Comparative glycomic analysis of hawk (), caiman () and sea turtle () tear films.

Glycans are recognized as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. However, these molecules remain a critical blind spot in understanding post-translational modifications, particularly in vertebrate species inhabiting diverse habitats. The glycans present in tears play a crucial role in eye protection and may be one of the key factors in adapting to direct environmental contact.

GlycoKnow Ovarian: a Glycoprotein-based, Serum Diagnostic to Distinguish Ovarian Cancers from Benign Pelvic Masses.

Objective: Blood-based biomarkers offer an unprecedented opportunity to realize the promise of precision medicine in improving diagnostic workflows. Previous peer-reviewed studies have established the association of the circulating glycoproteome with ovarian cancer. Here a glycoproteomic classifier was built, tested, and applied to both internal and external validation cohorts to distinguish malignant from benign pelvic masses.

Diagnosing and staging epithelial ovarian cancer by serum glycoproteomic profiling.

Background: There is a need for diagnostic tests for screening, triaging and staging of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Glycoproteomics of blood samples has shown promise for biomarker discovery.

Methods: We applied glycoproteomics to serum of people with EOC or benign pelvic masses and healthy controls.

Decoding the glycoproteome: a new frontier for biomarker discovery in cancer.

Cancer early detection and treatment response prediction continue to pose significant challenges. Cancer liquid biopsies focusing on detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and DNA (ctDNA) have shown enormous potential due to their non-invasive nature and the implications in precision cancer management. Recently, liquid biopsy has been further expanded to profile glycoproteins, which are the products of post-translational modifications of proteins and play key roles in both normal and pathological processes, including cancers.

Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Glycopeptides Enriched by Anion Exchange-Mediated Methods Reveals PolyLacNAc-Extended -Glycans in Integrins and Tetraspanins in Melanoma Cells.

Glycosylation is a key modulator of the functional state of proteins. Recent developments in large-scale analysis of intact glycopeptides have enabled the identification of numerous glycan structures that are relevant in pathophysiological processes. However, one motif found in -glycans, poly--acetyllactosamine (polyLacNAc), still poses a substantial challenge to mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic analysis due to its relatively low abundance and large size.

Study of Anticorrosion and Antifouling Properties of a Cu-Doped TiO Coating Fabricated via Micro-Arc Oxidation.

As a promising material for petroleum industrial applications, titanium (Ti) and its alloys receive wide attention due to their outstanding physicochemical properties. However, the harsh industrial environment requires an antifouling surface with a desired corrosion resistance for Ti and its alloys. In order to achieve the desired antifouling properties, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was used to prepare a Cu-doped TiO coating.

Combined analysis of secreted proteins and glycosylation identifies prognostic features in cholangiocarcinoma.

Secreted proteins are overexpressed in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and actively involved in promoting metastatic spread. Many of these proteins possess one or more sites of glycosylation and their various glycoforms have potential utility as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. To evaluate the effects of secretome glycosylation on patient outcome, we elucidated the glycosylation patterns of proteins secreted by parental and metastatic CCA cells using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PROMOTING MITOCHONDRIAL DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM ATTENUATES SEPSIS-INDUCED ACUTE LUNG INJURY BY INHIBITING PROINFLAMMATORY POLARIZATION OF ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by widespread pulmonary inflammation and immune response, in which proinflammatory polarization of alveolar macrophages (AMs) plays an important role. Mitochondria are the key intracellular signaling platforms regulating immune cell responses. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that the mitochondrial dynamics of macrophages are imbalanced in sepsis and severe ALI/ARDS.

Plasma glycoproteomic biomarkers identify metastatic melanoma patients with reduced clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

The clinical success of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in both resected and metastatic melanoma has confirmed the validity of therapeutic strategies that boost the immune system to counteract cancer. However, half of patients with metastatic disease treated with even the most aggressive regimen do not derive durable clinical benefit. Thus, there is a critical need for predictive biomarkers that can identify individuals who are unlikely to benefit with high accuracy so that these patients may be spared the toxicity of treatment without the likely benefit of response.

Differential Peripheral Blood Glycoprotein Profiles in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic COVID-19.

Glycosylation is the most common form of post-translational modification of proteins, critically affecting their structure and function. Using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for high-resolution site-specific quantification of glycopeptides coupled with high-throughput artificial intelligence-powered data processing, we analyzed differential protein glycoisoform distributions of 597 abundant serum glycopeptides and nonglycosylated peptides in 50 individuals who had been seriously ill with COVID-19 and in 22 individuals who had recovered after an asymptomatic course of COVID-19. As additional comparison reference phenotypes, we included 12 individuals with a history of infection with a common cold coronavirus, 16 patients with bacterial sepsis, and 15 healthy subjects without history of coronavirus exposure.

