Factors Associated with Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare Among United States Middle-aged and Older Adults.

Background: Discrimination in healthcare settings impedes quality care, leading to poorer health outcomes.

Objective: To examine racial differences in perceived discrimination in healthcare settings across age among middle-aged and older adults and identify factors associated with these experiences.

Design: Longitudinal cohort data from the Health and Retirement Study collected between 2008 and 2020.

Mobile-Based Cognitive Training for Older Chinese Americans: Perspectives From Older Adults and Adult Children.

Background And Objectives: The older Chinese American population is growing rapidly in the United States, but they have limited access to culturally responsive dementia prevention services. Cognitive training has benefits for cognitive health, yet these interventions have not been tailored to older Chinese Americans. To inform the codesign of a culturally relevant, mobile-based cognitive training, this study explored perspectives of older Chinese Americans and their adult children on dementia prevention and cognitive training.

CHK1-S, a splicing variant of CHK1, suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia.

Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a crucial protein involved in the cell cycle checkpoint during the DNA damage response and is essential for sustaining leukemia cell activity. CHK1-S (excluded exon 3) is an alternative splice variant of CHK1. Here, we demonstrate that CHK1-S is highly expressed in wild-type mouse bone marrow, and the ratio of CHK1-S to CHK1 is significantly higher compared to other tissues.

Co-Designed Mobile-Based Cognitive Training for Older Chinese Americans: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Feasibility and Acceptability.

Background: Older Chinese Americans are at high risk of dementia, yet they often do not access culturally relevant services/programs to reduce their risks due to issues such as language barriers and transportation. BrainHQ is a mobile-based, effective cognitive training program that can potentially address these barriers and delay cognitive decline in older Chinese Americans.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile-based cognitive training intervention co-designed by older Chinese Americans and their adult children.

Development and Validation of a Social Frailty Index Among Older Adults in the Philippines.

BackgroundSocial frailty has not been studied in the Philippines, a Southeast Asian country with distinct sociocultural characteristics.ObjectiveTo (i) develop and validate the Social Frailty Index-Philippines (SFI-Phil), using all-cause mortality (up to 4 years) as the outcome and (ii) evaluate performance of SFI-Phil across age, sex, and residence.MethodsPerforming regression analyses on baseline and 4-year follow-up data from 5153 older adults aged 60+ from the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Ageing and Health in the Philippines (LSAHP), we selected and validated a parsimonious model of social predictors.

The Impact of Later-Life Learning on Trajectories of Cognitive Function Among U.S. Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Low education in early life is a major risk factor for dementia. However, little is known about how education in later life is related to cognitive function in older adults. We assessed whether later-life learning was associated with better cognitive function over time and whether the associations differed by sex, race/ethnicity, and prior education.

Factors Associated with Perceived Discrimination in Healthcare Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

Background: Discrimination in healthcare settings impedes quality care, leading to poorer health outcomes.

Objective: To examine racial differences in perceived discrimination in healthcare settings across age among middle-aged and older adults and identify factors associated with these experiences.

Design: Longitudinal cohort data from the Health and Retirement Study collected between 2008 and 2020.

Reducing Readmission for Sepsis by Improving Risk Prediction Algorithms.

Unplanned readmissions after sepsis, rates of which range from 17.5% to 32%, pose substantial challenges for health care systems. Associated costs for sepsis surpass those for other critical conditions.

Noscapine derivative 428 suppresses ferroptosis through targeting GPX4.

Inhibiting ferroptosis represents a promising strategy to combat ferroptosis-related diseases. Here we show that 428, a selenide-containing noscapine derivative, effectively inhibits ferroptosis in various cell lines by enhancing the stability and activity of GPX4. TRIM41 was identified as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase of GPX4 and 428 was demonstrated to bind to the selenocysteine residue Sec46 of GPX4 via the formation of a transient and reversible Se-Se bond, thereby blocking the interaction between GPX4 and TRIM41, stabilizing GPX4 and enhancing its activity.

Racial and ethnic disparities in longitudinal trajectories of hospitalizations in patients diagnosed with heart failure.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in hospitalizations among heart failure (HF) patients have been well documented. However, little is known about racial and ethnic differences in the long-term trajectories of hospital admissions that follow the diagnosis of HF.

Methods: We used electronic health records (EHR) of 5,606 patients with newly-diagnosed HF between January 1, 2015 and July 28, 2018 in the Duke University Health System.

Targeting the RBM39-MEK5 axis synergizes with bortezomib to inhibit the malignant growth of multiple myeloma.

