Microglia-Mediated Pathological Retinal Angiogenesis Leading to Visual Impairment in Mice Exposed to Perfluorooctanoic Acid.

Increasing epidemiological evidence suggests that human visual impairment is associated with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model through a 28-day oral administration of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at doses of 3 and 15 mg/kg BW/day to investigate its impacts on pathological retinal angiogenesis, a hallmark of multiple vision-threatening diseases. PFOA exposure induced characteristic retinal acellular capillary formation, even in the normal avascular zone, accompanied by a hemorrhagic manifestation.

Corneal Biomechanics as a Causal Factor in Myopia and Astigmatism: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization.

Purpose: The causal relationship between refractive errors and corneal biomechanical properties remains uncertain. This study aimed to clarify this relationship using Mendelian randomization (MR), offering new insights into the prevention and treatment of refractive errors.

Design: A bidirectional, 2-sample MR analysis.

Causal Relationship Between Common Allergic Diseases and Keratoconus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of several allergic diseases on the development of keratoconus (KC) from a genetic perspective.

Methods: Data from multiple genome-wide association studies involving European ancestry individuals were used. Ultimately, 613 allergic conjunctivitis (AC) cases and 474,657 controls, 4387 allergic rhinitis (AR) cases and 471,273 controls, 4859 allergic asthma cases and 135,449 controls, 1169 allergic urticaria cases and 212,464 controls, 22,474 atopic dermatitis cases and 774,187 controls, and 311 KC cases and 209,287 controls were included.

Evidence for Genetic Causal Association Between the Gut Microbiome, Derived Metabolites, and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mediation Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

: Despite substantial research, the causal relationships between gut microbiota (GM) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remain unclear. We aimed to explore these causal associations using Mendelian randomization (MR) and elucidate the potential mechanisms mediated by blood metabolites. : We utilized the 211 GM dataset (n = 18,340) provided by the MiBioGen consortium.

Promoted Translocation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid across the Blood-Retinal Barrier due to its Inhibition of Tight Junction Assembly by Antagonizing LPAR1.

Eye health is becoming a significant public health concern, and a recent epidemiological investigation suggested that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a so-called forever chemical, was correlated with decreased human visual acuity; however, it remains unknown whether PFOA can pass through the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) to cause visual toxicity. In this study, the mice received a 28-day subchronic oral exposure to PFOA. The results of spatial mass spectrometry imaging indicated that the eye-enriched PFOA dispersed into the subretina primarily through the outer BRB (oBRB), which subsequently resulted in significantly increased apoptosis and decreased thickness of multiple oBRB-associated layers.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Preoperative Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Combined with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for the Treatment of Idiopathic Macular Epiretinal Membrane.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of preoperative intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IMEM).

Methods: This was a retrospective study. Thirty-six phakic eyes of 35 patients were included in this study.

Advances in the study of the influence of photoreceptors on the development of myopia.

This review examines the pivotal role of photoreceptor cells in ocular refraction development, focusing on dopamine (DA) as a key neurotransmitter. Contrary to the earlier view favoring cone cells, recent studies have highlighted the substantial contributions of both rod and cone cells to the visual signaling pathways that influence ocular refractive development. Notably, rod cells appeared to play a central role.

Clinical efficacy of dexamethasone parabulbar injection in patients with Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Background: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAAION) is a common optic neuropathy that often leads to significant visual acuity loss in patients. The present study evaluated the effects of parabulbar dexamethasone injection on visual outcomes in patients with NAAION.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study included patients diagnosed with NAAION between January 2019 and December 2022.

3D printed fibroblast-loaded hydrogel for scleral remodeling to prevent the progression of myopia.

Pathologic myopia has seriously jeopardized the visual health of adolescents in the past decades. The progression of high myopia is associated with a decrease in collagen aggregation and thinning of the sclera, which ultimately leads to longer eye axis length and image formation in front of the retina. Herein, we report a fibroblast-loaded hydrogel as a posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) surgery implant for the prevention of myopia progression.

Application of IPSC and Müller glia derivatives in retinal degenerative diseases.

Retinal degenerative diseases cause blindness characterized by a progressive decline in the number and function of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), photoreceptor cells, and ganglion cells. Such diseases include retinitis pigmentosa (RP), glaucomatous optic neuropathy, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic optic neuropathy. Recent studies have demonstrated that Müller glial cells (MGCs), an endogenous alternative source of retinal neurons, are important glial cells involved in retinal development, damage, and regeneration, making it an excellent target for retinal nerve regeneration.

Retinal Neurotransmitter Alteration in Response to Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonist from Myopic Guinea Pigs.

This study aimed to investigate the changes in retinal neurotransmitters and the role of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) pathway in regulating the myopic refractive state. Tricolor guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups: the normal control group (NC) and the form-deprivation myopia group (FDM). Animals in the FDM group had their right eye covered with a balloon for 4 weeks.

Effects of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists on retinal pigment epithelial/choroid complex metabolism in form-deprived myopic guinea pigs.

