Investigating multimorbidity trajectories in people living with MASLD diagnosis: A trajectory analysis using the UK Biobank.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an emerging global health concern, and its presence increases the risk of multi-system diseases. This study aimed to investigate the multimorbidity trajectories of chronic diseases in people living with MASLD.

Methods: We identified 137 859 MASLD patients in UK Biobank and used 'propensity score matching' to match an equal number of non-MASLD controls.

Co-utilization of corncob hydrolysate and fermentation wastewater for eicosapentaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp.

Background: Oleaginous microorganisms are promising lipid producers that accumulate an abundance of lipids from different carbon sources. However, the cost of the carbon source in the culture medium is a significant component of the total substrate cost. In this study, lignocellulose from corncob hydrolysate (CBH) was used instead of glucose as a low-cost medium for Schizochytrium fermentation.

Transcriptional regulatory factor EpsR mediates adaptation mechanism of extremophile Acidithiobacillus caldus to copper stress environment and performance in bioleaching of low-grade copper ore by enhancing "contact" mechanism.

Bioleaching is a critical approach for processing low-grade copper ores, relying on the "contact" mechanism mediated by microbial extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion and biofilm formation. In the typical leaching microorganism Acidithiobacillus caldus, there is a transcriptional regulatory factor EpsR that regulates EPS secretion. It has a typical PilZ domain that binds cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) and can sense Cu to relieve its own repression.

Understanding biological control function and trophic interaction dynamics of an artificially released predatory bug by DNA metabarcoding.

Understanding the dietary habits of generalist invertebrate predators in agroecosystems helps improve ecosystem programs, particularly for integrated pest management. Augmentation biological control, one of three widely accepted biological pest control methods, involves releasing a large number of natural enemies to quickly reduce damaging pest populations. However, the effectiveness of these natural enemies against target pests and their effects on nontarget pests in agricultural landscapes remain unknown.

Cinnamaldehyde attenuates CCL-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting the CYP2A6/Notch3 pathway.

Background: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation and hepatocyte injury contribute to liver fibrosis progression and subsequent cirrhosis. Literature showed that cinnamaldehyde (CA) could alleviate fibrosis procession and steatosis. However, its specific role in liver fibrosis remains largely unexplored.

Evolutionary history and divergence times of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) inferred from mitochondrial phylogenomics.

Background: Advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have led to a rapid increase in the number of sequenced mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), ensuring the emergence of mitochondrial phylogenomics, as a powerful tool for understanding the evolutionary history of various animal groups.

Methods: In this study, we utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to assemble and annotate the mitogenomes of (Stål) and Ebner. We described the characteristics of the mitochondrial genes of these two species.

Comparative Mitogenomes and Phylogenetic Analyses of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea).

Coccinellidae (ladybird beetles) comprises around 6900 described species with a worldwide distribution and exhibits a broad trophic diversity. Complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are valuable resources in many research fields, such as genomics, population genetics, molecular evolution, and phylogenetics. Here we sequenced and report the complete mitogenome of , , , and .

Icariin mediates autophagy and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by the β-catenin signaling pathway through lncRNA LOXL1-AS1.

To investigate the effect of icariin (ICA) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its autophagy/apoptosis mechanism in HCC. The anti-HCC mechanism of ICA was investigated using HCC cells treated with 20 µmol/L ICA. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using CCK-8 and colony formation assays, respectively, while TUNEL staining evaluated anti-apoptotic effects.

Recognition of parasitic helminth eggs via a deep learning-based platform.

Introduction: Accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial for the effective treatment of parasitosis. Traditional etiological methods, especially microscopic examination, are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and prone to false or missed detections. In response to these challenges, this study explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for the detection and classification of human parasite eggs through the YOLOv4 deep learning object detection algorithm.

Insights into the role of cyclopropane fatty acid synthase (CfaS) from extreme acidophile in bacterial defense against environmental acid stress.

The cell membrane remodeling mediated by cyclopropane fatty acid synthase (CfaS) plays a crucial role in microbial physiological processes resisting various environmental stressors, including acid. Herein, we found a relatively high proportion (24.8%-28.

Transfer and biological effects of cadmium along a tomato - thrip - predatory bug food chain.

The heavy metal, cadmium (Cd) is an increasingly serious issue in agricultural ecosystems, mediating bottom-up effects on plants, herbivores and natural enemies. We measured how Cd modifies interactions between tomato Solanum lycopersicum, western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, and the predatory bug Orius sauteri by examining Cd effects on the growth of tomato, the fitness of western flower thrips, and the survival and behavior of predators. The photosynthetic parameters of Pn (net photosynthetic rate), Gs (stomatal conductance), Ci (intercellular CO concentration), and Tr (transpiration rate) of tomato plants significantly decreased with the increase of Cd concentration.