Serum Glycoprotein Markers in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Fatty liver disease progresses through stages of fat accumulation and inflammation to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently available diagnostic tools for HCC lack sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we investigated the use of circulating serum glycoproteins to identify a panel of potential prognostic markers that may be indicative of progression from the healthy state to NASH and further to HCC.

The glycoproteomics of hawk and caiman tears.

Background: Glycoproteins are important tear components that participate in the stability of the ocular surface. However, the glycopeptides that are present in the tears of wild animals have not yet been described. This work aimed to describe the glycoproteomic profile of roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris) and caiman (Caiman latirostris) tears.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) immunostaining in axillary lymph node metastases is an independent prognostic factor in ALDH1-positive breast cancer.

Objective: To determine whether aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) immunostaining in axillary lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer is associated with poor clinical prognosis.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed data from the medical records of patients with immunohistochemistry-confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 1-3 metastatic lymph nodes in the ipsilateral axilla between December 2012 and July 2015. The association between ALDH1 immunostaining in axillary lymph node metastases and clinical parameters and prognosis was analysed using χ-test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Glycan biomarkers of autoimmunity and bile acid-associated alterations of the human glycome: Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis-specific glycans.

We have recently introduced multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry as a novel tool for glycan biomarker research and discovery. Herein, we employ this technique to characterize the site-specific glycan alterations associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Glycopeptides associated with disease severity were also identified.

Glycan-protein cross-linking mass spectrometry reveals sialic acid-mediated protein networks on cell surfaces.

A cross-linking method is developed to elucidate glycan-mediated interactions between membrane proteins through sialic acids. The method provides information on previously unknown extensive glycomic interactions on cell membranes. The vast majority of membrane proteins are glycosylated with complicated glycan structures attached to the polypeptide backbone.

Hard antler extract inhibits invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of triple-negative and Her-2 breast cancer cells by attenuating nuclear factor-κB signaling.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Hard antler extract (HAE) is a traditional Chinese medicine and has potent antitumor, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Previous studies have demonstrated that HAE can inhibit human prostate cancer metastasis and murine breast cancer proliferation. However, the effect of HAE on human breast cancer cells has not been clarified.

Author Correction: Intact glycosphingolipidomic analysis of the cell membrane during differentiation yields extensive glycan and lipid changes.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Indole-3-lactic acid associated with Bifidobacterium-dominated microbiota significantly decreases inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells.

Background: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) is a commensal bacterium that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of breast-fed infants.

A site-specific map of the human plasma glycome and its age and gender-associated alterations.

Alterations in the human glycome have been associated with cancer and autoimmunity. Thus, constructing a site-specific map of the human glycome for biomarker research and discovery has been a highly sought-after objective. However, due to analytical barriers, comprehensive site-specific glycoprofiling is difficult to perform.

Preparation of ROS-responsive core crosslinked polycarbonate micelles with thioketal linkage.

Herein, we prepared novel reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive core crosslinked (CCL/TK) polycarbonate micelles conveniently by click reaction between amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(5-methyl-5-propargylxycar-bonyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one) (PEG-PMPC) with pendant alkynyl group and thioketal containing azide derivative bis (2-azidoethyl) 3, 3'- (propane-2, 2-diylbis (sulfanediyl)) dipropanoate (TK-N). The CCL/TK micelles were obtained with small size of 146.4 nm, showing excellent stability against dilution and high doxorubicin (DOX) loading.

PB-Net: Automatic peak integration by sequential deep learning for multiple reaction monitoring.

Mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomics has become an indispensable component of modern molecular and cellular biochemistry analysis. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) is one of the most well-established MS techniques for molecule detection and quantification. Despite its wide usage, there lacks an accurate computational framework to analyze MRM data, and expert annotation is often required, especially to perform peak integration.

Metabolic flux analysis of the neural cell glycocalyx reveals differential utilization of monosaccharides.

Saccharides in our diet are major sources of carbon for the formation of biomass such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and glycans. Among the dietary monosaccharides, glucose occupies a central role in metabolism, but human blood contains regulated levels of other monosaccharides as well. Their influence on metabolism and how they are utilized have not been explored thoroughly.