The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE)/choroid complex regulates myopia development, but the precise pathogenesis of myopia remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the changes in RPE/choroid complex metabolism in a form deprivation myopia model after dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) modulation. Guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal (NC), form deprivation myopia (FDM), and FDM treated with dopamine D2R antagonist groups.

High-Fat Diet Alters Acylcarnitine Metabolism of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium/Choroidal Tissues in Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Rat Models.

Scope: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is age-related macular degeneration's (AMD) main pathological change. High-fat diet (HFD) is associated with a form of CNV; however, the specific mechanism is unclear. Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by abnormal acylcarnitine, occurs during metabolic screening of serum or other body tissues in AMD.

Metabolic Characterization of Ocular Tissues in Relation to Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in Rats.

Age-related macular degeneration is a metabolic compromise disorder whose main pathological feature is choroidal neovascularization (CNV) formation. Using untargeted metabolomics analysis, we determined to assess the metabolomic alterations in a CNV rat model to provide an insight into its pathogenesis. In the CNV model, there were 24 significantly changed metabolites in the plasma and 71 in various ocular tissues.

Observation of Cyclosporin A: Sustained Release Intraocular Lens Implantation in Rabbit Eyes.

Purpose: To observe the performance of cyclosporine A (CsA)-loaded intraocular lens (IOLs) implanted into rabbit eyes.

Methods: To prepare a PLGA-based CsA-sustained release IOLs and study the in vitro drug release. Forty-two New Zealand white rabbits were randomly and equally divided into three groups, and all right eyes underwent phacoemulsification.

Senescence marker protein30 protects lens epithelial cells against oxidative damage by restoring mitochondrial function.

Etiology and pathogenesis of age-related cataract is not entirely clear till now. Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a newly discovered anti-aging factor, which plays an important role in preventing apoptosis and reducing oxidative stress damage. Mitochondria are located at the intersection of key cellular pathways, such as energy substrate metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis.

[Effect of acupuncture on retinal and choroidal thickness in patients with optic atrophy].

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture on visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field, retinal and choroidal thickness on optic disc and macular area in patients with optic atrophy.

Methods: A total of 33 patients with optic atrophy were treated with acupuncture. Acupuncture was given at Chengqi (ST 1), Shangjingming (Extra), Qiuhou (EX-HN 7) and Fengchi (GB 20) etc.

Metabolomic analysis of the aqueous humor from patients with central retinal vein occlusion using UHPLC-MS/MS.

Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is one of the retinal fundus diseases and may result in irreversible visual impairment. Metabolic dysfunction has been proved to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CRVO. We performed untargeted metabolomic analysis of the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with CRVO and controls using UHPLC-MS/MS.

Metabolomic Profiling of the Aqueous Humor in Patients with Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using UHPLC-MS/MS.

Assessing metabolomic alterations in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can provide insights into its pathogenesis. We compared the metabolomic profiles of the aqueous humor between wet AMD patients ( = 26) and age- and sex-matched patients undergoing cataract surgery without AMD as controls ( = 20). A global untargeted metabolomics study was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Glucose Metabolic Characterization of Human Aqueous Humor in Relation to Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: Energy compromise underpins wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) pathogenesis, but the relationship between glucose metabolism and the disease remains unclear. Here, we characterized aqueous humor (AH) to elucidate glucose-related metabolic signatures in patients with wAMD.

Methods: In total, 25 eyes of 25 patients with wAMD were divided into phakic (15 eyes), pseudophakic (10 eyes), and intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (13 eyes) wAMD groups.

Role of from ocular surface ectoderm in retinal vasculature development.

Aim: To investigate how signals from lens regulate retinal vascular development and neovascularization.

Methods: Le-Cre transgenic mouse line was employed to inactivate in the surface ectoderm selectively. Standard histological and whole-mount retina staining were employed to reveal morphological changes of retinal vasculature in defective eye.

Quantitative analysis of metabolites in glucose metabolism in the aqueous humor of patients with central retinal vein occlusion.

Quantitative analysis of aqueous humor (AH) was performed to investigate glucose metabolism in patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and to explore metabolic changes after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. AH samples were collected from 35 patients. Participants diagnosed with CRVO (n = 15) were compared to participants who underwent cataract surgery (n = 20).

M-Type Pyruvate Kinase Isoforms and Lactate Dehydrogenase A in the Mammalian Retina: Metabolic Implications.

Purpose: Like cancer cells, photoreceptor cells produce lactate aerobically, requiring lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A). Cancer cells also use glycolytic intermediates for biosynthesis. The molecular switch controlling glycolytic flow is thought to be an isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase (PKM2).

Effect of subconjunctival glucose on retinal ganglion cell survival in experimental retinal ischaemia and contrast sensitivity in human glaucoma.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the effect of subconjunctival glucose on the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in experimental retinal ischaemia and contrast sensitivity in humans with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: First, we measured the intravitreal concentration of glucose at various time points after a subconjunctival injection of 100 μl of 50% glucose to Sprague-Dawley rats. Next, treatment and control groups received 50% subconjunctival glucose and iso-osmotic (8%) saline, respectively, 1 h prior to a unilateral ischaemic retinal injury; 7 days later, the damage profiles were compared using RGC and axon counts.