Global Trends and Inequalities of Liver Complications Related to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analysis From 1990 to 2021.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is a significant driver of the increasing global burden of chronic liver disease. This study aimed to describe the temporal trends and inequalities of liver complications related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (LC-MASLD) by geographical region, age and sex during 1990-2021.

Methods: Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021 data were analysed to assess LC-MASLD incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Rational design of base, sugar and backbone modifications improves ADAR-mediated RNA editing.

AIMers are short, chemically modified oligonucleotides that induce A-to-I RNA editing through interaction with endogenous adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes. Here, we describe the development of new AIMer designs with base, sugar and backbone modifications that improve RNA editing efficiency over our previous design. AIMers incorporating a novel pattern of backbone and 2' sugar modifications support enhanced editing efficiency across multiple sequences.

Comparative genomic analyses on assassin bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) reveal genetic bases governing the diet-shift.

Genetic basis underlying the biodiversity and phenotypic plasticity are fascinating questions in evolutionary biology. Such molecular diversity can be achieved at multi-omics levels. Here, we sequenced the first chromosome-level genome of assassin bug , a polyphagous generalist predator for biological control of agroecosystems.

The investigation on an ethnic medicinal plant of Elsholtiza bodinieri Vaniot: Chemical constituents, acute, 28-day subacute and 90-day subchronic toxicity evaluation.

Ethnopharmacological Significance: Elsholtiza bodinieri Vaniot, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, has important medicinal value in Yunnan province of China. Traditionally, its aerial parts have been used as an ethnomedicine to treat diaphoresis, headache, fever, cough, pharyngitis, dyspepsia, and hepatitis. However, the safety assessment of E.

Heavy metal exposure reduces larval gut microbiota diversity of the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis.

Cadmium (Cd), a widely distributed environmental pollutant in agroecosystems, causes negative effects on crops and herbivores through bottom-up processes. The gut microbial community of an insect can play a critical role in response to metal stress. To understand how microbiota affect the stress responses of organisms to heavy metals in agroecosystems, we initially used 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the larval gut microbiota of Chilo suppressalis, an important agricultural pest, exposed to a diet containing Cd.

Preclinical evaluation of stereopure antisense oligonucleotides for allele-selective lowering of mutant .

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by the expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats in one copy of the gene (mutant HTT, mHTT). The unaffected gene encodes wild-type HTT (wtHTT) protein, which supports processes important for the health and function of the central nervous system. Selective lowering of mHTT for the treatment of HD may provide a benefit over nonselective HTT-lowering approaches, as it aims to preserve the beneficial activities of wtHTT.

Fractionally spaced nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima precoding with weight clustering for C-band 100 Gbaud/λ PAM-4 transmission.

A nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (NTHP) scheme has been verified for its capability to effectively address both the linear and nonlinear inter-symbol interferences (ISIs) arising in the intensity-modulation direct-detection (IM-DD) fiber optics transmission. Nevertheless, the application of the NTHP scheme may significantly increase the number of levels for the intensity modulated signals, resulting in the reduction of both eye width and receiver sensitivity. Here, we propose a fractionally spaced NTHP with a weight clustering (FS-NTHP-WC) scheme.

Dual stress factors adaptive evolution for high EPA production in Schizochytrium sp. and metabolomics mechanism analysis.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is a vital ɷ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) for human body with various physiological functions. In this study, we proposed an adaptive evolutionary strategy based on high-temperature and high-oxygen two-factor stress to increase the EPA production capacity of Schizochytrium. High-temperature stress was used to increase EPA yield, and high oxygen was implemented to continuously stimulate cell growth and lipid accumulation.

Mechanosensitive protein polycystin-1 promotes periosteal stem/progenitor cells osteochondral differentiation in fracture healing.

Mechanical forces are indispensable for bone healing, disruption of which is recognized as a contributing cause to nonunion or delayed union. However, the underlying mechanism of mechanical regulation of fracture healing is elusive. We used the lineage-tracing mouse model, conditional knockout depletion mouse model, hindlimb unloading model and single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the crucial roles of mechanosensitive protein polycystin-1 (PC1, ) promotes periosteal stem/progenitor cells (PSPCs) osteochondral differentiation in fracture healing.

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in diabetes and diabetic complications.

Diabetes, a group of metabolic disorders, constitutes an important global health problem. Diabetes and its complications place a heavy financial strain on both patients and the global healthcare establishment. The lack of effective treatments contributes to this pessimistic situation and negative outlook.

Mitochondria-targeting peptide SS-31 attenuates ferroptosis via inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in the hippocampus of epileptic rats.

Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) andplaysanimportantrole in epileptogenesis. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) pathway has been confirmed to be involved in ferroptosis. The mitochondria-targeting antioxidant Elamipretide (SS-31) can reduce the generation of lipid peroxidation and the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS).