Two-year outcomes after selective early treatment of patent ductus arteriosus with ibuprofen in preterm babies: follow-up of Baby-OSCAR-a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Children born extremely preterm are at increased risk of developmental problems and respiratory morbidity due to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether early treatment of a PDA ≥1.5 mm with ibuprofen improved neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes at 24 months of age, corrected for prematurity.

Colorectal Cancer Screening Modalities in the US: Regional and Rural Variance, the Resilience of Colonoscopy, and the Rise of mt-sDNA Testing.

This study examined trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening modality utilization across the United States from 2016 to 2022, leveraging a large national claims database. The purpose was to identify national, regional, and demographic patterns in screening behavior during a period that encompassed the introduction of multitarget stool DNA testing (mt-sDNA) and the COVID-19 pandemic. Among 6.

Efficacy and safety of B/F/TAF in treatment-naïve and virologically suppressed people with HIV ≥ 50 years of age: integrated analysis from six phase 3 clinical trials.

Introduction: Older adults with HIV, particularly those ≥ 50 years of age, face unique health challenges due to a higher prevalence of comorbidities and polypharmacy, which can impact medication adherence and increase the risk of adverse events. We assessed the efficacy and safety of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in people with HIV (PWH) ≥ 50 years of age across treatment-naïve and virologically suppressed cohorts over a long-term follow-up.

Methods: This post hoc analysis included participants ≥ 50 and < 50 years of age from six phase 3 trials of B/F/TAF, comprising 2 treatment-naïve studies and 4 virologically suppressed studies.

Cough in Adults with Undiagnosed Respiratory Symptoms.

Rationale: Cough is a common symptom of undiagnosed respiratory conditions.

Objective: To investigate cough in adults with undiagnosed respiratory symptoms and its association with quality of life (QoL), sleep quality, and healthcare utilization for respiratory illness.

Methods: We used a case-finding strategy to find community-dwelling adults with respiratory symptoms but no previous history of diagnosed lung disease.

From lab to life: technological innovations in transforming cancer metastasis detection and therapy.

Cancer metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and represents a major therapeutic bottleneck, primarily due to the limited availability of effective, targeted treatment strategies. While key oncogenic drivers such as HER2, EGFR, PIK3CA, KRAS, and BRAF activate critical pathways like PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK, promoting tumor proliferation and migration and metastasis. In addition, metastasis is also influenced by environmental factors, microbiomes, and genomic alterations.

Black-White disparities across the colorectal cancer care continuum in the USA.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a substantial public health challenge globally and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA. Despite advances in screening and treatment, disparities in CRC outcomes persist, especially among Black individuals in the USA, who face higher CRC incidence and mortality and lower survival compared with White individuals. Inequities are largely attributed to social determinants of health (SDOH), such as access to health care, socioeconomic conditions and systemic inequities.

Utilizing Immuno-Oncology registry data for enhanced non-small cell lung cancer treatment predictions.

Objectives: We aim to leverage more comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic clinical data to enhance the treatment response predictions.

Materials And Methods: The study cohort includes 213 NSCLC patients who underwent ICI therapy. Patients were categorized based on treatment outcomes: those with complete or partial responses were considered responders, while those exhibiting stable or progressive disease were deemed non-responders.

Yield of Advanced Neoplasia at Second Post-polypectomy Surveillance Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Individuals who have had polypectomy and at least one surveillance colonoscopy exam are routinely encountered, but evidence to inform risk for subsequent neoplasia and timing of surveillance is limited. Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of serial surveillance yield.

Methods: We performed a systematic search of research literature databases through September 2024 and identified studies reporting neoplasia yield at baseline colonoscopy and at least 2 surveillance colonoscopies.

Clinical Validation of a Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Blood Test to Screen for Colorectal Cancer.

Importance: Colorectal cancer screening is widely recommended but underused. Blood-based screening offers the potential for higher adherence compared with endoscopy or stool-based testing but must first be clinically validated in a screening population.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical performance of an investigational blood-based circulating tumor DNA test for colorectal cancer detection in an average-risk population using colonoscopy with histopathology as the reference method.

Exploring the Utilization of Synthetic Data in Unsupervised Clustering for Opioid Misuse Analysis.

Privacy and security restrictions on medical data pose challenges to collaborative research, making synthetic data an increasingly attractive solution. Recent advancements in Generative AI technologies, like GAN models, have improved synthetic data generation. This study investigates the use of synthetic data in clustering models for opioid misuse analysis, generating a dataset that replicates real-world data from 2017 to 2019, including demographics and diagnosis codes.

Large language models for extracting histopathologic diagnoses of colorectal cancer and dysplasia from electronic health records.

Background: Accurate data resources are essential for impactful medical research, but available structured datasets are often incomplete or inaccurate. Recent advances in open-weight large language models (LLMs) enable more accurate data extraction from unstructured text in electronic health records (EHRs) but have not yet been thoroughly validated for challenging diagnoses such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-related neoplasia.