Aberrant alternative splicing is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is potentially based on upregulated expression-of-splicing factors in some types of cancer. Our previous study suggested that the splicing factor RBM39 is significantly upregulated in multiple myeloma (MM) and that its upregulation is positively associated with poor prognosis. Here, we further demonstrate that the survival and proliferation of MM cells rely on RBM39 and that RBM39 knockdown inhibits the malignant growth of MM.

Double-edged sword effect of GPX4 in skin homeostasis and diseases.

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme that plays a vital role in protecting cells from oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation. In the context of skin diseases, GPX4 serves as a key regulator of oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which are significant features of various skin conditions. By preventing lipid peroxidation and maintaining membrane integrity, GPX4 acts as a safeguard against cell death pathways, particularly ferroptosis, in skin diseases.

Racial and ethnic disparities in longitudinal trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors in U.S. middle-aged and older adults.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are well-documented. However, racial and ethnic differences in the longitudinal changes among multiple CVD risk factors are unknown.

Methods: We used prospective cohort data of U.

Identification of USP2 as a novel target to induce degradation of KRAS in myeloma cells.

Inducing the degradation of KRAS represents a novel strategy to combat cancers with KRAS mutation. In this study, we identify ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) as a novel deubiquitinating enzyme of KRAS in multiple myeloma (MM). Specifically, we demonstrate that gambogic acid (GA) forms a covalent bond with the cysteine 284 residue of USP2 through an allosteric pocket, inhibiting its deubiquitinating activity.

Longitudinal Associations Between Psychological Resilience and Cognitive Function: Evidence From the U.S. Health and Retirement Study.

Objectives: Reductions in psychological resilience and declining cognition are common among older adults. Understanding the longitudinal association between them could be beneficial for interventions that focus on age-related cognitive and psychological health. In this study, we evaluated the longitudinal associations between cognition and psychological resilience over time in a nationally representative sample of U.

Association Between Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Risks of Early and Recurrent Admissions Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed Heart Failure.

Background: Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with greater risks of hospital readmission and mortality among patients with heart failure (HF). However, it is less clear whether socioeconomic disadvantage has an immediate and lasting impact on the risk of admissions after the diagnosis of HF.

Methods: We used electronic health record data of patients aged 65 years and older with newly diagnosed HF between January 2015 and July 2018 in the Duke University Health System, with up to 8 years of follow-up.

A Polysocial Approach in Exploring Racial and Ethnic Differences in Dementia and Cognitive Decline Among U.S. Older Adults: Health and Retirement Study.

Background And Objectives: The racial or ethnic disparity in the burden of dementia exists among older adults in the United States, whereas gaps remain in understanding the synergic effect of multiple social determinants of health on diminishing this disparity. We aim to build a polysocial score for dementia and investigate the racial or ethnic difference in dementia risk among older persons with different polysocial score categories.

Research Design And Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we utilized longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States recruiting 6 945 participants aged ≥65 years who had data on 24 social determinants of health in 2006/2008.

Extracting Critical Information from Unstructured Clinicians' Notes Data to Identify Dementia Severity Using a Rule-Based Approach: Feasibility Study.

Background: The severity of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) is rarely documented in structured data fields in electronic health records (EHRs). Although this information is important for clinical monitoring and decision-making, it is often undocumented or "hidden" in unstructured text fields and not readily available for clinicians to act upon.

Objective: We aimed to assess the feasibility and potential bias in using keywords and rule-based matching for obtaining information about the severity of ADRD from EHR data.

Role of UCHL3 in health and disease.

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 3 (UCHL3) is a cysteine protease that plays a crucial role in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis by carrying out deubiquitination and deneddylation activities. It has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for certain cancers due to its ability to stabilize oncoproteins. The dysregulation of UCHL3 also has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, underscoring its significance in maintaining protein homeostasis within cells.

Physical activity initiated from midlife on risk of dementia and cognitive impairment: The Health and Retirement Study.

Background: Physical activity is associated with lower risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, but existing randomized controlled trials have shown conflicting results. As cognitive decline occurs decades before the onset of dementia, physical activity interventions initiated in late life may have missed the potential window for prevention. An ideal trial of physical activity initiated from midlife and lasts till incident dementia and cognitive impairment in late life is not feasible.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 targets PFKL-mediated glycolysis to promote the proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aberrant upregulation of the ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) has been found in some malignant tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we further demonstrated that aberrantly overexpressed USP14 was also closely related to adverse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in patients with OSCC, so we hypothesized that USP14 might act as a tumor-promoting factor during the progression of OSCC. Notably, we originally proved that USP14 is a deubiquitinating enzyme for phosphofructokinase-1 liver type (PFKL), a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in the glycolytic pathway.