazhuang, China: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed an enormous disease and economic burden worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is essential to containing the pandemic. People living with HIV (PLWH) may be more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 outcomes; thus, understanding their vaccination willingness and influencing factors is helpful in developing targeted vaccination strategies.

Immune cells and related cytokines in dilated cardiomyopathy.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a non-ischemic cardiomyopathy involving one or more underlying etiologies. It is characterized by structural and functional dysfunction of the myocardium, potentially leading to fibrosis and ventricular remodeling, and an elevated risk of heart failure (HF). Although the pathogenesis of DCM remains unknown, compelling evidence suggests that DCM-triggered immune cells and inflammatory cascades play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of DCM.

Negative serum (1,3) -β-D-glucan has a low power to exclude Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in HIV-uninfected patients with positive qPCR.

Objective: The current study evaluated the diagnostic performance of serum (1,3)-beta-D Glucan (BDG) in differentiating PJP from P. jirovecii-colonization in HIV-uninfected patients with P. jirovecii PCR-positive results.

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Uptake among Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Hebei Province, China.

Chronic liver disease (CLD) patients have higher mortality and hospitalization rates after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study aimed to explore SARS-CoV-2 vaccine perceptions, side effects, factors associated with nonvaccination and attitudes toward fourth-dose vaccine among CLD patients. The differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups among 1491 CLD patients and the risk factors associated with nonvaccination status were analyzed.