Objective: Create a validated approach using LLMs for identifying histopathologic diagnoses in pathology reports from the nationwide Veterans Health Administration database, including patients with genotype data within the Million Veteran Program (MVP) biobank.

Factors Affecting Risk of CVD Events in a Global CVD Prevention Cohort of People with HIV.

Background: PWH face increased risks of major adverse cardiovascular disease (MACE), partially mitigated by statin therapy.

Methods: We characterized factors associated with MACE and MACE subcomponents among a global cohort of PWH in REPRIEVE. Our primary outcome measure was time-to-first primary MACE.

Accuracy of non-invasive measurement of cardiac output using electrical cardiometry in preterm infants during the transitional period: A comparison with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.

Unlabelled: This prospective observational study aimed to assess the agreement of cardiac output measurements obtained with transthoracic echocardiography (CO) and electrical velocimetry (CO) and the impact of relevant variables on CO accuracy in preterm infants during the transitional period. Simultaneous measurements of CO and CO were performed in preterm infants < 32 weeks' gestation and/or < 1500 g during the first 72 h of life. Bland-Altman analysis was performed and bias and mean percentage error (MPE) were calculated.

Advancing the Evaluation and Management of CDH1-Associated Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer is a significant global health concern, with CDH1-associated gastric cancer representing a small but important subset of cases. Historically, individuals with CDH1 pathogenic germline variants were advised to undergo prophylactic total gastrectomy due to the high reported risk of gastric cancer and the limited sensitivity of upper endoscopy in detecting signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC). However, emerging data suggest that the cumulative lifetime risk of advanced gastric cancer among CDH1 germline pathogenic variant carriers is lower than previously thought, and early-stage SRCC detected on endoscopy does not necessarily indicate imminent-or even eventual-progression to advanced cancer.

Characteristics of Postpolypectomy Colorectal Cancer Events and Deaths.

Introduction: Postpolypectomy colorectal cancers (PPCRCs) are diagnosed after a cancer-negative colonoscopy with polypectomy. Analyzing PPCRC characteristics informs prevention and early detection strategies. We investigated interval types and etiologies of PPCRCs using World Endoscopy Organization guidelines.

Margin Shrinkage in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Observational Study.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one the most encountered malignancies by the oncologists in the Indian subcontinent. Adequate margin is the most sought-after goal during resection of OSCC. Margin discrepancy in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma is frequent cause of disagreement between surgeons and pathologists.

A Novel 4-Tier Classification for Tumor Budding and the Importance of Tumor Invasive Patterns in the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a major global health issue, with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the TNM staging system remains the standard for prognosticating CRC, it fails to capture the full complexity of tumor behavior. Tumor budding (TB) and tumor invasive patterns (TIPs) are emerging as promising histopathological markers that may provide additional prognostic insights, particularly in predicting the nodal metastasis (N), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and perineural invasion (PNI).

The steady-state pharmacokinetics of fixed-dose combination dolutegravir+rilpivirine in hemodialysis.

Objective: Fixed dose combination (FDC) dolutegravir (DTG) plus rilpivirine (RPV) is an approved antiretroviral treatment regimen for people with HIV. The steady-state pharmacokinetics of FDC DTG+RPV in hemodialysis has not been previously studied.

Design: We performed a single-center, prospective evaluation of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of FDC DTG +RPV in four adults without HIV either requiring hemodialysis and in four matched participants with normal renal function.

Doege Potter syndrome in patient with solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura.

Solitary fibrous tumors of pleura (SFTP) are rare neoplasms derived from mesenchymal cells of the pleura. A 63-year-old male patient, laborer by profession, presented with progressive dry cough and breathlessness for one month. Clinically he had left-sided intrathoracic mass which was confirmed by CT thorax.

Improving colonoscopy quality in the national VA healthcare system.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention is a Veterans Affairs (VA) priority. Colonoscopy quality, especially adenoma detection rate (ADR), is critical for effective screening. Our research indicates considerable variation in ADR among VA providers.

Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Colorectal, Endometrial, and Gastric, Version 3.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology.

Multigene panel testing has allowed for the detection of a growing number of inherited pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in people at high risk of cancer, including endometrial cancer (EC). Hereditary syndromes associated with EC include Lynch syndrome, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. This manuscript provides the latest recommendations from the NCCN Guidelines for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Colorectal, Endometrial, and Gastric on the screening and management of EC in patients at high risk for these syndromes, as well as the advantages and limitations of multigene panel testing.

Racial and Ethnic Variation in Survival in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.

Importance: Rates of early-onset (before 50 years of age) colorectal cancer (EOCRC) are increasing, with notable differences across racial and ethnic groups. Limited data are available on EOCRC-related mortality differences when disaggregating racial and ethnic groups.

Objective: To investigate racial and ethnic differences in EOCRC mortality, including disaggregation of Asian American populations separately, including Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander populations and specific Asian American groups, and to quantify the contribution of clinical and sociodemographic factors accounting for these differences.